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Regulation of endogenous dopamine release in amphibian retina by gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2009

Jeffrey H. Boatright ,
Nara M. Rubim  and
P. Michael Iuvone
Jeffrey H. Boatright
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacology and The Neuroscience Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
Nara M. Rubim
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacology and The Neuroscience Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
P. Michael Iuvone
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacology and The Neuroscience Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
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Abstract

Endogenous dopamine release in the retina of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) increases in light and decreases in darkness. The roles of the inhibitory amino acid transmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine in regulating this light/dark difference in dopamine release were explored in the present study. Exogenous GABA, the GABA-A receptor agonist muscimol, the GABA-B receptor agonist baclofen, and the GABA-C receptor agonist cis-aminocrotonic acid (CACA) suppressed light-evoked dopamine overflow from eyecups. The effects of GABA-A and -B receptor agonists were selectively reversed by their respective receptor-specific antagonists, whereas the effect of CACA was reversed by the competitive GABA-A receptor antagonist bicuculline. The benzodiazepine diazepam enhanced the effect of muscimol on light-evoked dopamine release. Both GABA-A and -B receptor antagonists stimulated dopamine release in light or darkness. Bicuculline was more potent in light than in darkness. These data suggest that retinal dopaminergic neurons are inhibited by GABA-A and -B receptor activation in both light and darkness but that GABA-mediated inhibitory tone may be greater in darkness than in light.

Exogenous glycine inhibited light-stimulated dopamine release in a concentration-dependent and strychnine-sensitive manner. However, strychnine alone did not increase dopamine release in light or darkness, nor did it augment bicuculline-stimulated release in darkness. Additionally, both strychnine and 7-chlorokynurenate, an antagonist of the strychnine-insensitive glycine-binding site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype of glutamate receptor, suppressed light-evoked dopamine release. Thus, the role of endogenous glycine in the regulation of dopamine release remains unclear.

Keywords

DopamineRetinaGamma-aminobutyric acidGlycine
Type
Research Articles
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 11 , Issue 5 , September 1994 , pp. 1003 - 1012
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

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