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Neurochemical signatures revealed by glutamine labeling in the chicken retina

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2009

Michael Kalloniatis ,
Guido Tomisich  and
Robert E. Marc
Michael Kalloniatis
Affiliation:
Department of Optometry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
Guido Tomisich
Affiliation:
Department of Optometry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
Robert E. Marc
Affiliation:
University of Utah, Health Sciences Center, 50 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City
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Abstract

Postembedding immunocytochemistry was used to determine the retinal distribution of the amino acid glutamine, and characterize amino acid signatures in the avian retinal ganglion cell layer. Glutamine is a potential precursor of glutamate and some glutamatergic neurons may use this amino acid to sustain production of glutamate for neurotransmission. Ganglion cells, cells in the inner nuclear layer, and some photoreceptors exhibited glutamine immunoreactivity of varying intensity. Ganglion cells demonstrated the highest level of immunoreactivity which indicates either slow glutamine turnover or active maintenance of a large standing glutamine pool relative to other glutamatergic neurons. Müller's cells in the avian retina are involved in glutamate uptake and carbon recycling by the rapid conversion of glutamate to glutamine, thus explaining the low glutamate and high glutamine immunoreactivity found throughout Müller's cells. Most chicken retinal ganglion cells are glutamate (E) and glutamine (Q) immunoreactive but display diverse signatures with presumed functional subsets of cells displaying admixtures of E and Q with GABA (7) and/or glycine (G). The four major ganglion cell signatures are (1) EQ; (2) EQγ; (3) EQG; and (4) EQγG.

Keywords

GlutamineGlutamateGABAGlycineAmino acidsNeurotransmittersVision
Type
Research Articles
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 11 , Issue 4 , July 1994 , pp. 793 - 804
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

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