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Linking assumptions in amblyopia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 July 2013

DENNIS M. LEVI
DENNIS M. LEVI*
Affiliation:
School of Optometry & Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California
*
*Address correspondence to: Dennis M. Levi, School of Optometry & Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-2020. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Over the last 35 years or so, there has been substantial progress in revealing and characterizing the many interesting and sometimes mysterious sensory abnormalities that accompany amblyopia. A goal of many of the studies has been to try to make the link between the sensory losses and the underlying neural losses, resulting in several hypotheses about the site, nature, and cause of amblyopia. This article reviews some of these hypotheses, and the assumptions that link the sensory losses to specific physiological alterations in the brain. Despite intensive study, it turns out to be quite difficult to make a simple linking hypothesis, at least at the level of single neurons, and the locus of the sensory loss remains elusive. It is now clear that the simplest notion—that reduced contrast sensitivity of neurons in cortical area V1 explains the reduction in contrast sensitivity—is too simplistic. Considerations of noise, noise correlations, pooling, and the weighting of information also play a critically important role in making perceptual decisions, and our current models of amblyopia do not adequately take these into account. Indeed, although the reduction of contrast sensitivity is generally considered to reflect “early” neural changes, it seems plausible that it reflects changes at many stages of visual processing.

Keywords

AmblyopiaDevelopmentContrast sensitivityPsychophysicsPhysiologyNoise
Type
Linking performance and neural mechanisms in development and disability
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 30 , Special Issue 5-6: Linking Hypotheses in Visual Neuroscience: A Tribute to Davida Teller , November 2013 , pp. 277 - 287
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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