Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T03:13:34.007Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Light-evoked changes in near-infrared transmission by the ON and OFF channels of the anuran retina

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2009

Stevan M. Dawis  and
Michelangelo Rossetto
Stevan M. Dawis
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Biophysics, Rockefeller University, New York
Michelangelo Rossetto
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Biophysics, Rockefeller University, New York
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We have developed an optical method to monitor the activity of the ON and OFF channels in the anuran retina. The change in the fraction of near infrared that is transmitted transversely through the retina in an eyecup slice is monitored during stimulation by visible, green light. Near-infrared transmission increases both at the onset and at the termination of a step stimulus. This “ON/OFF” response is maximal in the neural retina. Sodium L-aspartate, which blocks the light-evoked activity of post-photoreceptor neurons, abolishes the “ON/OFF” response. L-AP4, used as a selective blocker of the ON channel, reduces the “ON” component and has little or no effect on the “OFF” component. The “ON” and “OFF” processes observed optically are distinct from those that generate the b– and d–waves of the electroretinogram, and the “ON” and “OFF” components may be superior to the b– and d–waves as indicators of ON and OFF channel activity. The optical method is almost as simple as electroretinography and has the advantage that responses can be spatially localized with ease.

Keywords

Near infraredOptical measurementRetinaON channelOFF channelExcitatory amino acids
Type
Research Articles
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 10 , Issue 4 , July 1993 , pp. 687 - 692
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Armington, J.C. (1974). The Electroretinogram. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Bennett, N. & Sitaramayya, A. (1988). Inactivation of photoexcited rhodopsin in retinal rods: The roles of rhodopsin kinase and 48-kDa protein (arrestin). Biochemistry 27, 1710–1715.Google Scholar
Burkhardt, D.A., Gottesman, J. & Thoreson, W.B. (1989). An eyecup slice preparation for intracellular recording in vertebrate retinas. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 28, 179–187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Copenhagen, D.R. & Jahr, C.E. (1989). Release of endogenous excitatory amino acids from turtle photoreceptors. Nature 341, 536–539.Google Scholar
Criswell, M.H., Karwoski, C.J. & Proenza, L.M. (1979). Species differences in the intraretinal electroretinogram within the leopard frog complex. Vision Research 19, 339–341.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deshpande, S., Thompson, M., Parker, J.A. & Abrahamson, E.W. (1992). Study of retinal dystrophy in RCS rats: A comparison of Mg-ATP dependent light scattering activity and ERG b–wave. Vision Research 32, 425–432.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frostig, R.D., Lieke, E.E., Ts’o, D.Y. & Grinvald, A. (1990). Cortcal functional architecture and local coupling between neuronal activity and the microcirculation revealed by in vivo high-resolution optical imaging of intrinsic signals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 87, 6082–6086.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furukawa, T. & Hanawa, I. (1955). Effects of some common cations on electroretinogram of the toad. Japanese Journal of Physiology 5, 289–300.Google Scholar
Harary, H.H., Brown, J.E. & Pinto, L.H. (1978). Rapid light-induced changes in near-infrared transmission of rods in Bufo marinus. Science 202, 1083–1085.Google Scholar
Hofmann, K.P. & Emeis, D. (1979). Differential light detector. Review of Scientific Instruments 50, 249–252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jardon, B., Yücel, H. & Bonaventure, N. (1989). Glutamatergic separation of ON and OFF retinal channels: Possible modulation by glycine and acetylcholine. European Journal of Pharmacology 162, 215–224.Google Scholar
Kahlert, M. & Hofmann, K.P. (1991). Reaction rate and collision efficiency of the rhodopsin-transducin system in intact retinal rods. Biophysical Journal 59, 375–386.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kahlert, M., Pepperberg, D.R. & Hofmann, K.P. (1990). Effect of bleached rhodopsin on signal amplification in rod visual receptors. Nature 345, 537–539.Google Scholar
Kaneko, A. & Hashimoto, H. (1969). Electrophysiological study of single neurons in the inner nuclear layer of the carp retina. Vision Research 9, 37–55.Google Scholar
Karwoski, C.J. & Proenza, L.M. (1977). Relationship between Müller cell responses, a local transretinal potential, and potassium flux. Journal of Neurophysiology 40, 244–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kühn, H., Bennett, N., Michel-Villaz, M. & Chabre, M. (1981). Interactions between photoexcited rhodopsin and GTP-binding protein: Kinetic and stoichiometric analyses from light-scattering changes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 78, 6873–6877.Google Scholar
Masland, R.H. & Ames, A. III. (1975). Dissociation of field potential from neuronal activity in the isolated retina: Failure of the b–wave with normal ganglion cell response. Journal of Neurobiology 6, 305–312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pepperberg, D.R., Kahlert, M., Krause, A. & Hofmann, K.P. (1988). Photic modulation of a highly sensitive, near-infrared light-scattering signal recorded from intact retinal photoreceptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 85, 5531–5535.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shiells, R.A., Falk, G. & Naghshineh, S. (1981). Action of glutamate and aspartate analogues on rod horizontal and bipolar cells. Nature 294, 592–594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sillman, A.J., Ito, H. & Tomita, T. (1969). Studies on the mass receptor potential of the isolated frog retina. I. General properties of the response. Vision Research 9, 1435–1442.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slaughter, M. & Miller, R.F. (1981). 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: A new pharmacological tool for retina research. Science 211, 182–185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stockton, R.A. & Slaughter, M.M. (1989). B-wave of the electroretinogram. A reflection of ON-bipolar cell activity. Journal of General Physiology 93, 101–122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uhl, R. & Ryba, N.J.P. (1990). Transducin activation and deactivation in rod systems of different structural integrity. Attempts at a focussed view through scattered light. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1054, 56–68.Google Scholar
Vuong, T.M., Chabre, M. & Stryer, L. (1984). Millisecond activation of transducin in the cyclic nucleotide cascade of vision. Nature 311, 659–661.Google Scholar
Werblin, F.S. & Dowling, J.E. (1969). Organization of the retina of the mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus. II. Intracellular recording. Journal of Neurophysiology 32, 339–355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yang, C.-Y., Hassin, G. & Witkovsky, P. (1983). Blue-sensitive rod input to bipolar and ganglion cells of the Xenopus retina. Vision Research 23, 933–941.Google Scholar