Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T05:50:49.680Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Light adaptation, rods, and the human cone flicker ERG

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2009

Neal S. Peachey ,
Kenneth R. Alexander ,
Deborah J. Derlacki  and
Gerald A. Fishma
Neal S. Peachey
Affiliation:
Hines VA Hospital Department of Neurology, Loyola University Medical Center
Kenneth R. Alexander
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine
Deborah J. Derlacki
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine
Gerald A. Fishma
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

During the course of light adaptation, the amplitude and implicit time of the human cone ERG change systematically. In the present study, the effect of adapting field luminance on these ERG changes was assessed, and the hypothesis that light adaptation of the rod system is the primary determining factor was evaluated. Cone ERG responses, isolated through the use of 31.1-Hz flicker, were obtained from two visually normal subjects, initially under dark-adapted conditions and then repeatedly for 30 min following the onset of each of a series of ganzfeld adapting fields with luminances that ranged from –1.2 to 2.1 log cd/m. The increase in flicker ERG amplitude and decrease in implicit time during light adaptation were greatest at the highest adapting field luminances. Photopically equivalent achromatic and long-wavelength adapting fields induced comparable increases in flicker ERG amplitude, while scotopically equivalent adapting fields had considerably different effects. This latter finding demonstrates that the rod system is not a major determinant of the adaptation-induced increase in cone ERG amplitude.

Keywords

ConeElectroretinogramLight adaptation
Type
Research Articles
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 8 , Issue 2 , February 1992 , pp. 145 - 150
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Armington, J.C. & Biersdorf, W.R. (1958). Long-term light adaptation of the human electroretinogram. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 51, 1–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Biersdorf, W.R. & Armington, J.C. (1960). Level of light adaptation and the human electroretinogram. Journal of the Optical Society of America 50, 78–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burian, H.M. (1954). Electric responses of the human visual system. Archives of Ophthalmology 51, 509–524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daly, S.J. & Normann, R.A. (1985). Temporal information processing in cones: Effects of light adaptation on temporal summation and modulation. Vision Research 25, 1197–1206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisner, A. (1989). Losses of foveal flicker sensitivity during dark adaptation following extended bleaches. Vision Research 29, 1401–1423.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frumkes, T.E. (1991). Suppressive rod-cone interaction. In Principles and Practice of Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision, ed. Hecken-Lively, J.R. & Arden, G.B., pp. 469–474. St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby-Year Book.Google Scholar
Gouras, P. & Mackay, C.J. (1989). Growth in amplitude of the human cone electroretinogram with light adaptation. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 30, 625–630.Google Scholar
Granit, R. (1938). Processes of adaptation in the vertebrate retina in the light of recent photochemical and electrophysiological research. Documenta Ophthalmologica 1, 7–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granit, R. & Riddell, L.A. (1934). The electrical responses of light and dark-adapted frogs' eyes to rhythmic and continuous stimuli. Journal of Physiology 81, 1–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harrison, J.M., Glickman, R.D., Peng, C. & Speights, J. (1990). L'onde b de l'électrorètinogramme en fonction de l'adaptation à la lumière chez l'homme et le singe. Coup d'Oeil 6, 28–32.Google Scholar
Hood, D.C. (1972 a). Adaptational changes in the cone system of the isolated frog retina. Vision Research 12, 875–888.Google Scholar
Hood, D.C. (1972 b). Suppression of the frog's cone system in the dark. Vision Research 12, 889–907.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lachapelle, P. (1987). Analysis of the photopic electroretinogramrecorded before and after dark adaptation. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 22, 354–361.Google Scholar
Malchow, R.P. & Yazulla, S. (1986). Separation and light adaptation of rod and cone signals in the retina of the goldfish. Vision Research 26, 1655–1666.Google Scholar
Malchow, R.P. & Yazulla, S. (1988). Light adaptation of rod and cone luminosity horizontal cells of the retina of the goldfish. Brain Research 443, 222–230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marmor, M.F., Arden, G.B., Nilsson, S.E.G. & Zrenner, E. (1989). Standard for clinical electroretinography. Archives of Ophthalmology 107, 816–819.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miyake, Y., Horiguchi, M., Ota, I. & Shiroyama, N. (1987). Characteristic ERG flicker anomaly in incomplete congenital stationary night blindness. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 28, 1816–1823.Google ScholarPubMed
Normann, R.A. & Perlman, I. (1979 a). The effects of background illumination on the photoresponses of red and green cones. Journal of Physiology 286, 491–507.Google Scholar
Normann, R.A. & Perlman, I. (1979 b). Signal transmission from red cones to horizontal cells in the turtle retina. Journal of Physiology 286, 509–524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Normann, R.A. & Perlman, I. (1990). Background and bleaching adaptation in luminosity type horizontal cells in the isolated turtle retina. Journal of Physiology 421, 321–341.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Normann, R.A. & Werblin, F.S. (1974). Control of retinal sensitivity. I. Light and dark adaptation of vertebrate rods and cone. Journal of General Physiology 63, 37–61.Google Scholar
Peachey, N.S., Alexander, K.R., Derlacki, D.J., Bobak, P. & Fishman, G.A. (1991 a). Effects of light adaptation on the response characteristics of human oscillatory potentials. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 78, 27–34.Google Scholar
Peachey, N.S., Alexander, K.R. & Fishman, G.A. (1991 b). Visual adaptation and the cone flicker electroretinogram. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 32, 1517–1522.Google Scholar
Peachey, N.S., Alexander, K.R., Fishman, G.A. & Derlacki, D.J. (1989). Properties of the human cone system electroretinogram during light adaptation. Applied Optics 28, 1145–1150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peachey, N.S., Fishman, G.A., Kilbride, P.E., Alexander, K.R., Keehan, K.M. & Derlacki, D.J. (1990). A form of congenital stationary night blindness with apparent defect of rod phototransduction. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 31, 237–246.Google ScholarPubMed
Shapley, R. & Enroth-Cugell, C. (1984). Visual adaptation and retinal gain controls. Progress in Retinal Research 3, 263–346.Google Scholar
Therman, P.O. (1939). Rod and cone electroretinograms in relation to pigment migration in normal and adrenalized frogs. Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 14, 253–259.Google Scholar
Werblin, F.S. (1974). Control of retinal sensitivity. II. Lateral interactions at the outer plexiform layer. Journal of General Physiology 63, 62–87.Google Scholar
Werblin, F.S. & Copenhagen, D.R. (1974). Control of retinal sensitivity. III. Lateral interactions at the inner plexiform layer. Journal of General Physiology 63, 88–110.Google Scholar
Wyszecki, G. & Stiles, W.S. (1982). Colour Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Yang, X.-L., Tornqvist, K. & Dowling, J.E. (1988a). Modulation of cone horizontal cell activity in the teleost fish retina: I. Effects of prolonged darkness and background illumination on light responsiveness. Journal of Neuroscience 8, 2259–2268.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yang, X.-L., Tornqvist, K. & Dowling, J.E. (1988b). Modulation of cone horizontal cell activity in the teleost fish retina: II. Role of interplexiform cells and dopamine in regulating light responsiveness. Journal of Neuroscience 8, 2269–2278.Google Scholar
Yang, X.-L. & Wu, S.M. (1989 a). Effects of prolonged light exposure, GABA, and glycine on horizontal cell responses in tiger salamander retina. Journal of Neurophysiology 61, 1025–1035.Google Scholar
Yang, X.-L., & Wu, S.M. (1989 b). Effects of background illumination on horizontal cell responses in the tiger salamander retina. Journal of Neuroscience 9, 815–826.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed