Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T22:03:39.610Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the Cebus monkey retina

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2009

Marília Zaluar P. Guimarães  and
Jan Nora Hokoç
Marília Zaluar P. Guimarães
Affiliation:
Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949–900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Jan Nora Hokoç
Affiliation:
Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949–900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression was used as a marker to study the dopaminergic cells in the Cebus monkey retina. Two types of dopaminergic cells were identified by cell body size and location, level of arborization in the inner plexiform layer, and amount of immunolabeling. Type 1 cells displayed intense immunoreactivity and larger somata (12–24 μm) located in the inner nuclear layer or ganglion cell layer, whereas type 2 had smaller cell bodies (8–14 μm) found either in the inner plexiform layer or ganglion cell layer and were more faintly labeled. Interplexiform cells were characterized as type 1 dopaminergic cells. Immunoreactive axon-like processes were seen in the nerve fiber layer, and a net of fibers was visible in the foveal pit and in the extreme periphery of the retina. The population of TH+ cells was most numerous in the temporal superior quadrant and its density peaked at 1–2 mm from the fovea. Type 1 TH+ cells were more numerous than type 2 cells at any eccentricity. Along the horizontal meridian, type 1 cell density was slightly higher in temporal (29 cells/mm2) than in nasal (25 cells/mm2) retina, while type 2 cells had a homogeneous distribution (4.5 cells/mm2). Along the vertical meridian, type 1 cells reached lower peak density (average 17.7 cells/mm2) in the inferior retina (central 4 mm), compared to the superior portion (23.7 cells/mm2). Type 2 cell density varied from 4.5 cells/mm2 in the superior region to 9.4 cells/mm2 in the inferior region. The spatial density of the two cell types varied approximately inversely while the total density of TH+ cells was virtually constant across the retina. No correlation between dopaminergic cells and rod distribution was found. However, we suggest that dopaminergic cells could have a role in mesopic and/or photopic vision in this species, since TH+ fibers are present in cone-dominated regions like the foveola and extreme nasal Periphery.

Keywords

DopamineInterplexiform cellsAmacrine cellsFoveaScotopic vision
Type
Research Articles
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 14 , Issue 4 , July 1997 , pp. 705 - 715
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andrade da Costa, B.L.S. & Hokoç, J.N. (1995). Photoreceptor mosaic and estimate of visual acuity in the Cebus monkey. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 21, 1175.Google Scholar
Andrade da Costa, B.L.S. & Hokoç, J.N. (1996). Immunocytochemical localization of GAD, GABA and GABA-A subunits in Cebus monkey retina. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Abstract) 32, 1260.Google Scholar
Britto, L.R.G., Keyser, K.T., Hamassaki, D.E. & Karten, H.J. (1988). Catecholaminergic subpopulation of displaced ganglion cells projects to the accessory optic nucleus in the pigeon (Columba livia). Journal of Comparative Neurology 269, 109–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crooks, J. & Kolb, H. (1992). Localization of GABA, glycine, glutamate and tyrosine hydroxylase in the human retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology 315, 287–302.Google Scholar
Dacey, D.M. (1990). The dopaminergic amacrine cells. Journal of Comparative Neurology 301, 461–489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Djamgoz, M.B.A. & Wagner, H-J. (1992). Localization and function of dopamine in the adult vertebrate retina. Neurochemistry International 20, 139–191.Google Scholar
Dowling, J.E. & Ehinger, B. (1975). Synaptic organization of the aminecontaining interplexiform cells of the goldfish and Cebus monkey retinas. Science 188, 270–273.Google Scholar
Dowling, J.E., Ehinger, B. & Florén, I. (1980). Fluorescence and electron microscopical observations on the amine-accumulating neurons of the Cebus monkey retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology 192, 665–685.Google Scholar
Eder, D.J., Drake, M.A. & Williams, T.P. (1991). Compression of photoreceptor cell responsivity in the isolated rat retina by physiological concentrations of dopamine: Protection against light damage? Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Abstract) 32, 1260.Google Scholar
Ehinger, B. & Falck, b. (1969). Adrenergic retinal neurons of some New World monkeys. Zeitschrift fur Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie 100, 364–375.Google Scholar
Ehinger, B., Falck, B. & Laties, A.M. (1969). Adrenergic neurons in teleost retina. Zeitschrift fur Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie 97, 285–297.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hampson, E.C.G.M., Vaney, D.I. & Weiler, R. (1992). Dopaminergic modulation of gap junction permeability between amacrine cells in the mammalian retina. Journal of Neuroscience 12, 4911–4922.Google Scholar
Hokoç, J.N. & Mariani, A.P. (1987). Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the rhesus monkey retina reveals synapses from bipolar to dopaminergic amacrine cells. Journal of Neuroscience 7, 2785–2793.Google Scholar
Hokoç, J.N. & Mariani, A.P. (1988). Synapses from bipolar cells onto dopaminergic amacrine cells in the cat and rabbit retinae. Brain Research 461, 17–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Honrubia, F.M. & Elliot, J.H. (1968). Efferent innervation of the retina. I. Morphologic study of the human retina. Archives in Ophthalmology 80, 98–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Honrubia, F.M. & Elliot, J.H. (1970). Efferent innervation of the retina. I. Morphologic study of the monkey retina. Investigative Ophthalmology 9, 971–976.Google ScholarPubMed
Keyser, K.T., Britto, L.R.G., Woo, J-I., Park, D.H., Joh, T.H. & Karten, H.J. (1990). Presumptive catecholaminergic ganglion cells in the pigeon retina. Visual Neuroscience 4, 225–235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koontz, M.A., Hendrickson, A.E. & Ryan, M.K. (1989). GABAimmunoreactive synaptic plexus in the nerve fiber layer of primate retina. Visual Neuroscience 2, 19–25.Google Scholar
Krizaj, D., Akopian, A. & Witkovsky, P. (1994). The effects of L-glutamate, AMPA, quisqualate and kainate on retinal horizontal cells depend on adaptional state: Implications for rod-cone interactions. Journal of Neuroscience 14, 5661–5671.Google Scholar
Lewis, D.A., Melchitzky, D.S. & Haycock, J.W. (1993). Four isoforms of tyrosine hydroxylase are expressed in human brain. Neuroscience 54, 477–492.Google Scholar
Lewis, D.A., Melchitzky, D.S. & Haycock, J.W. (1994). Expression and distribution of two isoforms of tyrosine hydroxylase in macaque monkey brain. Brain Research 656, 1–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mariani, A.P. (1991). Synaptic organization of type 2 catccholamine amacrine cells in the rhesus monkey retina. Journal of Neurocytology 20, 332–342.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mariani, A.P., Kolb, H. & Nelson, R. (1984). Dopamine-containing amacrine cells of rhesus monkey retina parallel rods in spatial distribution. Brain Research 322, 1–7.Google Scholar
Mariani, A.P. & Hokoç, J.N. (1988). Two types of tyrosine-hydroxylase-immunorcactive amacrine cell in the rhesus monkey retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology 276, 81–91.Google Scholar
Martin, Pr. & Grünert, U. (1992). Spatial density and immunoreactivity of bipolar cells in the macaque monkey retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology 323, 269–287.Google Scholar
Müller, B. & Peichl, L. (1991). Morphology and distribution of catecholaminergic amacrine cells in the cone-dominated tree shrew retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology 308, 91–102.Google Scholar
Negishi, K., Teranishi, T. & Kato, S. (1989). The dopamine system of the teleost fish retina. Progress in Retinal Research 9, 1–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nguyen-Legros, J. (1988). Morphology and distribution of catecholamineneurons in mammalian retina. Progress in Retinal Research 7, 113–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nguyen-Legros, J., Moussafi, F. & Simon, A. (1990). Sclerally directed processes of dopaminergic interplexiform cells reach the outer nuclear layer in rat and monkey retina. Visual Neuroscience 4, 547–553.Google Scholar
Nguyen-Legros, J. & Savy, C. (1990). Spatial organization of the DA innervation in the primate's fovea. Proceedings of the International Society for Eye Research VI, 234.Google Scholar
Nguyen-Legros, J., Durand, J. & Simon, A. (1992). Catecholamine cell types in the human retina. Clinical Vision Science 7, 435–447.Google Scholar
Savy, C., Yelnik, J., Martin-Martinelli, E., Karpouzas, I. & Nguyenlegros, J. (1989). Distribution and spatial geometry of dopamine interplexiform cells in the rat retina: I. Developing retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology 289, 99–110.Google Scholar
Savy, C., Simon, A. & Nguyen-Legros, J. (1991). Spatial geometry of the dopamine innervation in the avascular area of the human fovea. Visual Neuroscience 7, 487–498.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Savy, C., Moussafi, F., Durand, J., Yelnik, J., Simon, A. & Nguyenlegros, J. (1995). Distribution and spatial geometry of dopamine interplexiform cells in the retina: II. External arborizations in the adult rat and monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology 355, 392–404.Google Scholar
Silveira, L.C.L., Picanço-Diniz, C.W., Sampaio, L.F.S & Oswaldo-Cruz, E. (1989). Retinal ganglion cell distribution in the cebus monkey: A comparison with the cortical magnification factors. Vision Research 29, 1471–1483.Google Scholar
Simon, A. & Nguyen-Legros, J. (1995). Are there dopaminergic ganglion cells in the mammalian retina? Neurochemistry International 27, 279–283.Google Scholar
Snodderly, D.M., Weinhaus, R.S. & Choi, J.C. (1992). Neural-vascular relationships in central retina of the macaque monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Journal of Neuroscience 12, 1169–1193.Google Scholar
Törk, I. & Stone, J. (1979). Morphology of catecholamine-containing amacrine cells in the cat's retina, as seen in retinal whole mounts. Brain Research 169, 261–273.Google Scholar
Vaney, D.I. (1990). The mosaic of amacrine cells in the mammalian retina. Progress in Retinal Research 10, 49–100.Google Scholar
Van Haesendonck, E., Marc, R.E. & Missotten, L. (1993). New aspects of dopaminergic interplexiform cell organization in the goldfish retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology 333, 503–518.Google Scholar
Vardi, N. & Auerbach, P. (1995). Specific cell types in cat retina express different forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase. Journal of Comparative Neurology 351, 374–384.Google Scholar
Versaux-Botteri, C., Simon, A., Vigny, A., & Nguyen-Legros, J. (1987). Existence d'une immunoréactivité au GABA dans les cellules amacrines dopaminergiques de la rétine de rat. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie Scientifique de Paris 305, 381–386.Google Scholar
Voigt, T. & Wässle, H. (1987). Dopaminergic innervation of All amacrine cells in mammalian retina. Journal of Neuroscience 7, 4115–4128.Google Scholar
Wang, H-H., Cuenca, N. & Kolb, H. (1990). Development of morphological types and distribution patterns of amacrine cells immunoreactive to tyrosine hydroxylase in the cat retina. Visual Neuroscience 4, 159–175.Google Scholar
Witkovsky, P., Stone, S. & Besharse, J. (1988). Dopamine modifies the balance of rod and cone inputs to horizontal cells of the Xenopus retina. Brain Research 449, 332–336.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yazulla, S. & Zucker, C. (1987). Further observations of dopaminergic interplexiform cells in goldfish retina. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Abstract) 28, 278.Google Scholar
Zaluar, M.P.G. & Hokoç, J.N. (1993). Morphology and distribution of TH-immunoreactive cells in the Cebus monkey retina. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 19, 116.Google Scholar