Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T07:31:51.882Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Aleister Crowley's Poetic Fin de Siècle: Swinburne's Legacy, Decadent Drag, and Spiritual Sex Magick

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 December 2021

Abstract

This article explores the extreme type of decadent eroticism that Aleister Crowley developed while an undergraduate at Cambridge in the later 1890s. The discussion focuses of Crowley's desire to appear as the main legatee of Algernon Charles Swinburne's poetry from the 1860s and 1870s. Especially significant here is Crowley's volume White Stains, which the maverick publisher Leonard Smithers issued in a privately circulated edition in 1898. In the 1920s, Crowley acknowledged that his sexual affair with Herbert Charles (“Jerome”) Pollitt was largely responsible for introducing him to the works of English and French decadent writers. Pollitt—who gained celebrity as an aesthete, art collector, and drag artist in fin de siècle Cambridge—became the major patron of Aubrey Beardsley. In 1910 Crowley acknowledged the legacy of Pollitt's decadent influence into the two concluding faux-ghazals that appear in The Scented Garden of Abdullah the Satirist of Shiraz, which is in part modeled upon Richard Burton's translation of The Perfumed Garden (1886), based on the fifteenth-century heteroerotic manual by Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Nefzawi. This 1910 volume, which celebrates sodomy through the voice of an imaginary seventeenth-century Persian poet, belongs to Crowley's established interest in taboo forms of erotic experience that relate to the occult rituals he practiced in relation to sex magick.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

Anonymous. “F.D.C.” Cambridge Review, December 5, 1895, 128–29.Google Scholar
Anonymous. “From Bad to Verse.” Saturday Review, September 16, 1899, 366–67.Google Scholar
Anonymous. “Full of Sound and Fury.” Pall Mall Gazette, October 17, 1899, 4.Google Scholar
Anonymous. “The Horrible in Art.” Leeds Times, June 8, 1895, 4.Google Scholar
Anonymous. Untitled. Evening Standard, September 12, 1885, 5.Google Scholar
Anonymous. “A Yellow Melancholy.” Speaker, April 28, 1894, 468–69.Google Scholar
Beardsley, Aubrey. The Letters of Aubrey Beardsley. Edited by Maas, Henry, Duncan, J. L., and Good, W. G.. London: Cassell, 1970.Google Scholar
Benson, Edward F. The Babe, B.A.: Being the Uneventful History of a Young Gentleman at Cambridge University. New York: G. P. Putnam's, 1896.Google Scholar
Boone, Joseph Allen. The Homoerotics of Orientalism. New York: Columbia University Press, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burton, Richard F.Terminal Essay.” In The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night: A Plain and Literal Translation of the Arabian Night Entertainments, translated and edited by Burton, 10:63260. n.p.: The Burton Club, 1885.Google Scholar
Churton, Tobias. Aleister Crowley, the Biography: Spiritual Revolutionary, Romantic Explorer, Occult Master—and Spy. London: Watkins, 2011.Google Scholar
Crowley, Aleister. Aceldama: A Place to Bury Strangers in—A Philosophical Poem by a Gentleman of the University of Cambridge. London: Privately printed, 1898.Google Scholar
Crowley, Aleister. The Confessions of Aleister Crowley: An Autohagiography. Edited by Symonds, John and Grant, Kenneth. Harmondsworth: Arkana / Penguin Books, 1989.Google Scholar
Crowley, Aleister. The Diary of a Drug Fiend. London: W. Collins, 1922.Google Scholar
Crowley, Aleister. Jephthah, and Other Mysteries: Lyrical and Dramatic. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner, 1899.Google Scholar
Crowley, Aleister. The Magical Diaries of To Mega Theorion, the Beast 666: Logos Aionos 1923. Edited by Skinner, Stephen. St. Helier, Jersey: Spearman, 1979.Google Scholar
Crowley, Aleister. The Scented Garden of Abdullah the Satirist of Shiraz: A Facsimile Edition. Edited by Starr, Martin P.. Chicago: Teitan Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Crowley, Aleister. White Stains. Edited by Symonds, John. London: Duckworth, 1997.Google Scholar
Hobbs, Steven. “Mr. Pollitt's Bookplate.” Book Collector 36 (1987): 518–30.Google Scholar
Kaczynski, Richard. Perdurabo: The Life of Aleister Crowley. 2nd ed. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books, 2010.Google Scholar
Krafft-Ebing, Richard von. Psychopathia Sexualis, with Especial Reference to Contrary Sexual Instinct: A Medico-Legal Study. Edited and translated by Chaddock, Charles Gilbert. 7th ed. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis, 1893.Google Scholar
Low, David. “With All Faults.” Tehran: Amate Press, 1973.Google Scholar
Marlow, Louis. Seven Friends. London: Richards Press, 1953.Google Scholar
“Og. Breal.” “A Loïe Pollitt.” Cambridge A.B.C. 3 (June 11, 1894): 56.Google Scholar
Owen, Alex. The Place of Enchantment: British Occultism and the Triumph of the Modern. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Psilopoulos, Dionysious. The Prophets and the Goddess: W. B. Yeats, Aleister Crowley, Ezra Pound and the Chthonic Esoteric Tradition. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2017.Google Scholar
Quilter, Harry. “The Gospel of Intensity.” Contemporary Review 67 (1895): 761–82.Google Scholar
Smith, Timothy d'Arch. “The Books of the Beast: Prolegomena to a Bibliography of Aleister Crowley.” In The Books of the Beast: Essays on Aleister Crowley, Montague Summers and Others, by d'Arch Smith, Timothy, 935. 2nd ed. n.p.: Mandrake, 1991.Google Scholar
Swinburne, Algernon Charles. Poems and Ballads. London: John Camden Hotten, 1866.Google Scholar
Swinburne, Algernon Charles. Poems and Ballads: Second Series. London: Chatto and Windus, 1878.Google Scholar
Swinburne, Algernon Charles. Songs before Sunrise. London: F. S. Ellis, 1871.Google Scholar
Urban, Hugh B. Magia Sexualis: Sex, Magic, and Liberation in Modern Western Esotericism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006.10.1525/9780520932883CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilde, Oscar. The Complete Letters of Oscar Wilde. Edited by Holland, Merlin and Hart-Davis, Rupert. London: Fourth Estate, 2000.Google Scholar
Zatlin, Linda Gertner. Aubrey Beardsley: A Catalogue Raisonné. 2 vols. Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016.Google Scholar