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¹⁸ ‘Droit des gens—Guerre Preventifs’, 1786?Google Scholar, UC xxv. 124Google Scholar (Bowring, , ii. 544).Google Scholar

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⁶² Villiers, to Bright, , [25 01 1848,]Google Scholar Bright Papers, BL Add. MS 43, 386, fo. 53; Villiers, to Cobden, , 30 12 1861Google Scholar, Cobden Papers 10, West Sussex R.O.

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⁷⁸ ‘Testimonies against War’, The Book of Peace: a Collection of Essays on War and Peace, Boston, 1845, pp. 7–8.Google Scholar See also Charles Sumner's address to the American Peace Society, 28 May 1849, ‘War System of the Commonwealth of Nations’, which mentions Bentham, 's ‘Plan for an Universal and Perpetual Peace’, Charles Sumner: His Complete Works, 20 vols., Boston, 1900, ii. 397–8.Google Scholar

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¹¹⁸ Ibid., cvi. 106–9 (12 June 1849).

¹¹⁹ Ibid., lxviii. 1159–60 (2 May 1843).

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¹³⁵ Ibid., n.s., v (1838), 328–31. Just before the publication of this particular piece, Tait had told John Hill Burton that he would like regularly to reproduce ‘an Extract or Extracts [from Bentham], relating to Subjects of present interest’. See John Hill Burton Papers, MS 9406, fos. 7–8, National Library of Scotland.

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¹⁵² Bowring, , x. 509.Google Scholar A similar sentiment had been expressed by Clarkson, Thomas in his Essay on the Doctrine and Practice of the Early Christians, as they Relate to War, London, 1817, p. 7Google Scholar, and W. E. Channing—with some of whose work Bowring was certainly familiar—in his Sermon on War, Boston, Mass., 1816, p. 3.Google Scholar Even so, there can be little doubt that the idea, and the form of its expression, came to Bowring from Bentham.

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