Using case studies of English county towns, this article contributes towards the creation of a geography of scientific culture in England, 1750–1850. It argues that although emulation of the metropolis was important, provincial scientific culture had its own distinctive identity often concentrated through the lens of county town sociability and associations. The second part analyses data on literary and scientific institutions from the 1851 census in order to determine whether county towns continued to retain their importance in scientific culture by the middle of the nineteenth century.

The aim of this article is to study how the Swedish cities Linköping and Norrköping treated new working-class suburbs during the period from 1860 to 1890, by looking at the extension of piped water supply. The author concludes that working-class suburbs were located in poor, geographically unfavourable and unsanitary places, to which extensions of water could be technically demanding and expensive, which led to frequent urban inability or unwillingness to help. It is also suggested that by denying water cities separated spatially between city and suburb, thereby underlining already existing environmental and even spatial injustice between the two.

This article examines the level of expenditure on health care provision in English and Welsh county boroughs during the inter-war period. It focuses in particular on key individual services such as maternity and child welfare to show that while there was a general trend to increased municipal health care expenditure, when this is disaggregated significant variations emerge between services, between boroughs and over time. It is argued that such analysis is of itself revealing, previously neglected and necessary for further qualitative analysis of the as yet little understood inter-war municipal medicine sector.

The idea that professional football clubs and their supporters are material and cultural expressions of the local has assumed axiomatic status in the academic literature without anything like the depth of empirical evidence that might be expected. Moreover, social trends and changes in the organization of professional football have gone some way to severing these sorts of links between football clubs and their localities. This article presents detailed historical evidence of the complex and multiple local identities surrounding the production and consumption of professional football in Portsmouth, England, in the late 1940s and early 1950s – a period commonly regarded as the ‘golden age’ of football in Britain.

The concept of community is frequently used to describe urban ethnic minority groups. What this term actually means to the community members themselves, however, is often left unexplored. Using interviews undertaken with Italian and Greek-Cypriot residents of Leicester, this article analyses how the notion of community is recognized, understood and projected from within. Key findings include the observation that the discussion of community is framed in very particular ways, both historically and spatially; that the concept of community is used as a metaphor for the expression of wider issues of urban ownership and belonging; and that ultimately the real essence of community lies less in the significance of physical structures and more in a series of fluid social interactions, underpinned by a shared code of cultural norms and values.

The reimagining of Beiping – now ‘Beijing’ – reveals the limits of community in early twentieth-century China. Despite the centrality of the crowd to the imagining, construction and management of other Chinese cities, and despite an emerging local advocacy of ‘revitalization’ for Beiping and the Beiping crowd, literary and official understandings of the city that marginalized the mass of Beiping residents remained dominant, highlighting the tension between symbol and community in the construction of place and nation.