¹ It is common to label the immediate post-war period, running until anything from the early 1950s to 1960, as ‘reconstruction’ or ‘rebuilding’, the subsequent period until the late 1970s is then seen distinctly as ‘renewal’, although these are not uniform usages. As John Gold has observed, the post-war was a period when the ‘re’ prefix (adding regeneration, redevelopment, replanning, remaking etc.) flourished. J. Gold, ‘British urban renewal, 1951–1970’, paper given at The Transformations of Urban Britain since 1945 conference, University of Leicester, 9 Jul. 2013. Here, I have generally favoured ‘redevelopment’ as a catch-all term for the collection of town planning and infrastructural development projects that broadly took place after World War II.

² Recent publications illustrating the still-vibrant interest in this subject include Clark, J. and Wright, V., ‘Urban regeneration in Glasgow: looking to the past to build the future? The case of the “New Gorbals”’, in Clark, J. and Wise, N. (eds.), Urban Renewal, Community and Participation (London, 2018), 45–70CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Flinn, C., Rebuilding Britain's Blitzed Cities: Hopeful Dreams, Stark Realities (London, 2018)Google Scholar; Greenhalgh, J., Reconstructing Modernity: Space, Power and Governance in Mid-Twentieth-Century British Cities (Manchester, 2018)Google Scholar; Smith, O. Saumarez, ‘Central government and town centre redevelopment, 1959–1966’, Historical Journal, 58 (2015), 217–44CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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⁸ A. Kefford, ‘Constructing the affluent citizen: state, space the individual in post-war Britian: 1945–79’, University of Manchester Ph.D. thesis, 2015; O. Saumarez Smith, ‘Planning, politics and central area redevelopment, circa 1963’, University of Cambridge Ph.D. thesis, 2015.

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¹⁷ Ibid., 254.

¹⁸ Ibid., 179–87.

¹⁹ Ibid., 182.

²⁰ S. Mass, ‘At the heart of the city: the battle for British marketplaces, c. 1925–1979’, University of Michigan Ph.D. thesis, 2018.

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²³ CIAM (Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne), was formed in June 1928 by 28 European architects to promote modern architecture as a social art. CIAM was highly influential in the formulation of post-war planning doctrines, especially through the 1933 Athens Charter in which they outlined the principles of zoning, rehousing and traffic flow as central to creating a functional city. The MARS (Modern Architectural Research) group was founded in 1933 becoming an influential British architectural think tank. It is best remembered for its series of plans for London. See Gold, J., ‘The MARS plans for London, 1933–1942’, Town Planning Review, 66 (1995), 243–67CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Mumford, E., The CIAM Discourse on Urbanisms, 1929–1960 (Cambridge, MA, 2002)Google Scholar.

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³¹ Ibid., 314.

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³⁶ Kefford, ‘Constructing the affluent citizen’, 112–18, and ch. 2 more generally.

³⁷ Ibid., 39.

³⁸ Parker, ‘Making the city mobile’, 229.

³⁹ Davis, J. ‘Reshaping the welfare state? Voluntary action and community in London 1960–1975’, in Goldman, L. (ed.), Welfare and Social Policy in Britain since 1870. Essays in Honour of Jose Harris (Oxford, 2019), 197–212CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Davis, J., ‘Community and the Labour left in 1970s London’, in Williams, C. and Edwards, A. (eds.), The Art of the Possible: Politics and Governance in Modern British History, 1985–1997: Essays in Memory of Duncan Tanner (Manchester, 2015), 207–23Google Scholar; Shapely, P., Deprivation, State Interventions and Urban Communities in Britain, 1968–79 (Abingdon, 2018)Google Scholar.

⁴⁰ D. Ellis, ‘Pavement politics: community action in Leeds, c. 1960–1990’, University of York Ph.D. thesis, 2015.

⁴¹ Ibid., 18.

⁴² On the reformulation of the British working classes as consumers, see Offer, A., ‘British manual workers: from producers to consumers, c. 1950–2000’, Contemporary British History, 22 (2008), 537–71CrossRefGoogle Scholar. On citizens as consumers of welfare, etc., see M. Hilton, ‘The Birmingham Consumer's Group and affluent Britain’, in Black and Pemberton (eds.), An Affluent Society?, 167–84; Shapely, P., The Politics of Housing: Power, Consumers and Urban Culture (Manchester, 2007)Google Scholar.

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