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Introduction: markets in modernization: transformations in urban market space and practice, c. 1800 – c. 1970

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2015

JON STOBART
Affiliation:
Department of History, Manchester Metropolitan University, All Saints Building, All Saints, Manchester, M15 6BH, UK
ILJA VAN DAMME
Affiliation:
Department of History, University of Antwerp, Stadscampus, Grote Kauwenberg 18, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium

Extract

This special issue addresses the changing role and later history of physical, face-to-face markets for goods, which in modern cities all over the world are mainly or wholly used by individuals and families for consumption purposes. Our focus is on the urban market as a specific urban place and its shifting relationship with important alterations in the governance, society and economy of modern, industrial cities (until c. 1970). The main intention of this collection is to move beyond traditional (western) views of the so-called ‘decline’ of these urban marketplaces. In the history and theorization of the type of cities that came into being all over the world in the wake of economic and political transformations in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, ‘markets’ are usually thought of in terms of their institutional meaning. They are referred to as abstract notions of commerce and exchange, be it in commodities, labour, cash or shares. Seldom are they studied as real, physical marketplaces within cities; as entities that take up space; function in changing production and distribution chains and evolve as a result of changes in wholesaling, retailing, consumption and the political regulation of urban space, society and economy. Indeed, it is often argued that ‘marketplaces’ in this spatially delimited and concrete sense ceased to be of importance once modernization took hold of urban landscapes all over the world. That this is not the case is amply demonstrated by the articles gathered here: markets continued to be vibrant parts of a wide variety of towns and cities across the globe.

Type
Introduction
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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References

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9 Ibid., 1214. Weber does not go so far as to claim that the marketplace is the only element of urbanity, giving, for instance, attention to the ‘fort’ as political centre, being equally crucial to medieval urban development. In many ways, the regulations enforced by the ‘fort’ were ways of countering urban market failures from food shortages to health issues. See, for instance, Beresford, M.W., New Towns of the Middle Ages: Town Plantation in England, Wales and Gascony (London, 1967)Google Scholar, and, more recently, Blockmans, W., Metropolen aan de Noordzee. Geschiedenis van Nederland, 1100–1555 (Amsterdam, 2010)Google Scholar, on strategies of urban promotion by feudal superiors in order to create marketplaces, almost invariably as sources of income.

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21 Ibid., 11 and 14.

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36 This is apparent in the works of such diverse thinkers as Walter Benjamin (Passagenwerk/The Arcades Project, 1927–940), Jürgen Habermas (Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit/The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, 1962), Michel Foucault (Surveiller et Punier/Discipline and Punish, 1972) and, most recently, Richard Sennett (The Fall of Public Man, 1977).

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