No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Slavery in colonial New York City*
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 December 2008
Extract
Manhattan's landscape contains few material reminders of its colonial past. Traces of the Native Americans who frequented the island, the Dutch who planted New Amsterdam at its tip and the various European and African peoples who populated the city renamed New York by the English in 1664 are few and far between. Though the obliteration of the tangible remains of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century city dwellers speeded the transformation of Manhattan into a vibrant twentieth-century metropolis, the dearth of visible signs of this era has complicated historians' efforts to fabricate enduring images of the men and women of this early urban society. Their stories, though dutifully rehearsed by schoolbook writers and museum curators, have rarely become etched in memory.
- Type
- Review Essay
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008
References
1 For an overview of the archaeological investigation, see Cantwell, Anne-Marie and Wall, Diana diZerega, Unearthing Gotham: The Archaeology of New York City (New Haven, 2001), 277–94Google Scholar.
2 Bogart, Michelle H., ‘Public space and public memory in New York's City Hall Park’, Journal of Urban History, 25 (1999) 226–57CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
3 For evaluations of the exhibit, see Faherhy, Duncan, ‘“It happened here”: slavery on the Hudson’, American Quarterly, 58 (2006), 455–66CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Chmielewski, Laura M., exhibition review of ‘Slavery in New York’, Journal of American History, 94 (2007), 203–9Google Scholar.
4 Scott, Kenneth, ‘The slave insurrection in New York in 1712’, New York Historical Society Quarterly, 45 (1961), 43–74Google Scholar.
5 McManus, Edgar J., A History of Slavery in New York (Syracuse, NY, 1966)Google Scholar.
6 Horsmanden, Daniel, The New York Conspiracy, ed. Davis, Thomas J. (Boston, MA, 1971)Google Scholar.
7 Vivienne L. Kruger, ‘Born to run: the slave family in Early New York’, Columbia University, Ph.D. dissertation, 1985.
8 Berlin, Ira, Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America (Cambridge, MA, 1998)Google Scholar; Berlin, Ira, ‘From creole to African: Atlantic creoles and origins of African-American society in mainland North America’, William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd series, 53 (1996), 251–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Hodges, Graham Russell, Root and Branch: African Americans in New York and East Jersey, 1613–1863 (Chapel Hill, NC, 1999)Google Scholar. For an example of the new focus on African Americans, see Goodfriend, Joyce D., ‘The souls of African American children: New Amsterdam’, Common-Place: The Interactive Journal of Early American Life, 3 (Jul. 2003) [www.common-place.org]Google Scholar.
9 Wilder, Craig Steven, In the Company of Black Men: The African Influence on African American Culture in New York City (New York, 2001)Google Scholar; Stuckey, Sterling, ‘African spirituality and cultural practice in colonial New York, 1700–1770’, in Pestana, Carla Gardina and Salinger, Sharon V. (eds.), Inequality in Early America (Hanover and London, 1999), 160–81Google Scholar; Rucker, Walter, The River Flows On: Black Resistance, Culture, and Identity Formation in Early America (Baton Rouge, 2006)Google Scholar; Medford, Edna Greene, The New York African Burial Ground: History Final Report (Washington, DC, 2004)Google Scholar.
10 On Pinkster, see Hodges, Root and Branch, and White, Shane, ‘“It was a proud day”: African Americans, festivals, and parades in the north, 1741–1834’, Journal of American History, 81 (1994), 13–50CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
11 Horsmanden, The New York Conspiracy, ed. Davis.
12 Bonomi, Patricia U., A Factious People: Politics and Society in Colonial New York (New York and London, 1971)Google Scholar.
13 Goodfriend, Joyce D., Before the Melting Pot: Society and Culture in Colonial New York City, 1664–1739 (Princeton, 1992)Google Scholar.
14 Burrows, Edwin G. and Wallace, Mike, Gotham: A History of Manhattan to 1898 (New York, 1999)Google Scholar.
15 For one Dutch family's encounter with slavery, see Bankoff, H. Arthur and Winter, Frederick A., ‘The archaeology of slavery at the Van Cortlandt plantation in the Bronx’, International Journal for Historical Archaeology, 9 (2005), 291–318CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
16 On Neau, see Goodfriend, Before the Melting Pot, 126–31; Butler, John, The Huguenots in America: A Refugee People in New World Society (Cambridge, MA, 1983), 161–5, 168–9Google Scholar; Cohen, Sheldon S., ‘Elias Neau, instructor to New York's slaves’, New York Historical Society Quarterly, 55 (1971), 7–27Google Scholar.
17 On the relations between German Lutherans and African American New Yorkers, see Hodges, Graham Russell, ‘The pastor and the prostitute: sexual power among African Americans and Germans in colonial New York’, in Hodes, Martha (ed.), Sex, Love, Race: Crossing Boundaries in North American History (New York, 1999), 60–71Google Scholar.
18 On New York City's slave mariners, see Foy, Charles R., ‘Seeking freedom in the Atlantic world’, Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 4 (2006), 46–77CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
19 Simon Middleton's From Privileges to Rights: Work and Politics in Colonial New York City (Philadelphia, 2006); Linebaugh, Peter and Rediker, Marcus, The Many-Headed Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, Commoners, and the Hidden History of the Revolutionary Atlantic (Boston, MA, 2001)Google Scholar.
20 Misevich, Philip, ‘In pursuit of human cargo: Philip Livingston and the voyage of the Sloop Rhode Island’, New York History, 86 (2005), 185–204Google Scholar; Hershkowitz, Leo, ‘Anatomy of a slave voyage, 1721’, de Halve Maen, 76 (2003), 45–51Google Scholar.
21 The first comprehensive treatment of the conspiracy was Davis, Thomas J., A Rumor of Revolt: The ‘Great Negro Plot’ in Colonial New York (New York, 1985)Google Scholar. Recent works on the topic are Hoffer, Peter, The Great New York Conspiracy of 1741: Slavery, Crime, and Colonial Law (Lawrence, KA, 2003)Google Scholar; Zabin, Serena R. (ed.), The New York Conspiracy Trials of 1741 (Boston, MA, 2004)Google Scholar; Plaag, Eric W., ‘“Greater guilt than theirs”: New York's 1741 slave conspiracy in a climate of fear and anxiety’, New York History, 84 (2003), 275–99Google Scholar; and Bond, Richard E., ‘Shaping a conspiracy: black testimony in the 1741 New York plot’, Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 5 (Spring 2007), 63–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
22 Gellman, David N., Emancipating New York: The Politics of Slavery and Freedom 1777–1827 (Baton Rouge, 2006)Google Scholar.
23 On patrician histories of New York City, see Hood, Clifton, ‘Journeying to “Old New York”: elite New Yorkers and their invention of an idealized city history in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries’, Journal of Urban History, 28 (2002), 699–719CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
24 Valentine, David T., History of the City of New York (New York, 1853), 276Google Scholar.
25 Dunshee, Henry Webb, The Knickerbocker's Address to the Stuyvesant Pear Tree: Respectfully Dedicated to the Knickerbockers of Manhattan Island ([New York], [1857?]), 6Google Scholar.
26 Walt Whitman, ‘Broadway the Magnificent’, an 1857 essay, quoted in Loving, Jerome, Walt Whitman: The Song of Himself (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1999), 7Google Scholar.
27 Johnson, James Weldon, Black Manhattan (New York, 1930)Google Scholar.
28 Northrup, A. Judd, Slavery in New York: A Historical Sketch (Albany, 1900), 245Google Scholar.