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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 October 2014
10 New York, NY (US), 9 May 1992, in force 21 Mar. 1994, available at: http://unfccc.int.
11 For a recent collection of essays on the fragmentation of international law see M.A. Young (ed), Regime Interaction in International Law: Facing Fragmentation (Cambridge University Press, 2012). See also H. van Asselt, ‘Book Review Essay: Pluralism, Informality and Transnational Environmental Law’ (2014) 3(1) Transnational Environmental Law, pp. 179–89.
12 ILC, ‘Fragmentation of International Law: Difficulties Arising from the Diversification and Expansion of International Law’, Report of the Study Group of the ILC, UN Doc. A/CN.4/L.682, 13 Apr. 2006.
13 K. Annan, ‘Foreword’, in UN, A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility, Report of the Secretary-General’s High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change (United Nations, 2004), at p. vii.
14 ILC, n. 12 above, at p. 245.
15 See, e.g., J. Pauwelyn, ‘Fragmentation’, in R. Wolfrum (ed), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (Oxford University Press, 2008), available at: http://www.mpepil.com.
16 International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), Ireland v. United Kingdom (ITLOS MOX Plant Case), available at: http://www.itlos.org/fileadmin/itlos/documents/cases/case_no_10/Order.03.12.01.E.pdf; and Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), Ireland v. United Kingdom (OSPAR MOX Plant Arbitration), available at: http://www.pca-cpa.org/showpage.asp?pag_id=1158).
17 Montego Bay (Jamaica), 10 Dec. 1982, in force 16 Nov. 1994, available at: http://www.un.org/depts/los.
18 Paris (France), 22 Sept. 1992, in force 25 Mar. 1998, available at: http://www.ospar.org.
19 Order No. 3 of the UNCLOS Annex VII Arbitral Tribunal on Suspension of Proceedings on Jurisdiction and Merits, and Request for Further Provisional Measures, 24 June 2003, available at: http://www.pca-cpa.org/showfile.asp?fil_id=81.
20 See, generally, A. Lang, ‘The Role of the International Court of Justice in a Context of Fragmentation’ (2013) 62(4) International and Comparative Law Quarterly, pp. 777–812; S. Beck & E. Burleson, ‘Inside the System, Outside the Box: Palau’s Pursuit of Climate Justice and Security at the United Nations’ (2014) 3(1) Transnational Environmental Law, pp. 17–29.
21 Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), 5 June 1992, in force 29 Dec. 1993, available at: http://www.cbd.int.
22 Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC, Kyoto (Japan), 11 Dec. 1997, in force 16 Feb. 2005, available at: http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php.
23 E.g., M.W. Wara & D.G. Victor, ‘A Realistic Policy on International Carbon Offsets’ (2008) Program on Energy and Sustainable Development Working Paper #74, available online at: http://pesd.fsi.stanford.edu/publications/a_realistic_policy_on_international_carbon_offsets.