^{page 101 note 1} New Zealand is excluded from this paper. It was the most important island group occupied by the Polynesian peoples of the South Pacific; but it raises special issues. The Melanesian islands, with their more primitive peoples, are also excluded, except for Fiji, the principal point of contact between Melanesian and Polynesian. It is for these reasons of space and ethnology that Church of England missions are excluded and Roman Catholic missions touched only incidentally.

^{page 102 note 1} Instructions to Capt. Wilson (5 August 1796): Wilson, W., A Missionary Voyage to the South Pacific Ocean … inthe Ship ‘Duff’ (London, 1799), pp. xcii ffGoogle Scholar.

^{page 102 note 2} Log of the ‘Bounty’, ed. Rutter, Owen (London, 1936), ii. 28Google Scholar.

^{page 102 note 3} Wilson, , A Missionary voyage, p. 73Google Scholar.

^{page 102 note 4} Journal, 18 June 1800: Transactions of the [London] Missionary Society, i (2nd ed., London, 1804), p. 183Google Scholar.

^{page 102 page 5} Letter from Rev. J. Jefferson (8 July 1802); ibid., ii. 119.

^{page 103 note 1} Quoted by Lovett, R., History of the London Missionary Society, 1795–1895 (London, 1899), i. 197Google Scholar. Ellis, , who knew Pomare, gives in Polynesian Researches, ii. 526ffGoogle Scholar., an interesting sketch of his character.

^{page 103 note 2} Ellis, W., Polynesian researches (London, 1829), i. 252Google Scholar.

^{page 104 note 1} Ellis, W., History of the LondonMissionary Society (London, 1844), i. 223Google Scholar.

^{page 104 note 2} Martin, K. L. P., Missionaries and annexation in the Pacific (Oxford, 1924), p. 15Google Scholar. Cf. Benians, E. A. in C.H.B.E., vii, part i, p. 332Google Scholar.

^{page 104 note 3} Wilson, W., A Missionary voyage, p. 102Google Scholar. D'Urville, Dumont in his Voyage de la corvette l'Astrolabe (Paris, 1832), iv. 94Google Scholar, says this chief was Tui Haatakalaua, deriving his information from Mariner's companion Singleton, still in the islands. The contemporary missionaries mention his name Mumui) but not his title.

^{page 105 note 1} Transactions of the Missionary Society, i (2nd edition, London, 1804), p. 281Google Scholar.

^{page 105 note 2} Mariner, W., An account of the natives of the Tonga Islands (London, 1817), i. 67–8Google Scholar. His account of the fate of the missionaries is full of inaccuracies, but the chief's statement is substantially borne out by other evidence.

^{page 105 note 3} Journal of Lawry (29 Nov. 1822): Missionary Notices (1823), pp. 99–100.

^{page 106 note 1} Farmer, Sarah S., Tonga and the Friendly Islands (London, 1855), p. 190Google Scholar. Miss Farmer, a relative of the Treasurer of the Wesleyan Missionary Society, clearly made use of its records.

^{page 106 note 2} Rev. N. Turner's Diary: quoted by Bays, P., A narrative of the wreck of the ‘Minerva’Whaler of Port Jackson (Cambridge, 1831), p. 128Google Scholar.

^{page 107 note 1} RevWest, T., Ten years in South Central Polynesia (London, 1865), pp. 357–9Google Scholar. Cf. Missionary Notices, vii (1829), p. 182Google Scholar.

^{page 107 note 2} Quoted by West, , op. cit., p. 364Google Scholar.

^{page 108 note 1} Peter Vi's Narrative: West, , op. cit., p. 367Google Scholar. The lotu, a Tongan word often adopted by the missionaries, was Christianity. The term also came into use in other groups.

^{page 108 note 2} Quoted in Report of the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society for the year ending December 1828, p. 139.

^{page 108 note 3} West, , op. cit., p. 162Google Scholar.

^{page 109 note 1} West, , op. cit., p. 264Google Scholar. Many years afterwards another missionary noted that ‘the whole of the chapels in this District are built free of expense to the Society, and are the property of the Chiefs who build them’: Wesleyan Missionary Notices (1856), p. 172.

^{page 109 note 2} RevCargill, D., Memoir of Mrs. Margaret Cargill (London, 1841), p. 44Google Scholar.

^{page 109 note 3} RevCargill, D., A refutation of Chevalier Dillon's slanderous attacks on the Wesleyan Missionaries in the Friendly Is. (London, 1842), p. 7Google Scholar.

^{page 110 note 1} West, , op. cit., p. 291Google Scholar. There is much interesting material about the struggle in the periodical Wesleyan Missionary Notices, and something in the Annales de la Propagation de la Foi, but it does not cover this point.

^{page 110 note 2} Report of the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society for the year ending April 1853, p. 37. This was not the end of French pressure; but George had gained his immediate point.

^{page 111 note 1} On both groups see Williamson, R. W., The social and political systems of Central Polynesia (3 vols., Cambridge, 1924)Google Scholar. This is not, however, the last word on the subject. Some of the evidence used by Williamson may be biased, and there must be much relevant material in the mission archives.

^{page 112 note 1} Williams, John, Narrative of missionary enterprise in the South Sea Islands (London, 1837), pp. 327–8Google Scholar: part quoted by Masterman, Sylvia, The origins of international rivalry in Samoa, 1845–1884 (London, 1934), P. 36Google Scholar.

^{page 112 note 2} Williams, , op. cit,, p. 334–5Google Scholar.

^{page 113 note 1} Ibid., pp. 433.

^{page 113 note 2} Ibid., p. 416.

^{page 113 note 3} The Missionary Magazine and Chronicle, August 1837.

^{page 114 note 1} RevTurner, G., Nineteen years in Polynesia (London, 1861), p. 305Google Scholar.

^{page 114 note 2} See Henderson, G. C., The Journal ofThomas Williams, 1840–1853 and Fiji and the Fijians, 1835–1856 (Sydney, 1931)Google Scholar, works of fine scholarship and great insight.

^{page 114 note 3} Hunt, J., Memoir of the Rev. William Cross (London, 1846), p. 73Google Scholar.

^{page 115 note 1} Ratu is the Fijian word for chief.

^{page 115 note 2} RevWaterhouse, J., The king and people of Fiji (London, 1866), p. 70Google Scholar.

^{page 115 note 3} RevCargill, D., Memoir of Mrs. Margaret Cargill, p. 150Google Scholar.

^{page 115 note 4} Journal of Thomas Williams, i. 305.

^{page 116 note 1} The Friendly and Feejee Islands: a missionary visit in the year 1847 (London, 1850), p. 54Google Scholar. The missionaries' attitude to war was also an issue for a time in Tonga, : Wesleyan Missionary Notices (1853), pp. 35–6Google Scholar.

^{page 117 note 1} These paragraphs are based on Waterhouse, West, and Henderson, opp. citt. I find it hard, however, to accept Henderson's suggestion that George's intervention was arranged with Thakombau on his first visit. Did it altogether suit Thakombau's book ?

^{page 117 note 2} Quarterly Chronicle of Transactions of theLondon Missionary Society, i (1821), 305Google Scholar.

^{page 118 note 1} Letter to the Directors from the Missionaries at Papeotai in Eimeo (2 July 1817): ibid., p. 228.

^{page 118 note 2} History of the London Missionary Society, i. 325.

^{page 118 note 3} George, had promulgated a code at Vavau as early as1840: Wesleyan Missionary Notices (1841), pp. 282–3, 490Google Scholar.

^{page 119 note 1} Bulu, Joel, The Autobiography of a native minister in the South Seas (2nd ed., London, 1884)Google Scholar. The book is not strictly an autobiography: but ‘the chief events are given in his own words, which the Translator carefully noted down after many conversations’.

^{page 119 note 2} Journal of Thomas Williams, ii. 322–3.

^{page 120 note 1} Polynesian Researches, ii. 322–3.