No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Social Condition of England during the Wars of the Roses
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 February 2009
Extract
The social life of the inhabitants of England during the years of strife which brought about the destruction of the feudal nobility, gave to the middle class a new position in the State, and freed the serf from the shackles of bondage, has been for some time past a subject of peculiar interest to the student of English history. If we desire to gain an accurate knowledge of the social habits and customs prevalent during this period of political disturbance, we cannot do better than direct our attention towards that part of the country which was the least affected by the contest between the Houses of York and Lancaster, the eastern district of England, which since the days of King John had enjoyed a remarkable immunity from civil war. Here the powerful lords of the North and South found little support; the vast estates of the old feudal barons were broken up into numerous independent manors. Moreover the arts of peace, in the shape of the mysteries of trade, manufactures, and commerce, widely flourished among the inhabitants of these regions.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1900
References
page 161 note 1 Proofs of Age, 38–39 Henry VI., No. 74.
page 161 note 2 The Chronicle of John Stone, Publications of Camb. Antiq. Soc., No. xxxiv., p. 44, publ. 1902Google Scholar.
page 161 note 3 Sacramental Fonts, by Alf. Fryer, F.S.A.
page 162 note 1 The Chronicle of John Stone, p. 87.
page 162 note 2 Proofs of Age, 38–39 Hen. VI., No. 75.
page 163 note 1 Proofs of Age, 15 Edw. IV., No. 66; 22 Edw. IV., No. 58.
page 163 note 2 Paston Letters, vol. ii. p. 72.
page 163 note 3 Gaol Delivery Rolls, 7 Edw. IV., Ipswich Corporation Records.
page 164 note 1 Visitation of the Norwich Diocese, 1492–1522, p. 54.
page 165 note 1 Stow, , London under Elizabeth, Carisbrooke Library edition p. 100Google Scholar.
page 165 note 2 Ipswich Wills, Probate Office, book ii., fol. 130.
page 166 note 1 Ipswich Wills, book ii., fol. 249.
page 166 note 2 Ipswich General Court Books, Hen. V.-Ric. III., fol. 406a, Brit. Museum.
page 167 note 1 Hook, , Lives of the Archbishops, vol. v. p. 232Google Scholar.
page 167 note 2 Chronicle of John Stone, p. 90.
page 167 note 3 Chancery Proceedings, temp. Edw. IV., Bundle 27, No. 243.
page 168 note 1 Ipswich General Court Book, 1 Ric. III., Brit. Museum.
page 168 note 2 Middle Ages, vol. iii. p. 371.
page 169 note 1 P. 141.
page 169 note 2 Cely Letters, pp. xliv and 103, Royal Historical Society's Publication (Camden, Third Series), vol. i.Google Scholar
page 170 note 1 Cely Letters, p. 59.
page 170 note 2 York and Lancaster, vol. ii. p. 437.
page 170 note 3 Paston Letters, vol. ii. p. 233.
page 171 note 1 Chancery Proceedings, Bundle 15, No. 157.
page 171 note 2 Stow, , London under Elizabeth, p. 135Google Scholar.
page 171 note 3 Manorial Court Rolls, Hen. IV.-Hen. VIII.
page 172 note 1 Proofs of Age, 38–39 Hen. VI., No. 77.
page 172 note 2 Ipswich Great Court Book, 25 Hen. VI.
page 173 note 1 Chancery Proceedings, temp. Edw. IV., Bundle 15, No. 165.
page 173 note 2 Gaol Deliveries, temp. Edw. IV., Record Office.
page 174 note 1 Claim touching Privileges of the Borough, Ipswich Corporation Records.
page 174 note 2 Great Court Book, Ipswich Corporation Records, 1 Ric. III.
page 174 note 3 Hauf, Das Wirtshaus im Spessart.
page 175 note 1 Subsidy Roll, 
.
page 175 note 2 Subsidy Rolls, 
.
page 176 note 1 Paston Letters, vol. ii. p. 224, Statute 17 Edw. IV., c. 4.
page 177 note 1 Palgrave, , Antient Kalendars &c. of the Exchequer, p. 172Google Scholar.
page 177 note 2 Paston Letters, vol. ii. p. 266.
page 178 note 1 Parker, , History of Long Melford, p. 44Google Scholar.
page 179 note 1 London under Elizabeth, p. 186.
page 179 note 2 Paston Letters, vol. iii. p. 233.
page 180 note 1 Ramsay, , York and Lancaster, p. 427Google Scholar.
page 180 note 2 Chancery Proceedings, temp. Edw. IV., Bundle 35, No. 38.
page 180 note 3 Ibid. Bundle 27, No. 428.
page 181 note 1 Paston Letters, vol. i. p. 477.
page 182 note 1 Tymms, , Bury Wills, p. 34Google Scholar.
page 183 note 1 Ipswich Wills, Book iii. fol. 5.
page 183 note 2 Report of Royal Commission on Historical MSS., vol. ix. p. 134.
page 183 note 3 London under Elizabeth, p. 113.
page 183 note 4 Chronicle of John Stone, p. 99.
page 183 note 5 Ibid. p. 110.
page 183 note 6 ‘The Shipemannes Tale,’ ll. 13135-
page 184 note 1 Visitation of Diocese of Norwich, 1492–1532, p. 46.
page 184 note 2 Chronicle of John Stone, p. 110.
page 184 note 3 Ibid. p. 99.
page 184 note 4 A C. Mety Tales, Hazlitt's edition.
page 185 note 1 Gaol Deliveries, Ipswich Corporation Records, temp. Ric. III.
page 185 note 2 Report of Royal Commission on Historical MSS., vol. ix., Pt. I. p. 144.
page 186 note 1 General Court Books, 24 Hen. IV.-12 Edw. IV.
page 187 note 1 Sudbury Court Rolls, 14 Edw. IV., Record Office.
page 188 note 1 Chancery Proceedings, Bundle 27, No. 390.
page 188 note 2 Paston Letters, vol. ii. p. 193.
page 189 note 1 Chancery Proceedings, Bundle 15, No. 187.
page 189 note 2 Ibid. Bundle 27, No. 428.
page 189 note 3 Ibid. No. 338.
page 189 note 4 Gaol Deliveries, 12 Edw. IV., Record Office.
page 189 note 5 London under Elizabeth, p. 200.
page 189 note 6 Note F.
page 189 note 7 Bundle 15, No. 197.
page 190 note 1 Chancery Proceedings, Bundle 33, No. 152.
page 190 note 2 Bright, , Mediæval Monarchy, pp. 353, 354Google Scholar.
page 190 note 3 Gaol Deliveries, temp. Edward IV.
page 190 note 4 Sudbury Court Rolls, 14 Edward IV., Record Office.
page 191 note 1 Paston Letters, vol. ii. p. 156.
page 191 note 2 Robertson, , History of the Christian Church, vol. viii. p. 367Google Scholar.
page 191 note 3 Ipswich Wills, Book ii., fol. 251.
page 191 note 4 Sutton, Manor Rolls, Hen. VI.-Hen. VIII.
page 193 note 1 Chronicle of John Stone, p. 108.
page 193 note 2 Gairdner, , Letters and Papers illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III. and Henry VII. pp. 95, 236Google Scholar.
page 193 note 3 Chronicle of John Stone, pp. 67, 93, 117
page 194 note 1 Palgrave, Antient Inventories of the Exchequer, 20 Edw. IV.
page 194 note 2 Cely Letters, p. 113.
page 194 note 3 Report of Royal Commission on Historical MSS. vol. ix. Pt. I. p. 144.
page 195 note 1 Hook, , Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury, vol. V p. 232Google Scholar.
page 195 note 2 York and Lancaster, vol. ii. p. 285.
page 195 note 3 Manor Rolls, temp. Ed. IV., Record Office.
page 196 note 1 London under Elizabeth, p. 329.
page 196 note 2 See also Hook, , Lives of the Archbishops, vol. v. p. 239Google Scholar.
page 198 note 1 Vol. ix. Pt. I. p. 144.