^{page 137 note 1} Mémoire sur les causes de la dissidence entre l' Eglise bretonne et l' Eglise romaine. Published in the Mémoires présentés par divers savants à l' Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres. Paris, 1858: pp. 165–205 deal with double monasteriesGoogle Scholar.

^{page 137 note 2} Moines d' Occident, ii. 355.

^{page 137 note 3} Œuvres, iv. 120.

^{page 137 note 4} Remains, p. 277.

^{page 137 note 5} Beda, , Hist. Eccles. iii. iv. p. 317Google Scholar.

^{page 137 note 6} La Gaule Mérovingienne, p. 139.

^{page 138 note 1} Corp. Jur. Civ. (Krueger, ), Codex I. iii. 43Google Scholar.

^{page 138 note 2} The word has also been applied to the twin monasteries of men, such as Wearmouth and Jarrow, in which the bond of union was spiritual (Beda, Vit. Abbat.), or to such as Cassiodorus' Viviers with Castellium, in which only monks who had been trained in the first and had shown themselves of peculiar merit were admitted to the second. Mabillon, , Annales, i. 125Google Scholar.

^{page 139 note 1} See Amélineau, Etude Historique sur S. Pachome d'aprés les monuments coptes, who accepts it. Cf. also his Vie de Schnoudi, who governed 2,200 men and 1,800 women.

^{page 139 note 2} Vit. Pachom. c. 28, in Migne's, Pat. Lixt. Ixxiii. col. 248Google Scholar.

^{page 140 note 1} The nuns of Barking, after the plague had ravaged the male side of the house, prepared for themselves a separate burial ground. Beda, , Hist. Eccles. iv. 7Google Scholar.

^{page 140 note 2} The chief passages are Reg. brev. capit. 108–111, 104, 154, 220; Reg. Fits. Tract., Nov. 15, 33; Migne, Pair. Grccc. Lat. xxxiGoogle Scholar.

^{page 141 note 1} Migne, , Pat. Lat. xxxiii. col. 958Google Scholar.

^{page 141 note 2} Diet. Christian Biog. s.v.

^{page 141 note 3} Dupuy, , Hist, de S. Martin, 1882, p. 176Google Scholar.

^{page 141 note 4} Agde is in Languedoc, near the coast gf the Mediterranean.

^{page 142 note 1} Arnold, , Cœsarius von Arelate, p. 246Google Scholar.

^{page 142 note 2} Malnory, , S. Césaire, in the Bibl. de l'école des hautes études, 1894, p. 259Google Scholar.

^{page 142 note 3} Gall. Christ, i. 695.

^{page 142 note 4} The chapter of the Recapitulatio which speaks of the ‘clerici de S. Maria’ as taking the body of a dead nun to the church is not in the more authentic edition of Holsten and Brockie; it appears to be given only in Acta SS. Bolland, January, I. 736.

^{page 142 note 5} Holsten, and Brockie, , Codex Reg. i. 393Google Scholar.

^{page 143 note 1} Mabillon, , Acta, Sæac. I. 658Google Scholar.

^{page 143 note 2} Holsten and Brockie, i. 353. See Arnold, p. 418, on the faultiness of the only known versions of this text.

^{page 143 note 3} Acta SS. Bolland, 08, II. 664, on the funeral of St. Rusticola, Google Scholar.

^{page 143 note 4} Holsten, i. 370.

^{page 144 note 1} Beaume les Dames, where the founder, Romanus, was buried in the nuns' cemetery, may deserve a mention. Gall. Christ. xv. 204; Mabillon, , Annales, i. 24Google Scholar, and on the chronology, see Malnory, , S. Césaire, p. 263Google Scholar.

^{page 144 note 2} Corp. Jur. Civ. (Krueger), Codex I. iii. 43.

^{page 145 note 1} Migne, , Pat. Lat. lxxii. col. 1046Google Scholar.

^{page 145 note 2} Leunclavius, , Jus. Gr. Lat. i. 432Google Scholar, quoted by Prof. Mayor. Part of the ‘Mandatum quod dari solet metropolitano et archiepiscopo quum ordinatur,’ un-dated, orders old and chaste eunuchs to be sought out to teach women in seminaries, that the women may be removed from the temptations found in the commerce of worldly men and in double monasteries, as they are called.

^{page 145 note 3} Wattenberg, , Geschichtsquellen (1893) i. 121Google Scholar; Rettberg, , Kirchengesch. ii. 29Google Scholar; Hauck, , Kirchengesch. i. 309Google Scholar; Loofs, , Ant. Brit. Scot. Eccles. p. 90Google Scholar; Allgem. dent. Biog. vii. 385, all reject the biography, not only as chronologically utterly unreliable, but also as a worthless and fictitious account of a real Irishman named Fridolin, whose existence alone is certain. Hefele, , Einführung des Christenthums in S. W. Deutschlands, p. 243, sqq.Google Scholar, and Potthast, , Bibl. Hist. Med. Æ. p. 1322Google Scholar, defend the biography; and Haddan (Remains) notes that the dedications of churches round Säckingen to St. Hilary and St. Fridolin offer some evidence in favour of the story.

^{page 146 note 1} Varin's point, p. 193, that Arnegisil is described as abbot of the church of the Blessed Queen, and that the nuns had therefore both an abbot and an abbess, arises from his confusion of the dedications.

^{page 146 note 2} Nisard, , Poésies de Fortttnat, p. 107Google Scholar

^{page 146 note 3} Greg. Turon. ix. 42.

^{page 147 note 1} Nisard, , Poésies de Fortunat, p. 277Google Scholar.

^{page 148 note 1} Cap. 26 of the Council of Auxerre, 585, is sometimes referred to as an instance of a decree against double monasteries. The text will not bear this interpretation.

^{page 148 note 2} Mabillon, , Acta, Sæc. I. 571Google Scholar.

^{page 148 note 3} Baluze, , Misc. ii. 12Google Scholar; Gall. Christ, iv. 479.

^{page 148 note 4} Greg. Turon. ix. c. 40; Mabillon, , Ann. i. 203Google Scholar.

^{page 148 note 5} Malnory, p. 278.

^{page 148 note 6} The case of Estival-en-Charnie sometimes given as an example is not susceptible of proof. Mabillon, , Ann. i. 191Google Scholar. The nuns were under the protection of the founder Bertichram's house for monks at Le Mans, c. 585. Equally doubtful is the case of Clotilda's little house of nuns at the gates of St. Martin's monastery, c. 531; Gall. Christ, xiv. 187; Mabillon, , Acta, Sæc. I. 101Google Scholar.

^{page 149 note 1} Ann. i. 258; Acta, I. 173. Varin, p. 203, endeavours to show that St. Martin was copying Poitiers, but there is no evidence.

^{page 149 note 2} Gall. Christ, xiii. 927 (new ed.), pp. 893, 677.

^{page 149 note 3} Marténe, , Thes. Anecd. iii. 1201Google Scholar.

^{page 149 note 4} Acta SS. Bolland, July, VI. 216c; Mabillon, , Acta, II. 1088Google Scholar.

^{page 149 note 5} Acta, II. 1088. St. Glodesinda had 100 nuns in her house. When she was veiled at St. Stephen's, Metz, flocks ‘servorum, ancillarumque’ were present.

^{page 150 note 1} But Gundlach in Neues Archiv., N.S. 15, 514, gives reason for thinking that it is not Columban's work.

^{page 151 note 1} Acta, Sæc. II. 25.

^{page 151 note 2} Ann. i. 305.

^{page 151 note 3} Beda, , Hist. Eccles. iii. 8Google Scholar.

^{page 151 note 4} Acta, Sæc. II. 121.

^{page 151 note 5} Hist. Eccles. Meld. i. 27, 642.

^{page 151 note 6} Bourges, the centre of a cluster of monasteries, may have had a double monastery at the time when St. Bertoara (c. 612) and St. Dutrille, Bishop of Bourges, with his successor St. Sulpice (624–644), were closely associated. Acta, Sæc. II. 97, 173; Ann. i. 297; Labbe, , Nova Bibl. MSS. ii. 364Google Scholar. Theodulfus Bobolenus' foundation at Charenton may have been served by monks. Gall. Christ, ii. 121, 175.

^{page 153 note 1} N. Archiv. f, ält. d. Gesch.kunde, xix. 49.

^{page 153 note 2} Ann. i. 338, 425, 503.

^{page 153 note 3} Acta, Sæc. II. 151; Bonnell, , Antänge, p. 143Google Scholar.

^{page 153 note 4} Acta, Sæc. II. 335; Ann. i. 328; Gall. Christ, xv. 15.

^{page 154 note 1} Acta, Sæc. II. 317, 324.

^{page 154 note 2} Acta, ii. 421.

^{page 155 note 1} He read the office for her as she lay dying.

^{page 155 note 2} Ann. i. 440.

^{page 155 note 3} Hist. Lilt, de la France, iii. 444.

^{page 155 note 4} Donaticum on the Doubs, 629, for example. Ann. i. 348.

^{page 155 note 5} Ibid. i. 345–468.

^{page 155 note 6} Ibid.

^{page 155 note 7} Gall. Christ, xii. 269, 415; Acta SS. Bolland, April, I. p. 864; Ann. i. 366.

^{page 155 note 8} Holsten, i. 223.

^{page 155 note 9} Cap. xviii.

^{page 155 note 10} Gall. Christ, vii. 558.

^{page 156 note 1} Acta, II. 781; III. i. 21.

^{page 156 note 2} Hist. Litt. de la France, iii. 444.

^{page 156 note 3} Ann. i. 430.

^{page 156 note 4} Ibid. ii. 63, s. an. 721.

^{page 156 note 5} Acta, II. 720.

^{page 156 note 6} Acta, II. 984; Gall. Christ, iii. 395; Ann. i. 384; Le Glay, Camerac. Christiana.

^{page 157 note 1} Acta SS. Belg. IV. 481.

^{page 157 note 2} Bonnell, , Aufänge, p. 151Google Scholar, considers the life of S. Gertrude valueless historically. Rettberg, , Kirchengesch. Deutschlands, i. 564, accepts itGoogle Scholar. Cf. Hauck, , Kirchengesch. i. 282Google Scholar, and Wattenbach, , Gesch.quell, 5th ed., p. 122Google Scholar, for a note on an eighth-century MS. of the life. See Eckenstein, , Woman under Monasticism, p. 23Google Scholar.

^{page 158 note 1} Pagi, , Crit. Hist. Chronol. iii. 48Google Scholar (end) says of Nivelle in his days that it was a chapter of both sexes, in which ‘canonicæ virgines nobilissimæ digniorem locum obtinent et penes abbatissam ejusdem civitatis dominium est.’ On the tonsuring of the nuns, see Ann. i. 378b, 399a.

^{page 158 note 2} Hist. Litt. de la France, iii. 444.

^{page 158 note 3} Acta, II. 471.

^{page 159 note 1} Ann. i. 440; Acta, II. 866. Le Glay, , Camerac. Christ, p. 121Google Scholar, shows that in the thirteenth century the nuns were served by canons.

^{page 159 note 2} Gall. Christ, iii. 400; Ann. i. 595.

^{page 159 note 3} Ann. i. 386, 688; Gall. Christ, xvi. 147.

^{page 159 note 4} Acta, IV. i. 747. Sometimes ascribed to Remiremont.

^{page 159 note 5} Acta, II. 632; SS. Franche-Comté (1854) ii. 405–19; Ann. i. 415; Gall. Christ, xii. 534A, 565.

^{page 160 note 1} Labbé, Vita S. Waning, whom Sindard, a monk of Fontenelle, visited when journeying on monastic business. Ann. i. 447; Acta SS. Bolland, October, XI. pp. 679–84.

^{page 160 note 2} Acta, II. 529–621.

^{page 160 note 3} Gall. Christ, xiv. 436; Ann. i. 450; Marténe, and Durand, , Analecta, iii. 178Google Scholar; Piolin, , l' Eglise du Mans, i. 357Google Scholar.

^{page 161 note 1} Acta SS. Bolland, August, I. 353.

^{page 161 note 2} Acta, II. 686, note; Ann. i. 455, 482, 532.

^{page 161 note 3} Acta, II. 519. D' Achery and Mabillon favour the reading [S]uesona instead of Vesona. But Migne, , Pat. Lat. 120, col. 1367Google Scholar, thinks it may be Vesonne in Périgord.

^{page 161 note 4} Ann. i. 508, 573; Gall. Christ, ix. 909; Pardessus, , Diplom. ii. 222, n. 423Google Scholar.

^{page 162 note 1} Ann. i. 425, 691.

^{page 162 note 2} Ann. i. 469; ii. 10.

^{page 162 note 3} Ann. i. 481; Acta, II. 641

^{page 162 note 4} Ann. i. 606; Acta, III. ii. 540; Bonnell, , Anfänge, p. 21Google Scholar.

^{page 162 note 6} Migne, Dicl, des Abbayes.

^{page 163 note 1} Pardessus, , Dipl. ii. 245, n. 442Google Scholar; Ann. i. 614, 705; ii. 5.

^{page 163 note 2} Ann. ii. 139.

^{page 163 note 3} Hariulf, , Chron. de l' abbaye de S. Riquier ed., Lot, F., p. xlviiiGoogle Scholar; Ann. ii. 302.

^{page 165 note 1} Petrie, , Eccles. Archit. of Ireland, p. 197Google Scholar.

^{page 166 note 1} Aidus, , Triad Th. Colgan, p. 629Google Scholar.

^{page 166 note 2} This is the view of Haddan, , Remains, p. 277Google Scholar; Todd, , St. Patrick, p. 12Google Scholar. But Lanigan thinks that they were clerics, i. 410, 414.

^{page 166 note 3} Her life in the Book of Lismore, ed. Stokes, makes mention of male servants and members of the household. According to a life in a Salamanca MS. monks dined with her (De Smedt, , Acta SS. Hiberniœ, p. 36)Google Scholar.

^{page 166 note 4} ‘Cujus parrochia per totam Hiberniensem terram diffusa.’ On the use of parrochia in the sense of discipline, see Reeves's Actavman; Todd, , St. Patrick, p. 12Google Scholar; also Moran, , Essays, p. 190Google Scholar; Bellesheim, i. 69.

^{page 166 note 5} On the legendary stories of a rule, see Ultan's, seventh-century life, and Leabhar Breac, p. xlviiGoogle Scholar.

^{page 166 note 6} ‘Mulierum administrationem et consortia non respuebant.’ Ussher gives the other reading, ‘nec laicos nee feminas de ecclesiis repellebant.’

^{page 166 note 7} ‘Abnegabant mulierum administrationem, separantes eas a monasteriis.’ The Brussels MS. has ‘mulierum quoque consortia ac administrationem fugiebant, atquc a monasteriis suis.’

^{page 167 note 1} Varin points to the ninth canon of the so-called synod of Bishops Patrick, Auxilius, and Isserninus. It merely forbids monks and virgins, travelling, to stay in the same hospice or to ride together. Furthermore the code contains anons which cannot have been framed before the eighth century. See Wasserschleben, and Haddan and Stubbs.

^{page 167 note 2} De Smedt, p. 485.

^{page 167 note 3} De Smedt, p. 807.

^{page 167 note 4} Ibid. p. 897; Acta SS. Bolland, III. August, 660.

^{page 167 note 5} De Smedt, p. 528.

^{page 167 note 6} Bolland, May, III. 379.

^{page 167 note 7} Page cxciii. (Whitley Stokes).

^{page 167 note 8} Todd, Anc. Irish Hymns.

^{page 168 note 1} O' Hanlon, , Irish Saints, iii. 996Google Scholar. Colgan refers to acts of Kieran, cap. xvi.

^{page 169 note 1} This must have been before Chelles was refounded by Bathilda, 662. Whether it was double or not before that there is nothing to show.

^{page 169 note 2} Of this group, as shown above, Brie alone can be certainly proved to be a double monastery in 640.

^{page 171 note 1} Beda, , Hist. Eccles. iv. 26Google Scholar. Cf. also the description of Hedda, ‘qui prius fuerat et monachus et abba.’—William, of Malmesbury, , Gesta Pontif. p. 159Google Scholar.

^{page 171 note 2} Ewald, , ‘Studien z. Ausgabe des Registers Gregors I.’ in Neues Archiv f. ält. deut. Gesch.kunde., and Eng. Hist. Rev. 04 1888, p. 303Google Scholar.

^{page 171 note 3} Acta SS. Bolland, August, V. 197.

^{page 172 note 1} Mr. Hunt has kindly pointed out to me that there is a phrase in Beda's account of Cædmon which indicates a similar arrangement at Whitby: ‘Erat autem in proximo casa’ (iv. 24), i.e. in the infirmary adjoining Cædmon's ‘domuncula.’

^{page 172 note 2} Mr. Hunt observes that in the A.-S. versions of Beda and in William of Malmesbury, Ges. Reg. i. c. 77, Ethelred, the husband of Osthrytha, who together founded Bardney, is called Abbot of Bardney. See note 1 on p. 171.

^{page 173 note 1} Broughton, Memorial; Stanton, Menology; Levien, E., Journ. Brit. Arch, Ass. xxix. p. 329Google Scholar.

^{page 173 note 2} Acta SS. May 7, II. 168. A better MS. is Faustina B. IV. f. 156; Leland, , Coll. iii. 100Google Scholar; Lingard, , A.-S. Church, i. 197Google Scholar.

^{page 175 note 1} Anthony, Paul, Hilarion, Benedict: ‘Cujus rei regulam nostra quoque mediocritas authentica veterum auctoritate subnixa.’

^{page 175 note 2} Opera, ed. Giles, , p. 79Google Scholar.

^{page 176 note 1} Ep. Bonif. ed. Jaffé, in Mon. Mogunt. ep. 10Google Scholar.

^{page 176 note 2} Beda, , Hist. Ecdes. iii. 21Google Scholar.

^{page 176 note 3} Mon. Hist. Brit. an. 638.

^{page 177 note 1} Reeves, , Adamnan, p. 177Google Scholar. Luger is named as her disciple.

^{page 177 note 2} Jenkins, , Archœl. Cantiana, ix. 205Google Scholar; x. ci,; Kemble, , Cod. Dipl. p. 188Google Scholar.

^{page 178 note 1} She is believed to have died at the end of the seventh century.

^{page 178 note 2} Haddan, and Stubbs, , Councils, iii. 238Google Scholar.

^{page 178 note 3} Opera, ed. Giles, , p. 115Google Scholar.

^{page 178 note 4} Migne, , Pat. Lat. ci. col. 1309Google Scholar.

^{page 178 note 5} Baluze, , Misc. iv. 14Google Scholar.

^{page 179 note 1} Willibald's Life of Boniface; Jaffé, , Mon. Mogunt. p. 436Google Scholar.

^{page 179 note 2} Ep. 14: ‘Universarum commissarum animarum promiscui sexus et ætatis.’

^{page 179 note 3} On the vexed question of their identity, see Hahn's Bonifaz and Lull, and Zell's Lioba.

^{page 180 note 1} William of Malmesbury, Ges. Reg. Hardy, i. 49.

^{page 180 note 2} So Aldhelm, , Opera, ed. Giles, , p. 355Google Scholar.

^{page 180 note 3} Acta, III. i. 246.

^{page 181 note 1} Acta, III. ii. 245.

^{page 183 note 1} Acta SS. Bolland, II. January, 1033; Lecointe, Ann. 622, No. ix.; Ann. ii. 122, s. an. 743; Gall. Christ, v. 970.

^{page 183 note 2} Wartmann, , Urkundenbuch S. Gall. i. 7, 12Google Scholar. The Salzburg cases break down. A nunnery was founded by St. Rupert, Bishop of Salzburg, and by S. Erentrude, said to have been his sister, at Nunnberg, outside the walls, in the sixth or seventh century, but appears to have been separate from the monastery for men. Hund, , Metrop. Salisb. ii. 594Google Scholar; Basnage, , Thes. Mon. III. ii. 271Google Scholar; Acta, III. i. 348; Acta SS. Bolland, V. 580. See, too, Ann. i. 611.

^{page 183 note 3} Roth, , Alsatia, 1856, p. 91Google Scholar. See Eckenstein, p. 240.

^{page 184 note 1} Mon. Mogunt. ed, Jaffé, , ep. 8Google Scholar; Hauck, , Kirchengesch. i. 277Google Scholar; Rettberg, , Kirchengesch. i. 477Google Scholar.

^{page 184 note 2} Man. Mogunt, p. 490.

^{page 184 note 3} Hauck, , Kirchengesch. i. 491Google Scholar; Acta, III. ii. 365, 368.

^{page 184 note 4} Acta, III. ii. 176, c. 21.

^{page 185 note 1} Acta, III. ii. 287.

^{page 185 note 2} Acta SS. Bolland, February, III. 516.

^{page 185 note 3} ‘Matrum pariter ae presbyterorum fungenles offciem, eosdem quod generaverint, ipsæ baptizant.’

^{page 186 note 1} Canons were on several occasions directed aqainst this abuse.

^{page 187 note 1} Acta, III. ii. 246.

^{page 187 note 2} Ann. ii. 268. See Rettberg, ii. 346; Le Cointe, vi. 244, on its false charter.

^{page 187 note 3} Cap. 7. See Man. Ger. Leges, i. 124.

^{page 187 note 4} Acta, IV. i.; Ann. ii. 471. Mabillon dates the house 836. For an account of a translation of relics of St. Pusinna to the nuns' house, written by a. monk of Corvti, see Acta SS. Bolland, April, 23, p. 170; Eckenstein, p. 147.

^{page 188 note 1} Pez, , Thes. Anecdot. I. xxGoogle Scholar.; Hardy, , Catalogue, III. xxxGoogle Scholar.

^{page 188 note 2} Varin; Muratori, , Ant. Ital. Med. Æv. v. 527Google Scholar.

^{page 188 note 3} In the Dialogues, i. 4, Gregory tells several stories of Equitius, abbot of a monastery in the province of Valeria, which point to a close connection between his monks and a house of nuns.

^{page 188 note 4} Migne, , Pat. Lat. lxvi. 193Google Scholar; Dial. ii. 33, 34, col. 178.

^{page 189 note 1} Ep. xi. 25.

^{page 189 note 2} Baronius, , Ann. 616Google Scholar, from Paul, the Deacon, , Hist. Langobard, IV. c. 22Google Scholar. Mabillon (in Ann. i. 301, s. an. 613) questions if this alludes to monks.

^{page 189 note 3} Acta, II. 164.

^{page 189 note 4} Beda, , Hist. Eccles. iv. 1Google Scholar. Beda calls other double monasteries ‘monasteria virginum.’

^{page 189 note 5} Ann. ii. 154.

^{page 189 note 6} Ibid. 225.

^{page 189 note 7} Ibid. 236.

^{page 190 note 1} Muratori, , Ant. Ital. v. 527Google Scholar; Mus. Ital. p. 35; and Ann. ii. 147. Another nunnery under the protection of Monte Cassino was Sophia's, S., Beneventum, 775 (Ann. ii. 147)Google Scholar.

^{page 190 note 2} Canni, C., De Antiq. Eccles. Hisp. i. 123Google Scholar. There may have been a few monasteries still earlier (Scarmaglio, , Vind. Antiq. Mon. 1752Google Scholar).

^{page 190 note 3} Conc. Herda, can. 3; Hefele, ii. 706; Gams, II. i. 438.

^{page 191 note 1} Isidore, who presided over the council, writes in similar terms of prevailing practices in his De Eccles. Offic. II. c. 16; Hefele, iii. 72; Aguirre, ii. 462; Gonzalez, , Coleccion de Canones, p. 666, sqq.Google Scholar; Gams, iii. 88.

^{page 191 note 2} Florez, , Esp. Sag. xv. 145Google Scholar; Antonio, , Bibl. Vet. Hisp. i. 383Google Scholar.

^{page 191 note 3} Gams, II. ii. 153.

^{page 193 note 1} Eulogius, , ‘Memoriale,’ in Bibl. Pat. Max, xv, 266Google Scholar.

^{page 194 note 1} Holsten, , Cod. Reg. i. 208–19Google Scholar.

^{page 194 note 2} Ann. i. 404.

^{page 194 note 3} Ibid. ii. 264.

^{page 194 note 4} Ibid. ii. 324. Yepes, , Coron. General de la Orden de S. Benito, iii. 331Google Scholar.

^{page 194 note 5} Yepes, ibid. iv. 108, calls all the monasteries in Cordova double. He argues (iv. 106, sqq.) against ascribing them to the rule of St. Basil.

^{page 195 note 1} Eulogius, , Mem. iii. 10Google Scholar.

^{page 195 note 2} Acta SS. Bolland, September, V. 618.

^{page 195 note 3} Mem. iii. 8.

^{page 195 note 4} Ibid. iii. 10, June 7.

^{page 195 note 5} June 13, 853.

^{page 195 note 6} Esp. Sag. vii. App. i.

^{page 195 note 7} Mem. III. ii. October 16, 853.

^{page 196 note 1} Mem. iii. 17; Esp. Sag. ix. App. 8, No. 1, x. 260.

^{page 196 note 2} Mem. ii. 8.

^{page 196 note 3} Esp. Sag. xvi. 68.

^{page 196 note 4} Coron. Gen. v. f. 65, col. 3.

^{page 196 note 5} Ibid. iii. 337, col. 2.

^{page 196 note 6} Florez, xxvii. p. 125; Yepes, Coron. v. 319; Mabillon, Ann. sub an. 1022, 1033; M. Olasgoaca, ii. 2, 419.

^{page 196 note 7} Coron. iii. 276, col. 2, 3.

^{page 196 note 8} Mabillon, , Ann. iv. 222Google Scholar.

^{page 196 note 9} Ibid. p. 649. A. de Yepes writes that he has heard of more than two hundred double monasteries in Spain.