Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T11:19:31.641Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

‘Harvesting the Cupboards’: Why Britain has Produced no Administrative Theory or Ideology in the Twentieth Century

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2009

Peter Hennessy
Affiliation:
The University of Sheffield

Extract

MY purpose today is to do a kind of David Bellamy on the least promising patch of that unmapped, unloved bog-of-a-phenomenon we call ‘The British Constitution’. You know the sort of thing—‘this might just look like a boring old bundle of procedures and conventions to you, but there's life and insight in here!’

If ennui is already setting in, don't be upset. You are part of the grand tradition of our political nation. For my text today is from Mr Gladstone—his celebrated remark to the effect that:

If there are two things on earth that John Bull hates, they are an abstract proposition and the Pope.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Morgan, John H., John, Viscount Morley, An Appreciation and Some Reminiscences (1924), 144–2Google Scholar

2 See Verrier, Anthony, Through the Looking Glass: British Foreign Polity in the Age of Illusions (1983)Google Scholar. Gladstone described Peel as ‘my great master and teacher in public affairs’ Rosebery, Lord, Sir Robert Peel, (1899), 48Google Scholar.

3 The easiest way of consulting the Northcote-Trevelyan Report in full is to consult Appendix 3 of the Fulton Report of 1968: The Civil Service, Vol. 1: Report of the Committee 1966–68 (1968), 108–31.

4 Treasury and Civil Service Committee, The Role of the CM Service: Interim Report, I and II, Session 19921993Google Scholar, Sixth Report, HC 390-I and 390 II.

5 See my forthcoming ‘The Civil Service since 1979’ in Turning Japanese? eds. Helen Margetts and Gareth Smyth.

6 For the post-1870 changes, see Hennessy, Peter, Whitehall (1989), 4751Google Scholar.

7 Sartori, Giovanni, Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis (Cambridge, 1976), 196Google Scholar.

8 Jenkins, Simon and Sloman, Anne, With Respect, Ambassador (1985), 103Google Scholar.

9 Winter, James, Robert Lowe, (Toronto, 1976), 264Google Scholar.

10 Priestley, Clive, ‘Promoting the efficiency of central government’, in Managing the Bureaucracy, eds. Shenfield, Arthur et al. (1986), 117Google Scholar.

11 Winter, , Lowe, 264Google Scholar.

12 SirBridges, Edward, Portrait of a Profession (Cambridge, 1951), 31Google Scholar.

13 Hancock, W. K., Country and Calling (1954), 196–7Google Scholar.

14 See Hennessy, Peter, ‘The Spell of Palm and Pine’, Times Educational Supplement, 8 10 1993Google Scholar.

15 Hennessy, , Whitehall, 150Google Scholar. For who owns Whitehall, see Bancroft, Lord, ‘Whitehall Management: A Retrospect’ Lecture delivered by the Royal Society of Arts, 30 12 1984Google Scholar.

16 Private information.

17 See the special editION of Public Administration, LXVIII, i, Spring 1990, Patrick Dunleavy, R. A. W. Rhodes and Brendan O'Leary (eds), on ‘Prime Minister, Cabinet and Core Executive.’

18 Bagehot, Walter, Physics and Politics (1872), Kegan Paul edition (undated), 27Google Scholar.

19 Hennessy, Peter, Cabinet (1986)Google Scholar.

20 Report of the Machinery of Government Committee, Cd 9230 (1918). For Lord Trend's review see Trend, Burke, ‘Machinery under pressure’, Times Literary Supplement, 26 09 1986, 1076Google Scholar.

22 Conversation with Lord Trend, 1 October 1986.

23 Jenkins, Roy, Asquith (Fontana, ed. 1967), 34Google Scholar.

24 Conversation with Lord Trend, 1 October, 1986.

25 The Reorganisation of Central Government, Cmnd 4506, (1970).

26 Campbell, John, Edward Heath: A Biography (1993), 311Google Scholar.

27 Private information.

28 See the latest Government White Paper on science policy, Realising Our Potential: A Strategy for Science, Engineering and Technology, Cm 2250, (1993).

29 Cd. 9230.

30 Callaghan, James, Time and Chance (1987), 232Google Scholar.

31 Conversation with William Rodgers, 8 September 1993.

32 Cmnd 4506, 6–13.

33 Heath, Edward, The First Keeling Memorial Lecture, Royal Institute of Public Administration, 7 05 1980Google Scholar.

34 Conversation with Trend, Lord, 7 11 1983, for BBC Radio 3's Routine Punctuated by OrgiesGoogle Scholar.

35 For its US development see Smith, James A., The Idea Brokers: Think Tanks and the Rise of the New Policy Elite, (Washington, 1991), xiii–xivGoogle Scholar.

36 Hennessy, Peter and Coates, Simon, Little Grey Cells: Think Tanks, Governments and Policy Making, Strathclyde Analysis Paper No 6, (1991), 1Google Scholar.

37 Roseveare, Henry, The Treasury, The Evolution of a British Institution (1969), 172Google Scholar.

38 Gore-Booth, Paul, With Great Truth and Respect (1974), 232Google Scholar.

39 Conversation with Lord Plowden, 13 October 1983.

40 Conversation with Sir Robin Butler, 24 July 1990. I have Sir Robin's permission to quote him.

41 Private information.

42 Public Record Office, PREM 11/2654.

43 Open Government, Cm 2290, (1993), 68.

44 Letter from Holroyd, John, Departmental Record Officer, No 10 Downing Street, to Peter Hennessy, 5 08 1993Google Scholar.

45 ‘Cabinet Government’, undated, PRO, CAB 21/4548, British Constitutional System.

47 Initially, the instructions to ministers took the form of two Cabinet papers—‘Cabinet Procedure’ and ‘Miscellaneous Questions of Procedure’. PRO, CAB 66/67; CP (45)99, 8th August 1945.

48 PRO, CAB 21/1624, ‘Cabinet Procedure: Consolidated Version of the Prime Minister's Directives’.

49 Hennessy, , Cabinet, 8Google Scholar.

50 Conversation with Lord Trend, 1 October 1986.

51 According to Mr Major's leaked off-the-record comments to the Political Editor of ITN, Michael Brunson, the PM explained: ‘As the Cabinet Secretary told me’, “It was an act of gross injustice to have got rid of him [Mates”. Bevin's, Anthony, ‘Why does a complete wimp keep winning?’ The Independent, 27 07 1993Google Scholar.

52 Private information; Dicey, A.V., Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution (1885), 424Google Scholar.

53 May, G. H. L. Le, The Victorian Constitution (1979), 1Google Scholar.

53 The Role of the Civil Service: Interim Report, 24–5.

54 The Duties and Responsibilities of Civil Servants in Relation to Ministers: Mote by the Head of the Home Civil Service, Cabinet Office, (1985).

55 PRO, CAB 129/91, ‘Questions of Procedure for Ministers’, C (58)45, 24th February 1958.

56 C (P) 665, ‘Questions of Procedure for Ministers’, 5 April 1966. Still unpublished. Acquired privately.

57 C (PR) (76) 1, ‘Questions of Procedure for Ministers’, 23rd April 1976. Still unpublished. Acquired privately.

58 C (P) (83)5, ‘Questions of Procedure for Ministers’, 27 June 1983. Still unpublished. Acquired privately.

59 Questions of Procedure for Ministers, Cabinet Office, (1992).

60 Payment of Legal Expenses Incurred by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, House of Commons Committee of Public Acounts, 25th Report, 1992–93 Session, 22 April 1993.

61 Conversation with R. P. Fraser, 26 August 1993.

62 PRO, CAB 21/1638, ‘Function of the Prime Minister and his staff’.

63 Walter Bagehot, ‘The Monarchy’ in Stevas, Norman St John, The Collected Works of Walter Bagehot V, (1974), 243Google Scholar.

64 Conversation with R. P. Fraser, 26th August 1993.

66 Quoted in Hennessy, Peter and Coates, Simon, The Back of the Envelope: Hung Parliaments, the Queen and the Constitution, Strathclyde Analysis Paper No 5. (1991), 17Google Scholar.

67 The Role of the Coil Service: Interim Report, 25.

68 Hennessy, Peter, ‘Whitehall by the year 2000: The FDA Christmas Lecture’, 7 12 1992, extracts from which were published in FDA Mews, January 1993Google Scholar.

69 The alternative name was originally applied by Sue Richards of the Office of Public Management and a special adviser to the Treasury and Civil Service Committee.

70 Conversation with Hilton, Brian, Head of the Citizen's Charter Unit in the Cabinet Office, 25 09 1991Google Scholar.

71 Private information. Though to be fair to Mr Major he had pressed the case for improved public services when chief secretary to the Treasury.

72 This apt distinction belongs to John Biffen. See his ‘How Major can heal the Tory Wounds’, Evening Standard, 20 September 1993.

73 Dorrell, Stephen, ‘Redefining the Mixed Economy’, speech to the Centre for Policy Studies, 23 11 1992Google Scholar. For William Waldegrave's version of the new philosophy see his speech to the Public Finance Foundation of 5 July 1993.

74 Priestley, , ‘Promoting the Efficiency of Central Government’, 115Google Scholar.

75 Owen, David, ‘Treasury signals further sell-offs’ Financial Times, 24 09 1993Google Scholar.

76 Shils, Edward, The Intellectuals and the Powers and Other Essays (Chicago, 1972), 21Google Scholar.

77 Quoted in Hennessy, and Coates, , The Back of the Envelope, 18Google Scholar.

78 Low, Sydney, The Governance of England (1904), 12Google Scholar.