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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 February 2009
The occasion which gave rise to these notes was the discovery three years ago, at Blickling in Norfolk, of the diplomatic papers of John Hobart, second Earl of Bucking-hamshire, who was ambassador to the Court of Russia from 1762 to 1765. These were entrusted to me by their owner, Constance, Marchioness of Lothian, to examine and catalogue, and among them, it soon became evident, were notes and memoranda relating to questions of a much earlier date than that of Lord Buckinghamshire's mission, which it was of interest to trace to their source.
page 144 note 1 Rambaud, , Histoire de la Russie, p. 442Google Scholar. The ‘système’ of 1744 is now printed in the appendix to the Despatches and Correspondence of John Hobart, 2nd Earl of Buckinghamshire, edited by MrsCollyer, D'Arcy for the Royal Historical Society, 1900Google Scholar.
page 145 note 1 See Seymour's, London, ii. 426Google Scholar. See also Whitworth's, Memorial of 06 7, 1707Google Scholar (, R. O. Russia, vol. viii.Google Scholar)
page 145 note 2 See a pamphlet entitled Portrait du Czar, 1707, Museum, B.Google Scholar.
page 145 note 3 See Whitworth's despatches for 1704–1706, 1707–1708 (, R. O. Russia, vols. vii1. and viii.Google Scholar)
page 145 note 4 1700 (see , R. O. Sweden, vol. xxxiiGoogle Scholar. See also Koch, xiii. 162 et seq. for the alliance concluded by William III. with Sweden, which was renewed in 1700).
page 146 note 1 May 15, 1713. See for all this Gyllenberg's, Correspondence, 1710–1714Google Scholar (, R. O. Sweden, vols. xxii. and xxxii.Google Scholar)
page 146 note 2 , R. O. Russia, vol. xvi. 02 1708Google Scholar.
page 147 note 1 Ingria and Carelia had been conquered from the Czar Michael Romanof by Gustavus Adolphus in 1617. Narva also had first belonged to Russia in 1555.
page 147 note 2 St. John to D'Alais, December 29, 1710 (, R. O. Regencies, vol. ix.Google Scholar)
page 147 note 3 See Harrington's, Despatches, 08 1733 and 1734Google Scholar (ibid. Russia, vols. xxiii. and xxvi.), and ‘Secret instructions to Forbes,’ April 1733 (ibid. vol. xxiii.)
page 148 note 1 See La Cour de Russie il y a Cent Ans, p. 105.
page 148 note 2 Recueil des Instructions données aux Ambassadeurs: Russie, i. v et seq.
page 148 note 3 Flassan, , Histoire de la Diplomatie Française, ii. 425Google Scholar.
page 148 note 4 Recueil des Instructions données aux Ambassadeurs: Russie, i. 20.
page 148 note 5 In 1681.
page 149 note 1 Flassan, , Histoire, &c. ii. 446, 461 et seq.Google Scholar
page 149 note 2 Koch, xiii. 253. See also Recueil des Instructions données aux Ambassadeurs: Russie, i. 136.
page 150 note 1 Koch, xiii. 152; Dumont, vii. pt. ii. 366.
page 150 note 2 Koch, xiii. 257. See also letters from D'Alais, June 17 and August I, 1710 (, R. O. Regencies, vol. vi.Google Scholar)
page 150 note 3 Koch, xii. 246.
page 151 note 1 Koch, xiii. 257.
page 151 note 2 Michael Petrovitch Bestucheff (1686–1760), brother to Alexis, and at that time ‘Resident of his Czarish Majesty in London.’
page 151 note 3 See , R. O. Russia, vols. xvi. and xviiiGoogle Scholar. See also Recueil des Instructions: Russie, i. 184, where Solovief, , Istoria Rossii, xvii. 35–67Google Scholar, is quoted in confirmation of the existence of this treaty.
page 152 note 1 Stanhope to Townshend, September 25 and 29, 1716 (, R. O. Regencies, vol. viii.Google Scholar)
page 152 note 2 Reply addressed to Russian ministers in Hanover, October 26, 1716 (, R. O. Russia, vol. ix.Google Scholar)
page 153 note 1 Instructions to Norris, July 2, 1717 (British Museum Add. MSS. 28155).
page 153 note 2 Koch, xiii. 265. See also Memorial, October 26, 1716 (, R. O. Russia, vol. ix.Google Scholar)
page 153 note 3 Sunderland to Admiral Norris, August 9, 1717. See also Instructions to Norris, July 2, 1717(British Museum Add. MSS. 28154 and 28155).
page 153 note 4 , R. O. Russia, vol. ixGoogle Scholar. Memorial signed by Stanhope, February 22, 1720.
page 153 note 5 , R. O. Regencies, vol. viiiGoogle Scholar. Stanhope to Townshend, October 26, November 11, 1716. Stanhope to Methuen, September 25, 1716. Stanhope to Norris, October 6, October 26, 1716.
page 154 note 1 Flassan, iv. 449.
page 154 note 2 Recueil des Instructions données aux Ambassadeurs: Russie, i. 175 (September 14, 1716).
page 154 note 3 Ibid. i. 178.
page 155 note 1 Koch, xiii. 268; Flassan, iv. 446 et seq.; Recueil des Instructions données, &c.: Russie, i. 189–190.
page 155 note 2 M. de Campredon was despatched in 1721. See Recueil des Instructions, &c.: Russie, i. 198.
page 155 note 3 Ibid. i. 254–261.
page 156 note 1 Mémoire secret pour M. de Tessé, May 18, 1717. See Flassan, iv. 454.
page 156 note 2 See La Balance de Commerce, par M. Arnould.
page 156 note 3 Mémoire from Vienna, by the Due de Choiseul-Praslin. See Flassan, vi. 219.
page 156 note 4 Koch, xiii. 290.
page 156 note 5 Bestucheff's Memorial, October 17, 1720 (, R. O. Russia, vol. xviii.Google Scholar)
page 157 note 1 See Memorial signed by Stanhope, February 22, 1720.
page 157 note 2 Lord Carteret to Sir John Norris, 1719 (see MSS. of St. Germans, Earl, Historical MSS. Comm. Report iiGoogle Scholar.)
page 157 note 3 ‘Système de Bestucheff.’ (See p. 2, note.)
page 157 note 4 See The British Nation Vindicated, by Anti-Hanoverian, (1744, , B. Museum)Google Scholar.
page 158 note 1 Koch, xiii. 315. See also Recueil des Instructions, &c.: Suède, p. 304 et seq.
page 158 note 2 Annual Register for 1772, p. 50.
page 158 note 3 Koch, xiii. 315 et seq.
page 159 note 1 See Russian Memorial touching a treaty between England, France, and Russia, February 25, 1726 (, R. O. Russia, vol. xviii.Google Scholar), and Walpole to Townshend, September 24 and November 2, 1725 (Newcastle Correspondence, British Museum).
page 159 note 2 Koch, xiii. 317, 318.
page 159 note 3 Recueil des Instructions, &c.: Russie, i. 261.
page 160 note 1 See Memorials signed by Wesseloffsky, March 23, 1717 (, R. O. Russia, vol. ix.Google Scholar) and of December 14, 1719. Ibid., vol. x.
page 160 note 2 See Captain Dean's account of affairs in Russia in June and July 1725, addressed to Townshend (, R. O. Russia, vol. xviii.Google Scholar)
page 161 note 1 See Newcastle Correspondence, Walpole to Townshend, October 17 and November I, 1725. Stanhope to Townshend, November 6 and December 5, 1725; and an intercepted Jacobite letter, October 19, 1726. See also anonymous letters to Horace Walpole, April 3 and May 4, 1726 (Add. MSS. 32745, B. Museum).
page 161 note 2 Walpole to Townshend, November 4, 1725 (Newcastle Correspondence).
page 161 note 3 Koch, xiii. 321. Koch quotes from Rousset, , ‘Supplement,’ vol. iii. pt. ii. p. 334Google Scholar.
page 162 note 1 Koch, xiii. 322.
page 162 note 2 Recueil des Instructions, &c.: Russie, i. 261
page 162 note 3 Ibid. i. 274 et seq.
page 163 note 1 Recueildes Instructions, &c.: Russie, i. 301.
page 163 note 2 Ibid. i. 275 et seq., and , R. O. Russia, vol. xxvi.Google Scholar Rondeau's despatch of Sept. 7, 1734.
page 163 note 3 Flassan, , Histoire de la Diplomatic Française, v. 101Google Scholar.
page 163 note 4 Koch, xiii. 337.
page 164 note 1 Recueil des Instructions, &c.: Russie, i 375.
page 164 note 2 Walpole to Townshend, October 24, 1725 (Newcastle Correspondence MS. 32744). See also Recueil des Instructions, &c.: Russie, i. 278 and note.
page 164 note 3 Ibid. i. 284–300.
page 164 note 4 Ibid. i. 327–338. See also Hamont's Lally Tollendal.
page 165 note 1 See Captain Dean's report, June and July 1725 (, R. O. Russia, vol. xviiiGoogle Scholar. See also p. 18.)
page 165 note 2 , R. O. Russia, vol. xxGoogle Scholar.
page 166 note 1 May 29, 1730 (, R. O. Russia, vol. xx.Google Scholar)
page 166 note 2 The reason given is that coarse wool was dear in England, owing to the fact that the importation of coarse wool from Ireland was forbidden, and therefore Prussia could supply the coarse cloth more cheaply than England could (see Report of Board of Trade, August 8, 1733, , R. O. Russia, vol. xxiii.Google Scholar, and Forlces's Despatches, Ibid., for the treaty of 1734, vols. xxiii–xxvi.)
page 166 note 3 Harrington to Rondeau, July 26, 1734 (, R. O. Russia, vol. xxvi.Google Scholar)
page 167 note 1 October 4, 1740 (see Report of the Historical MSS. Commission, xiv. pp. 53. 54).
page 167 note 2 See Secret Instructions to Tyrawley, December 19, 1743(British Museum Add. MSS. 22528).
page 167 note 3 See Carteret's speech in favour of England's interposition in the war of the Austrian succession. Belsham's, George II. ii. 115–127Google Scholar.
page 168 note 1 Finch's despatch of November 1, 1740. See La Cour de Russie il y a Cent Ans, p. 106. This was Edward Finch, brother to the Earl of Winchilsea, ambassador to Russia from February 1740 to February 1742.
page 168 note 2 See p. 10.
page 169 note 1 Finch's despatch, March 17, 1741 (, R. O. Russia, vol. xxxvi.Google Scholar)
page 169 note 2 It was estimated at 108,000 men, besides 9,000 guards, 9,000 regular horse, and 6,000 irregular horse (Finch, June 1741).
page 169 note 3 See for the negotiations relating to this treaty Finch's despatches from November 1740 to February 1742, and those of Sir Cyril Wych, April to December 1742 (, R. O. Russia, vols. xxxv–xlii.Google Scholar)
page 170 note 1 Recueil des Instructions, &C.: Russie, i. 376.
page 170 note 2 March 15, 1742. The King of Denmark had acceded to this treaty, with the idea of realising his own dream of a Scandinavian confederation of all the three kingdoms (see Belsham's, George II. ii. 136Google Scholar).
page 170 note 3 Recueil des Instructions, &c.: Russie, i. 375.
page 171 note 1 Recueil des Instructions, &c.: Russie, i. 392.
page 171 note 2 Alexis Petrovitch Bestucheff-Rumin was born at Moscow in 1693, d. April 1766 (see for a further notice of him Despatches and Correspondence of John, Second Earl of Buckinghamshire, p. 8).
page 171 note 3 See p. 1.
page 172 note 1 Elizabeth had desired to make this a condition of her alliance with George II. in 1742, but the English king, while promising his support of her views, declined to interfere directly in the election, the candidate really preferred by him being Prince Frederic of Hesse (see Carteret to Wych, Nov. 17 et seq. 1742, , R. O. Russia, vol. xlii.Google Scholar)
page 173 note 1 Recueil des Instructions, &c.: Russie, i. 375 and 391.
page 173 note 2 Ibid. i. 436 et seq.
