^{page 117 note 1} The Life of Ailred of Rievaulx by Walter Daniel, ed. Powicke, F. M. (Nelson's Medieval Classics, 1950), p. 1.Google Scholar

^{page 117 note 2} Knowles, Dom David, [The] Monastic Order [in England], corrected edn. (Cambridge, 1949), pp. 346–59.Google Scholar

^{page 117 note 3} Serlo, , a centenarian at Kirkstall, must have been one of themGoogle Scholar; ibid., p. 232, n. 5.

^{page 118 note 1} Knowles, op. cit., p. 373.

^{page 118 note 2} Knowles, , The Religious Orders in England, 1 (Cambridge, 1948), pp. 6, 316.Google Scholar

^{page 118 note 3} Ann[ales] Margam., s.a. 1191 (ed. H. R. Luard, Ann. Mon[astici], i, (R[olls] S[eries], 1864, p. 21).

^{page 118 note 4} His use of local evidence in the Life of Wulfric suggests this; Wulfric[of Haselbury], ed. Bell, Dom Maurice (Somerset Record Soc, xlvii, 1932), pp. 20–39: also the time when it was begun, infra, p. 129.Google Scholar

^{page 118 note 5} John is called prior in the first prologue dedicated to Bartholomew of Exeter; Wulfric, pp. 7, 136.

^{page 118 note 6} In 1186–87, W[illiam] is called abbot in a papal commission (Holtz-mann, W., Papsturkunden in England, 2 (Berlin, 1935), p. 437).Google Scholar

^{page 118 note 7} Statuta [capitulorum generalium ordinis Cisterciensis], ed. Canivez, J. M. (Louvain, 1933–1939), i, s.a. 1198–1213, passim.Google Scholar

^{page 118 note 8} Wulfric, pp. xiii–xiv; Russell, J. C., Dictionary of Writers of ThirteenthCentury England {Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, SpecialSuppl. no. 3, 1936), pp. 62 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 118 note 9} Canivez, Statuta …, i, p. 324; Knowles, Monastic Order, p. 660.

^{page 119 note 1} Bell says about 1210 (Wulfric, p. xiii). Early in 1205 he was given wine for celebrating Mass; Rot. Litt. Claus., i, p. 18.

^{page 119 note 2} Balliol College, MS. 24, fo. 175^v; I hope to publish this sermon in the near future.

^{page 119 note 3} Cheney, C. R., From Becket to Langton (Manchester, 1956), pp. 37 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 119 note 4} Canivez, Statuta …, i, p. 281.

^{page 119 note 5} Chron. mon. de Melsa, ed. Bond, E. A. (R.S., 1866–1868), 1, p. 289.Google Scholar

^{page 119 note 6} Russell, Dictionary of Writers …, loc. cit.

^{page 119 note 7} Balliol College, MS. 24; Rot. Litt. Claus., and Rot. Litt. Pat., 1207–1216, passim.

^{page 119 note 8} Knowles, Monastic Order, pp. 368–69.

^{page 119 note 9} Balliol College, MS. 24.

^{page 119 note 10} Wulfric, p. xiii; Chron. mon. de Melsa, i, pp. 353 ff.

^{page 119 note 11} Two sermons are devoted to the Interdict (Balliol College, MS. 24, fos. 99^r–IoI^v, 173^v–176^r).

^{page 119 note 12} Commentarii de Scriptoribus Britannicis, ed. Hall, A. (Oxford, 1709), 1, p. 231; Bell gives 1220 (Wulfric, p. xiv), recte 21 April 1214, Ann. Waved. (Ann. Mon., ii), pp. 281–82.Google Scholar

^{page 120 note 1} Ann. MargamGoogle Scholar. (ibid., i), pp. 25–26.

^{page 120 note 2} Dedication of the church, 1239, Ann. Waverl. (ibid., ii), p. 323. The present remains are of the same period, Royal Commission on Historical Monuments in England, Dorset, i (1952), pp. 240–46.

^{page 120 note 3} Russell, , Dictionary of Writers …, loc. cit. A Palm-Sunday sermon is edited anonymously, Collect[anea] Ord[inis] Cist[erciensium] Ref[ormatorum], 7 (1940), pp. 36 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 120 note 4} Wulfric, pp. lxiv ff.

^{page 120 note 5} Ibid., pp. lxx, lxxiii ff.

^{page 120 note 6} Smalley, B., The Study of the Bible in the Middle Ages, 2nd edn. (Oxford, 1952), p. 281Google Scholar; ‘Some Thirteenth-Century Commentaries on the Sapiential Books’, Dominican Studies, 2 (1949), p. 324.Google Scholar

^{page 120 note 7} Balliol College, MS. 24, fo. 7^r: ‘Quia uero prolixitatem operis huius delicatioribus auribus oneri futuram esse non dubito, rei huius cuius iam penitentia sera est ueniam a lectoribus peto. Breuitatem quidem uitare curaui, quod simplicioribus ingeniis minus sit luculenta et eximias sententias non pro sua maiestate euoluat, set uerborum inuoluat et frangat angustiis.' The Prologue and first sermon were edited anonymously, Collect. Ord. Cist. Ref, v (1938), pp. 250–61.

^{page 121 note 1} See articles ‘Cantique des Cantiques’ in Dictionnaire de Spiritualite, and Dictionnaire de Theologie Catholique; Ohly, F., Hohelied-Studien (Wiesbaden, 1958)Google Scholar; Leclercq, J., ‘Gilbert de Stanford’, Stadia Anselmiana, 20 (1948), pp. 205–30; ‘Ecrits Monastiques sur la Bible aux XI^e–XIII^e siècles’, Me-diaeval Studies, xv, pp. 95–106.Google Scholar

^{page 121 note 2} Jocelyn of Furness, Life of St Kentigern, prologue (ed. J. Pinkerton, Vitae Antique Sanctorum, 1789, p. 196), alludes to Cant. iii. 2; Life of St Waldef, ii. 22 (Acta Sanctorum, August, i, 256), to ii. 4, v. 16, vii. 7; Walter Daniel, Life of Ailred (ed. Powicke), pp. 9, n, to ii. 12, vi. 3. This influence has been noticed in Flanders; Roisin, S., L'hagiographie cistercienne dans le diocèse de Liège au XIII^e siècle (Louvain, 1947), pp. 242–43, 246.Google Scholar

^{page 121 note 3} Leclercq, ‘Gilbert de Stanford’, p. 208.

^{page 121 note 4} Leclercq, , Saint Bernard Mystique (1948), pp. 480–83.Google Scholar

^{page 121 note 5} Leclercq estimates a thousand copies c.1200, ‘Recherches sur les Sermons sur les Cantiques de S. Bernard: IV, Rev[ue] Bév[édictine], lxv (1955), p. 231, n. 7.

^{page 122 note 1} Wilmart, Dom A., ‘Les Melanges de Mathieu, Prechantre de Rievaulx’, Rev. Ben., lii (1940), p. 54.Google Scholar

^{page 122 note 2} Leclercq, , ‘Les ecrits de Geoffroy d'Auxerre’, Rev. Ben., lxii (1952), pp. 281, 283.Google Scholar

^{page 122 note 3} Wardon seems the only house to have had a copy; Leland, Collectanea, ed. Hearne, T. (Oxford, 1770), 4. 12.Google Scholar

^{page 122 note 4} This emerges from a comparison of the two commentaries, and from the lack of any reference to him, whereas there are some to Bernard (Balliol College, MS. 24, fos. 6^V, 47^V, 109^V, 124^V) and Gilbert (fo. 65^r, cit. infra).

^{page 122 note 5} Auxerre, Bibl. Municipale, MS. 50, which is discussed by Talbot, C. H., Studia Anselmiana, xliii (1958).Google Scholar

^{page 122 note 6} Consuetudines, cap. lviii.

^{page 122 note 7} Bodleian Library, MS. Laud Misc. 91, fo. 72^V: ‘Nam cum aliquando de capitulo Cistercii regrediens apud Diuionem, cum eiusdem loci tune abbate Alexandro, uiro digne memorabili… siue iussus, siue rogatus sum ab eo de fide quippiam scribere … Nam tune temporis nos eiusdem ordinis monachi, sine licentia scribere non sinebamur …’ This dates the beginning of the treatise to pre-1175, when Alexander died, Gallia Christiana, iv, col. 988.

^{page 123 note 1} Canivez, Statuta …, i, p. 84.

^{page 123 note 2} M.G.H., Scriptores, xxiii, p. 842.

^{page 123 note 3} Wulfric, pp. xvi ff., 7–12.

^{page 123 note 4} Flahiff, G. B., ‘The Censorship of Books in the Twelfth Century’, Mediaeval Studies, 4 (1942), pp. 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{page 123 note 5} Balliol College, MS. 24, fo. 6^r: ‘Domine Iesu, tua est causa; tu suscipe patrocinium eius pro me’; fo. 7^r: ‘Unde si quid in ea erratum esse lector inuenerit, scalpello queso non parcat.’

^{page 124 note 1} Balliol College, MS. 24, fo. 6^V: ‘Sic, inquam, post magnum ilium uirum, beatum loquor Bernardum, currere exopto, non quasi emulus glorie set pedissequus uie.’

^{page 124 note 2} Ibid., fo. 215^V: ‘Si enim sompnus, ut aiunt qui de naturalibus disputant, quies est animalium uirtutum cum intensione naturalium, bene sponsa in eandem diffinitionem consentiens ego dormio, ait, et cor menm uigilat…. [Cant. v. 2]’. —This definition of sleep occurs in two Salernitan commentaries on the Isagoge of Iohannitius, those of Bartholomeus and Maurus, both of the second half of the twelfth century (MSS. Oxford, C.C.C. 293 B, fo. 92^r, and Paris, Bibl. Nat., lat. 18499, fo. 29^r). The ultimate source is Aristotle, De somno, 458 a 26–32. I owe these references to Mrs S. P. Hall.

^{page 124 note 8} Balliol College, MS. 24, fo. 65^r: ‘Inspiciamus et pio uobis inuisceremus affectu, sodales istos sponsi sponseque paranimphos uerbi gratia Gregorium, Augustinum, Ambrosium, nostrique temporis honorabiles sponsi amicos, sponse duces, Bernardum, Guerricum, Ricardum, Gillebertum similesque eorum quos unctio primum docibiles, deinde fecit magistros’. John rarely referred to his authorities, but these cases have been noticed: Gregory, fos. 161^r, 187^v, 216^r, 250^v; Augustine, fo. 30^r; Anselm, fo. 23^r; Ambrose, fo. 14^r; Bernard and Gilbert, cf. supra; Guerric, fo. 23^r. There are no other explicit references to Richard, but his influence on John's ideas was considerable.

^{page 124 note 4} About two hours daily; Roisin, S., ‘Reflexions sur la culture intellectuelle en nos abbayes cisterciennes medievales’, Miscellanea Historica … L. vander Essen (1947), p. 248.Google Scholar

^{page 124 note 5} Leclercq, J., L'Amour des Lettres et le Désir de Dieu (1957), p. 72.Google Scholar

^{page 125 note 1} Morey, A., Bartholomew of Exeter (Cambridge, 1937), pp. 105–107.Google Scholar

^{page 125 note 2} Ibid, p. 121.

^{page 125 note 3} Migne, Patrologia Latino, cciv, cols. 401-774. Two unedited sermons are described by Guebin, P., Journal of Theological Studies, 13 (1912), pp. 571–74. Another manuscript, Pembroke College, Cambridge, MS. 159, also contains them.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{page 125 note 4} Lohmann, H. E., ‘Die Collectio Wigorniensis’, Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte (Kan. Abt.), 22 (1933), p. 53, n. 1.Google Scholar

^{page 125 note 5} Glorieux, P., ‘Candidats pour la pourpre en 1178’, Melanges de ScienceReligieuse, 11 (1954), pp. 17–19.Google Scholar

^{page 125 note 6} Tournai, Vilie MS. 134; Faider, P. and Van Sint Jan, P., Catalogue des Manuscrits Conservés à Tournai (Gembloux, 1950), pp. 149–53.Google Scholar

^{page 125 note 7} Ibid., p. 151.

^{page 126 note 1} Talbot, C. H., ‘The Verses of Roger of Ford on our Lady’, Collect. Ord.Cist. Ref., 6 (1939), pp. 44–54.Google Scholar

^{page 126 note 2} Dean, Ruth J., ‘Elizabeth of Schonau and Roger of Ford,’ Modern Philology, xli (1944), p. 213.Google Scholar

^{page 126 note 3} The Registers of Walter Bronscombe, ed. F. C. Hingeston-Randolph (1889), p. 2.

^{page 126 note 4} R. J. Dean, op. cit.

^{page 126 note 6} Talbot, op. cit. Dr Talbot pointed out to me that the Tournai MS. contained a letter which he had earlier published as by Roger of Byland, AnalectaS[acri] Ord[inis] Cist[erciensis], 7 (1951), pp. 218–31.Google Scholar

^{page 126 note 6} Anecdota Bedae, Lanfranci et aliorum, ed. Giles (Caxton Soc, vii, 1851), pp. 170–87.

^{page 126 note 7} Sidney Sussex College, MS. 95, fos. 135^V ff., the fourth part of a very large collection, beginning with a prologue (‘Magna et innumerabilia …’), a story told to William by John of Ford about an abbot of Morimond (‘Petis a me, mi Willelme …’) referred to in the prologue, and then a story about Abbot Walter of Tavistock: found too in Aberdeen University Library, MS. 137, fo. 132, which also refers to William as the author of a collection; James, M. R., Aberdeen Catalogue (Cambridge, 1932), p. 45. The Cambridge MS. needs further examination.Google Scholar

^{page 126 note 8} Chron. mon. de Melsa, i, p. 326.

^{page 127 note 1} Ker, N. R., Medieval Libraries of Great Britain (Roy. Hist. Soc, 1941), p. 48. In additional notes kept in the Bodleian Library, he has since added MS. Laud misc. 450. To these a scientific MS. (formerly Phillipps MS. 12145), now in the possession of R. B. Honeyman, Jr., California, can probably be added; W. H. Robinson Ltd., Catalogue 82 (1950), no. 76.Google Scholar

^{page 127 note 2} Professor Mynors and Dr Hunt kindly allowed me to use their manuscript edition.

^{page 127 note 3} Cheney, C. R., ‘Les bibliorheques cisterciennes en Angleterre au XII^e siècle’, Mélanges Saint Bernard (Dijon, 1954), pp. 375–82.Google Scholar

^{page 127 note 4} Balliol College, MS. 24, fo. I43^r: ‘Uerum hesitatio hec, sicut et omnis ferme in scriptura sacra ambiguitas istiusmodi, sacre militat intelligentie. Hesitatio quippe ad plurima pulsat ostia ueritatis, dumque incerta suspenditur, potius intrare debeat ad earn, intrat per singula.’

^{page 127 note 5} Ibid., fo. 81^r: ‘Ex tune ergo contriuit Dominus baculum panis in Ierusalem [Ezek, iv. 16], quia omnem panem azimum sapientum Iesum uos lactucis uestris agrestibus [Exod. xii. 8] agresti utique et fatua interpretatione uestra, insipidum uobis redditis et inutilem.’

^{page 127 note 6} Ibid., fo. n6^v: ‘Et quidem in exteriori hoc uerbi cortile ieiuna satis et arida lectio est, ut ipse, cuius hec tantum est porcio, Israel secundum carnem cum gustauerit non delectetur, et cum comederit non impinguetur ex eo.’

^{page 128 note 1} Smalley, op. cit., pp. 174, 176–77.

^{page 128 note 2} Migne, Patrologia Latina, cxc, cols. 1464–65.

^{page 128 note 3} Chron. Universale Anonymi Laudunensis, s.a. 1185 (ed. Cartellieri and Stechele, p. 36). This reference is from the unpublished thesis of Dr E. Rathbone (London, 1936).

^{page 128 note 4} For example compare Balliol College, MS. 24, fo. io^v, with Bede, on Cant. v. 9 (Migne, Patrologia Latina, xci, col. 1161); fo. 179^r with Glossa on Cant. vii. 7 (ibid., cxiii, col. 1162); fo. 161^r with Rupert on Cant. vii. 2 (ibid., clxviii, col. 942).

^{page 128 note 5} Beumer, J., ‘Die Marianische Deutung des Hohen Liedes in der Früh-scholastik’, Zeitschrift f¨r Katholische Theologie, Ixxvi (1954), pp. 411–39.Google Scholar

^{page 128 note 6} Three sermons are largely devoted to her, LXX on Cant. vii. 2, LXXIII on vii. 4, ‘Collum tuum’, LXXV on vii. 4, ‘Oculi tui’; for St Bernard see H. Barré, Analecta S. Ord. Cist., ix (1953), p. 97.

^{page 128 note 7} Leclercq, J., ‘Recherches… III, Les Sermons sur’ les Cantiques ont-ils ét´ prononcés?’, Rev. Bén., lxv (1955), pp. 71–89; ‘Les ecrits de Geoffroy d'Auxerre’Google Scholar, ibid., lxii (1952), pp. 289 ff.

^{page 128 note 8} Balliol College, MS. 24, fo. 22^V: ‘Hec post editum sermonem, in scedula interposuit satisfacionem quibusdam motis super hoc dicto, uidelicet Iesum hereditariam a matre uirgine accepisse innocentiam.’

^{page 129 note 1} Ibid., fo. 23 ^r: ‘Hec propterea diffusius dixerim, quod aliquos uestrum in eo uerbo moueri audierim quod Dominum Iesum hereditariam dixi a matre uirgine accepisse innocentiam.’

^{page 129 note 2} See supra, p. 119.

^{page 129 note 3} Bell dated its writing between ‘soon after 1180’, and 1185 or 1186 (Wulfric, pp. xvii ff.), but the reference to a dead abbot as having encouraged John, in the first dedication, puts the beginning back before 1175, since the two abbots known after that date, Baldwin and Robert (II), were still alive when John wrote (ibid., p. 11).

^{page 129 note 4} Balliol College, MS. 24, fos. 79^v–80^r: ‘Uidi enim diem Iesu, uidi et gauisus sum … Uidi clarificatum in monte, uidi eum facie ad faciem, et salua facta est anima mea.’ The sermon XLIII, fos. 103^r–105^r, is a remarkable autobiographical account.

^{page 129 note 5} Knowles, Monastic Order, pp. 643-45; C. Talbot, H., ‘A List of Cistercian Manuscripts in Great Britain’, Traditio, 8 (1952), pp. 402–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{page 129 note 6} Migne, Patrologia Latina, clxxxiv, cols. 11-298; Hist. Lin. de la France, xii, pp. 461-69; Ohly, Hohelied-Studien, pp. 171-78.

^{page 130 note 1} Jackson, K., ‘The Sources for the Life of St Kentigern’, Studies in TheEarly British Church, ed. Chadwick, N. K. (Cambridge, 1958), pp. 273–357.Google Scholar

^{page 130 note 2} Acta Sanctorum, 17 March (March ii), pp. 536–77.

^{page 130 note 3} Bodley MS. 240, pp. 801 ff.

^{page 130 note 4} Le ‘Jubilus’ Jit de Saint Bernard (Rome, 1944), pp. 219–43.

^{page 130 note 5} Alan of Meaux, poem on Susanna and the Elders, Brit. Mus., Harley MS. 2851, fos. 2^r–9^v; Egerton MS. 832, fos. 1^r–4^r; William, precentor of Combe, hymn on St Thomas, etc., ed. Giles, Anecdota Bedae, pp. 191–96; Adam of Dore, probable author of verses on Biblical types and anti-types, extracts ed. M. R. James, ‘Pictor in Carmine’, Archaeologia, xciv (1951), pp. 141–66; Rufford anonymous, verse collection (to which Dr Hunt drew my attention), ed. J. H. Mozley, ‘A Collection of Mediaeval Verse’, MediumMvum, xi (1942), pp. 1–45, additions by Hunt, R. W.Google Scholar, ibid., 16 (1947), pp 6–8.

^{page 130 note 6} Wilmart, , Rev. Bén., lii (1940), pp. 15–84.Google Scholar

^{page 130 note 7} Parts ed. Wilmart, , ‘Un répertoire d'exégèse composé en Angleterre vers le début du XIII^C siècle’, Mémorial Lagrange (1940), pp. 307–46Google Scholar, and Pitra, J. B., Spicilegium Solesmense, 2, 3 (1852–1858)Google Scholar. Authorship is discussed by Wilmart, op. cit.; Morin, , ‘Le Cistercien Ralph de Coggeshall et l'auteur des Distinctiones Monasticae’, Rev. Ben., xlvii (1935), pp. 348 ff.Google Scholar; and Hunt, R. W., ‘Notes on the Distinctiones Monasticae et Morales’, Liber Floridus …Paul Lehmann gewidmet, ed. Bischoff, and Brechter, (Saint Ottilien, 1950), pp. 355–62.Google Scholar

^{page 131 note 1} Migne, Patrologia Latina, clxxx, cols. 974–1104.

^{page 131 note 2} Liest∅l, K., ‘Draumkvaede’, Studia Norvegica, 3 (1946), pp. 102–17.Google Scholar

^{page 131 note 3} ‘The Vision of Gunthelm and other Visions’, Rev. Ben., lxvi (1956), pp. 92–114.Google Scholar

^{page 131 note 4} Ed. Ward, H. L. D., Journal of the British Arch. Assoc, xxxi (1875), pp. 420–59.Google Scholar

^{page 131 note 5} Ed. J. Stevenson, R.S., 1875.

^{page 131 note 6} Monastkon Anglic., v, pp. 349-54; ed. Walbran, J. S., Memorials ofFountains, 1 (Surtees Soc, xlii, 1863), pp. 1–129.Google Scholar

^{page 131 note 7} Margam, Ann. Mon., i; Waverley, ibid., ii; Melrose, ed. A. O. Anderson and W. C. Dickinson (1936); for the importance of the first for the reign of John, see F. M. Powicke, Eng. Hist. Rev., xxiv (1909), pp. 659 ff. The annals of Conway (Harley MS. 3725, fos. 38-65) and Stanley (Bodleian Library, Digby MS. 11, fos. 149–87) are unedited.

^{page 132 note 1} Cheney, C. R. (‘Les bibliotheques cisterciennes …’, pp. 379 ff.) describes two from Revesby and Rievaulx (Walter Daniel's). To these, Lyell MS. 8, from Fountains, can be added; Bodleian Library Record, iii (1950), p. 73. Dr Hunt drew my attention to this volume.Google Scholar

^{page 132 note 2} Balliol MS. 24, fo. 200^r: ‘Uideas plerosque sic totos hodie exisse in agrum, ut non solum animarum fraternarum, set et sue quoque sollicitudinem, ex plurima parte exuisse uideantur …”

^{page 132 note 3} Ibid., fo. 250^V: ‘Heu quia non est ei [i.e. Marie]tenere, osculari, et ungere pedes Iesu, set auellente sorore sua ad operas exire forenses, litibus seculi immisceri. …”

^{page 132 note 4} Life of Waldef, p. 260.

^{page 132 note 5} Ibid., loc. cit.

^{page 132 note 6} Life of Ailred (ed. Powicke), p. 12.

^{page 132 note 7} Balliol College, MS. 24, fo. 202^r: ‘Nam quia domini uos scitis, et maiores qui recumbitis ab his qui se in ministerium uestrum ordinari pro Deo sustinuerunt, sermo est Domini Iesu, tarn ueritate plenus quam humilitate mirabilis. Ait namque, Ego in medio uestrum sum, sicut qui ministrat [Luke xxii. 27].’

^{page 133 note 1} Ibid., fo. 200^v: ‘Commoremur in uillis [Cant. vii. 11], uillanis nostris, si quos habuerimus, nequaquam cum austeritate imperantes et potentia, set quasi Domino reddituri rationem, humiliter eos pieque tractemus.’

^{page 133 note 2} Life of Waldef p. 260.

^{page 133 note 3} Matthew of Rievaulx, letter to Master H. of Beverley, ‘Ordo cistercii munimen egregium, spirituale Christi domicilium’, Wilmart, op. cit., p. 72.

^{page 133 note 4} De Albo Ordine et Nigro, ‘Ordo niger est uelud argentum, Cystercius aurum / Et quasi gemma nitens;’ ibid., p. 63.

^{page 133 note 5} Letter quoted above, and another pp. 40–42; letter to Galienus, AnakctaS. Ord. Cist., vii (1951), 218–31; Epistolaell, III (Migne, Patrologia Latina, clxxxiv, cols. 291—98).

^{page 133 note 6} Knowles, Monastic Order, pp. 357 ff.

^{page 133 note 7} Matthew of Rievaulx praises him highly; Wilmart, op. cit., p. 55.

^{page 133 note 8} Life of Ailred, pp. lxxxiv ff.

^{page 133 note 9} Ailred of Rievaulx, De Anima, ed. C. H. Talbot (1952), pp. 16–23; S. Roisin, ‘Reflexions…’, pp. 245–56.

^{page 134 note 1} De liberalibus artibus, ‘Hac iter est menti scripturas scire uolenti;’ op. cit., p. 62.

^{page 134 note 2} Epistola II. 2 (Migne, Patrologia Latina, clxxxiv, col. 291).

^{page 134 note 3} Letter to Galienus, Analecta S. Ord. Cist., vii (1951), pp. 228 ff.

^{page 134 note 4} Article Castellum, ed. Pitra, op. cit., ii, p. 326.

^{page 134 note 5} See, for example, Jocelyn's words in the prologues to the Life ofWaldef, p. 250, and the Life ofKentigern, p. 196.

^{page 134 note 6} Gilson, E., The Mystical Theology of St Bernard (London, 1940), pp. 60–84.Google Scholar

^{page 134 note 7} Balliol College, MS. 24, fo. i32^v: ‘Porro cum adolescentiae et [fort, recte ‘in’] studia potiora conuertitur, ibi quoque periculum ei non minimum imminet de nimii indiscretione feruoris…. Numeros sane, rationes, mensurasque [MS. menstruasque]et proportiones [i.e. discretions] non-nunquam dici legimus in scripturis.’

^{page 134 note 8} Ibid., loc. cit.: ‘lam quoque amoris nonnulla suspiria trahunt et longius adhuc a thalami liminibus excubantes, prima ilia secretius secum ruminant elementa caritatis, Osculetur me osculo oris sui, itemque, Concupiuit animamea desiderare iustificationes tuas in omni tetnpore’

^{page 135 note 1} Ibid., fo. 134^V: ‘In scola caritatis res geritur, ubi inter prima elementa id statim occurrit, ut inuidia omnis cum suorum stridore dentium, transferatur procul in cor maris… .’

^{page 135 note 2} Ibid., fo. 102^r: ‘Adolescens igitur noster etati huic sue suisque coetaneis propria redditurus insignia, in medio doctorum hinc inde sedentium, ad pedes uidelicet ipsorum, cathedram humilitatis erexit, humili quidem interrogatione sapientiam celans, et uerecundiam profitens, et arrogantie suspicionem deuitans. Prudenti proinde responsione iam quasi aliena pulsatione compulsus, latentem sapientie sue thesaurum ad omnium prodidit admirationem et pie pulsantibus deuotus aperuit, studioseque querentibus benignus occurrit…. Quod propterea fratres mei hoc loco in auribus uestris censui memorandum, ut conuenientibus nobis in unum, in hiis que patris [MS. patres] nostri sunt exerceamini, aliquid semper in ore uersantes, siue de beneplacito patris illius, siue de gloria regni eius, quod mores edificet quod caritatem accendat, quod Iesum sapiat. Fiat interrogatio de hiis que Dei sunt cum pietate, fiat responsio in mansuetudine, condiatur utraque sale is quodam iocundi saporis, sale gratie, ut ait apostolus; consummetur denique it disputatio tota uerbis humillimis atque pacificis, ne forte de materia caritatis ira magis et indignatio, quod absit, inueniat fomitem.’

^{page 135 note 3} Sermones in Cantica, xli. 4 (Migne, Patrologia Latina, clxxxiv, col. 217).

^{page 136 note 1} Bock, C., ‘Les Cisterciens et l'Etude du Droit’, Analecta S. Ord. Cist., vii (1951), pp. 3–31.Google Scholar

^{page 136 note 2} Canivez, Statuta …, i, p. 227.

^{page 136 note 3} Balliol College, MS. 24, fo. 257^r: ‘Pudet certe, fratres mei, insulse sermocinationis nostre pruritusque aurium nostrarum, quibus in unum conuenientibus tam rarus de ueritate qui est Christus sermo est, etsi de eo sonuerit, tarn molesta auditio. De filiis taurorum et arietum, de terrarum questibus, de agrorum prouentibus, de causarum inuolucris, de uariis denique carnalium necessitatum querelis, de regum etiam ac principum gestis, et si hec uacant, de scurilitatum ineptiis continua prohpudor! interrogatio, narratio, iocundaque auditio est. De Iesu autem et de canticis Syon uerbum satis peregrinum ac nimis familiare silentium.’