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The Early Intercourse of the Danes and Franks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2009

Henry H. Howorth Esq.
Affiliation:
Fellow of the Royal Historical Society

Extract

The early history of Denmark may be divided into two portions. For the first we have as materials only the native sagas and legends, which have been preserved for us by Saxo Grammaticus and others. The second portion, which covers a period when Denmark had entered into relations, sometimes hostile and sometimes diplomatic, with the great Frankish empire to the south, is illustrated by occasional notices in the contemporary monastic annals. These notices are of course of the highest value and interest. It seems clear that, if we are ever to glean any profitable materials about the earlier period, we must first gain a firm foothold upon the later, where we can check tradition by contemporary narrative; and I now propose to re–examine the history of the Danes from the time when they first appear in the Frankish chronicles, down to the death of their famous King Godfred.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1877

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References

page 148 note * Langebek, i. 98; Kruse, Chron. Nortm., 1.

page 148 note † The English Language, 5th edit., p. 109.

page 149 note * Geijer's History of Sweden, 16.

page 149 note † Geijer, 20.

page 150 note * See Laing's Heimskringla, i. 44, 45.

page 150 note † Pinkerton's History of Scotland, i. 175.

page 150 note ‡ Ib., i. 174.

page 154 note * Adam of Bremen, Zeuss, 658.

page 154 note † Bohucfc, Histoire des Sarmates, 465, 469.

page 158 note * Zeller, Hist. d'Allemagne, 433.

page 159 note * Pertz, i. 227.

page 160 note * , Reginon, ad ann. 814Google Scholar;, Kunik, op. til., 278Google Scholar.

page 161 note * Saxo, Poeta, ad ann. 777Google Scholar; Kruse, 8, note 8; Spruner's Map, loc. cit.

page 161 note † Laurissenses, Annales, etc., ad annum; vide Kruse, 8Google Scholar;, Kellerop. cit., 431Google Scholar.

page 161 note ‡ Kruse, 14, note 4.

page 162 note * Kruse, 15, 16, notes 32, 33.

page 162 note † Annales Laurissenses, Pertz, i. 160; Eginhardt, ib., 161; Reginon, ib, 559, etc.

page 162 note ‡ Anskar's Life of St Willehad, Pertz, ii. 382; Kruse, 20.

page 163 note * Op. at., Kruse, 4, 5.

page 163 note † Kunik, op. tit., i. 279.

page 163 note ‡ Kruse, 7, 8.

page 163 note § Kunik, 280, note, ib., 6.

page 163 note ∥ Kruse, 7.

page 164 note * Erhard's Res Gesta, i. 105; Kunik, 286, note.

page 164 note † Ann. Lauriss., Pertz, i. 162–164; Kruse, 16.

page 164 note ‡ Kruse, 17, note.

page 164 note § Ann. Lauriss., Pertz, i. 162–164; Kruse, 16, 17.

page 165 note * Life of St Liudger, Pertz, ii. 410; Kruse, 19.

page 165 note † Anskar, Life of St Willehad, Pertz, ii. 382; Kruse, 20.

page 166 note * Annales Laurissenses, Pertz, i. 162–164; Kruse, 17.

page 166 note † Kruse. 22, 23; Zeller, 439, 440.

page 166 note ‡ Kruse, 5.

page 167 note * Pertz, ii. 420.

page 167 note † Life of St Liudger, Pertz, ii. 410.

page 167 note ‡ Vita Willehadi, Pertz, ii. 383, and Chron. Moiss., Pertz, ii. 257; Kruse, 23, 24

page 167 note § Kruse, f127.

page 168 note * Kruse, 29.

page 168 note † Ib., 29, 30.

page 168 note ‡ Ib.

page 168 note § Ib., 30.

page 168 note ∥ Ib., 31.

page 168 note ∥ Ib., 31.

page 169 note * Kruse, 32, 33.

page 169 note † Annales Laurissenses, Pertz, i. 186; Einhardt, Pertz, i. 187; Kruse, 36.

page 169 note ‡ Einhardt, Pertz, i. 190.

page 169 note § Ann. St Amandi, Pertz, i. 14; Ann. Xantenses, Ib., ii. 224; Einhardt, ib., i. 191, 192; Reginon, Ib., i. 563; Kruse, 37, 38.

page 169 note ∥ Vide Pertz, i. 307, ii. 258.

page 170 note * Poeta Saxo, Pertz, i. 260; Eginhard, Pertz, i. 417; Annales Quedlmburgensis, i. 40; Annalista Saxo, i. 561; Kruse, 37.

page 170 note † Einhardt, Pertz, i. 191, 192; Reginon, Ib., 563; Annalista Saxo, ib., viii. 565; Kruse, 38, 42.

page 171 note * Adam of Bremen, i. 15; Annalista Saxo, Pertz, viii. 565; Helmold, Kruse, 42.

page 171 note † Op. cit., Pertz, i. 263; Kruse, 45.

page 171 note ‡ Adam of Bremen, Pertz, ix. 311.

page 171 note § Einhardt in Pertz, i. 195; Kruse, 46.

page 172 note * Einhardt, Pertz, i. 195; Chron. Moiss., Pertz, ii. 258; Kruse, 46, 48.

page 172 note † Lesser Annals of Lorsch, Pertz, i. 263; Krase, 49, 50.

page 172 note ‡ Kruse, 47.

page 172 note § Kruse, 50, note.

page 173 note * This has been identified by several inquirers with Itzehoe on the Stur. Mannert (Gesch. der alt. Deuts., i. 486), would place it on the site of Gluckstadt at the mouth of that river.

page 173 note † Einhardt, i. 196, 197; Kruse, 51.

page 173 note ‡ Einhardt, Pertz, i. 197, 198; Fulda Annals, Ib., i. 354, 355; Kruse, 53, etc.

page 174 note * Kruse, 53.

page 174 note † Einhardt, Pertu, i. 197, 198, etc.; Kruse, 53–61.

page 174 note ‡ Pertz, ii. 757; Kruse, 56.

page 175 note * Saxo, ed. Muller, 165.

page 181 note * Kruse, 9.

page 182 note * Annales Lobiensibus, 711; Kruse, 9.

page 183 note † Kruse, 10.

page 183 note ‡ Chron. St. Mart. Coloniensis, Pertz, ii. 214; Kruse, 9.