^{page 177 note 1} Holland's, LadyJournal, i, 217—18, 265.Google Scholar

^{page 178 note 1} P.R.O., G.D. 29, Private Granville MSS. Canning to Charles Ellis, 27 May, 1826.

^{page 178 note 2} Hatherton Mss. Hatherton's Diary, 2 July, 1845.

^{page 178 note 3} He confessed that he had lost between £ 80,000 and £100,000 in early life (Hatherton MSS. Diary, 22 Feb., 1818).

^{page 178 note 4} It was thought that had Fox lived, Granville Leveson would have formally connected himself with the Whigs (Harrowby MSS. Lady Bathurst to Lady Harrowby, n.d. [1806]).

^{page 178 note 5} Spencer Walpole's Life of Perceval, ii. 17.

^{page 178 note 6} Hatherton MSS. Diary, 18 April, 1833. Canning once spoke of “his natural disposition to see in black rather than in rose-colour” (Brit. Mus. Add. MS. [Huskisson Papers] 38737, f. 163).

^{page 179 note 1} Gent. Mag., Feb. 1827, p. 179.

^{page 179 note 2} Harewood MSS. Canning to Newbolt, Sat.

^{page 179 note 3} Granville MSS. Canning to Granville Leveson, 6 Dec, 1806.

^{page 180 note 1} Granville MSS. Boringdon to Granville Leveson, 7 Sept., 1801.

^{page 180 note 2} Ibid. Canning to Granville Leveson, 27 Nov., 1801.

^{page 180 note 3} Ibid. Boringdon to Granville Leveson, 5 and 15 Nov., 7 Dec, 1801; Chas. Ellis to Granville Leveson, 18 Dec, 1801.

^{page 180 note 4} Ibid. Canning to Granville Leveson, 14 Oct., 1801.

^{page 181 note 1} Granville Leveson decided not to vote, on the ground that it was not worth while to risk his seat at the General Election when he had already expressed his disapproval of the Preliminary Treaty (Granville MSS. Canning to Granville Leveson, 5 May, 1802).

^{page 181 note 2} Canning wrote to Frere (1 June, 1802): “You will have seen that Charles was ready too with a vote against the Peace—and George, and Morpeth. For George I was not prepared. Morpeth I was well aware of. And Charles I knew had a strong inclination to give such a vote—but till it was actually given I did not feel sure that his heart might not fail him. His stoutness I believe was much corroborated by finding himself reckoned upon so confidently the other way—Hervey praying him to come up, and his t'other uncle Jenk sitting by him during the debate and looking grateful for his attention in coming up two days following from Claremont… You may conceive the astonishment and indignation that his vote produced. It is of course referred to me—and the shame of being so much under influence is imputed to him and to Morpeth in a way to make the latter still more inveterate against the present people than he was before… It was said too that I was very cowardly not to show my opinion by my own vote instead of by those of my friends. Hence I took occasion in opening the Trinidad motion to declare as plainly as I could what was my opinion upon the Peace, and to intimate the reasons which had alone prevented me from acting upon it” (Add. MS. (Canning and Frere Papers) 38883, f. 121).

^{page 182 note 1} Charles Ellis, Binning, Joliffe, Holt Leigh.

^{page 182 note 2} Bourne, Cartwright, Dent, Hon. H. A. Dillon, Sir Wm. Elford, Gascoyne, F. Gregor, Sir R. Lawley, Leveson, Sir H. Mildmay, Morpeth, Osborn, and Patten. Canning added: “Dillon is perhaps rather a Windhamite than one of us” (Add. MS. 38883, f. 149). Letter partly printed, without Lists, in Festing, Frere and his Friends, p. 95.

^{page 182 note 3} Bagot, Canning and his Friends, i, 197.

^{page 182 note 4} Colchester, Diary, i, 412, 487.

^{page 182 note 5} Granville MSS. Canning to Granville Leveson, 17 Nov., 1803.

^{page 182 note 6} P.R.O., Private Pitt MSS. 120. Canning to Pitt, 9 May, 1804. Of the sixteen, Dillon, Sir Wm. Elford, Gregor, John Osborn, and Patten were not really members of Canning's group.

^{page 183 note 1} Festing, p. 104. s Pitt MSS. (120) Canning to Pitt, 9 May, 1804–3 In July he accepted the St. Petersburg Embassy.

^{page 183 note 4} Granville MSS. Canning to Granville Leveson, 25 Feb., 1805.

^{page 183 note 5} Ibid. Canning to Granville Leveson, 6 and 11 Jan., 1805.

^{page 183 note 6} Ibid. Granville Leveson to Morpeth, April, 1805.

^{page 184 note 1} Granville MSS. Morpeth to Granville Leveson, 7 Feb. and 24 Sept., 1806.

^{page 184 note 2} Add. MS. 38883, f. 225. To J. H. Frere, 28 Jan., 1807.

^{page 184 note 3} Granville MSS. Canning to Granville Leveson, 23 Sept., 1806.

^{page 184 note 4} Harrowby MSS. Canning to Lord Harrowby, 29 Dec, 1807.

^{page 184 note 5} Granville MSS. Canning to Granville Leveson, 6 Dec, 1806.

^{page 185 note 1} Granville MSS. Canning to Granville Leveson, 6 Dec, 1806.

^{page 185 note 2} Sturges Bourne and Huskisson, it seems, would probably have been given places; Sir Henry Mildmay would have had a peerage; and Charles Long and George Rose (Pittites now acting with Canning) were also to be provided for. (Fortescue and Lonsdale Papers in Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports; Rose MSS. in Brit. Museum, not yet fully catalogued; Granville MSS.; Lady Holland's Journal, ii, 208; and Buckingham, Courts & Cabinets of George III, iv, 125–41.)

^{page 186 note 1} Granville MSS. Morley to Granville, 19 Sept., 1822; Add. MSS. (Liverpool Papers) 38193, f. 183.

^{page 186 note 2} Bagot, i, 238; Letters of First Earl of Malmesbury, ii, 25, 181.

^{page 186 note 3} Granville MSS. Canning to Granville Leveson, 2 April, 1807.

^{page 186 note 4} Private Corr. of Lord G. L. Gower, ii, 247.

^{page 187 note 1} Granville MSS. Canning to Granville Leveson, 15, 17, and 18 April, 1807; Granville Leveson to Canning, 7 and 18 April, 1807.

^{page 187 note 2} Granville Leveson was ready to take the office either of Secretary at War or of President of the Board of Control. (Windsor MSS., Portland to the King, 18 June, 1809.)

^{page 187 note 3} Granville MSS. Boringdon to Granville Leveson, 4 and 8 April, and three other undated letters (written, probably, in April, 1809). This is confirmed by Queen Charlotte's letter to the Prince Regent, dated 21 May, 1812: “…With infinite concern do I see by to-day's papers that the correspondence as well as the conversation between Lord Liverpool, Marquis of Wellesley and Mr. Canning (not Cunning) is published. This is the first time I ever remember such a transaction being given out in the public prints, and I can not help reflecting with pleasure how well the dear King judged the characters of those two individuals, by proving themselves such as he always described them to me…” (Windsor MSS.). Boringdon thought that in view of the King's prejudices, Canning ought to open negotiations with the Whigs, and agree to serve under Lord Grey.

^{page 187 note 4} Walpole's Perceval, ii, 15; Rose, Diaries, ii, 350, 485;Malmesbury Corresp., ii, 146.

^{page 188 note 1} Rose, ii, 353; Plumer Ward's Diary, i, 302; Malmesbury Corr., ii, 161. Canning wrote to Granville Leveson (19 Sept., 1809): “You will be glad to learn that Huskisson has proved not only true but most zealous. And I know not how to be very sorry to have to tell you that old Rose in tears remains Treasurer of the Navy” (Granville MSS.).

^{page 188 note 2} Rose, ii, 383, 401; Walpole's Perceval, ii, 47, 49; Bulwer's Palmerston, i, 92; Malmesbury Corr., ii, 169–92.

^{page 188 note 3} Granville MSS. Canning to Granville Leveson, 16 Aug., 1811; Plumer Ward, i, 351, 357. Possibly it was at this time that Gascoyne, who represented Liverpool, quarrelled with Canning and his friends (Plumer Ward, i. 338).

^{page 188 note 4} Bagot, i, 336, 346; Add. MSS. 38738, f. 92. Canning to Huskisson, 5 July, 1811.

^{page 189 note 1} Plumer Ward, i, 450—51.

^{page 189 note 2} Add. MS. (Wellesley Papers) 37297, ff. 166–70.

^{page 190 note 1} Pol. Life of Canning, i, 67. Huskisson was to have been Irish Secretary (apparently, not Treasurer of the Navy, as Chas. Abbot reported: Colchester, Diary, ii, 398); Granville Leveson to have had a Cabinet Office and a peerage; Binning would probably have been Canning's Under-secretary (Add. MSS. 38568, f. 29; 38742, f. 204; Buckingham's Regency Memoirs, i, 400; Wellington, Desp. Corr., and Memo., i, 355).

^{page 190 note 2} Granville MSS. Canning to Granville Leveson, 27 Sept., 1812.

^{page 190 note 3} Hatherton MSS. Diary, 1 Sept., 1847.

^{page 191 note 1} Ibid. Autobiography. He specifically mentions Huskisson, Leveson, Bourne, Ward, Boringdon, Binning, and Smith, and says there were several others. “ Lady Granville, Mrs. Huskisson and Lady Morley,” he adds, “ were always of the party, and frequently some of Lord Stafford's family, the Gowers.”

^{page 191 note 2} Plumer Ward, i, 339.

^{page 191 note 3} Greenough and William Taylor.

^{page 191 note 4} Add. MS. 38739, f. 70.

^{page 191 note 5} Canning offered Bourne the borough of Honiton, but he failed to reply in time; whereupon Canning nominated G. A. Robinson, a Director of the East India Company (Ross, Cornwallis Corresp., i, 455 n.; Add. MSS. 38739, ff. 38, 69; Bagot, i, 396).

^{page 191 note 6} Add. MSS. 38739, ff. 1, 9, 11, 51–2, 69, 78, 80.

^{page 191 note 7} Add. MS. 38260, f. 2. Wilbraham to Lord Liverpool, 23 Oct., 1814.

^{page 192 note 1} Add. MS. 38739, ff. 7, 36, 50. There are estimates of the strength of the Canning and Wellesley groups after the General Election in Parker's Peel, i, 45, 62; Brougham's Life & Times, ii, 71; Buckingham's Regency Memoirs, i, 411; Add. MS. 38363, f. 64. Since this was written, I have seen, in the Windsor MSS., Canning's letter of 17 Oct., 1812, to McMahon, the Prince Regent's secretary, in the course of which he says: “My friends are in general safe in their returns to Parliament. Three only have failed—Dent, Lord Binning, and Taylor. But I am returned or to be returned for two places besides Liverpool [he was returned for his friend Joliffe's borough, Petersfield, on 9 October, and for Sligo borough on 5 November]—so that I shall be able nearly to replace my old number; and I have had the satisfaction of being assured of support in new quarters, where I had no title to expect it.” [This probably refers to Sir L. Holmes’ offer of his boroughs to Canning and Wellesley.] Rather curiously, there-fore, Canning in this letter leaves Sturges Bourne, Greenough, and Bootle Wilbraham out of account, but his other letters, and those of his friends, show that he was anxious for their return too. He did make use of his double return for Petersfield [see p. 223], but a person who was never a member of Canning's party was returned for Sligo borough on 5 April, 1813.

^{page 192 note 2} Ibid., 37297, f. 187.

^{page 193 note 1} Ward received his ” dismissal from his master's service ” on 20 July (Dudley, Letters to ”Ivy,“ p. 209; Creevey Papers, p. 183; Add. MS. 38739, f. 101).

^{page 193 note 2} Letters to “Ivy,” p. 215.

^{page 193 note 3} Granville MSS. Ellis to Granville Leveson, 24 Oct., 1813.

^{page 193 note 4} Canning heard of this from Melville on 28 July (Granville MSS. Canning to Granville Leveson, 30 July, 1813; Add. MS. 38568, f. 56; Bagot, i, 399; Letters to “Ivy,” p. 213; Colchester, ii, 454; Private Corr. of Lord Granville Leveson Gower, ii, 470).

^{page 194 note 1} Hatherton MSS. Autobiography.

^{page 194 note 2} See Professor Temperley's Article in the Engl. Hist. Review, July, 1930. P. 424.

^{page 194 note 3} Lane-Poole, Life of Lord Stratford de Redcliffe, i, 282.

^{page 194 note 4} Stratford Canning, indeed, afterwards said that Canning had provided for the fair pretensions of every member of his Party (Nineteenth Century, Jan., 1880, Art. on Geo. Canning). M. Halèvy is wrong in stating (Hist, of the English People in 1815, p. 157) that Stratford Canning's appointment as Envoy to the Confederated Swiss Cantons was part of these arrangements. As early as November, 1813, Castlereagh promised him suitable diplomatic employment, and Stratford accepted the Embassy in April, 1814 (Lane-Poole, i, 212). M. Halevy is also in error in stating that Strat-ford Canning was George Canning's brother; and that Huskisson's post was specially created for him.

^{page 195 note 1} Letters to “Ivy,” pp. 239–40, 248; Dudley, Letters to the Bishop of Llandaff, pp. 52–3.

^{page 195 note 2} In the Autumn of 1815 Binning was offered the post of Ambassador to China, but declined it. It was then accepted by Amherst, one of Canning's friends in the House of Lords. Canning wrote to Huskisson from Lisbon (9 Dec, 1815): “You will perhaps have heard from Binning that opinions in Portugal differ somewhat from those in England respecting the desirableness of the Chinese Embassy. By putting his refusal on private grounds Binning of course disarms controversy. Of those, he only can judge. But as what he refused has been accepted by Amherst, I may venture to own that I am at least as glad that Amherst has taken it, as that Binning has passed it by” (Add. MS. 38740, f. 249; Bagot, ii, 10–11).

^{page 195 note 3} Liverpool wrote to Wm. Kenrick, who had announced his intention of resigning his seat: “As you are so good as to leave it to my option whether you shall make the first communication of your intention to vacate, to Sir Charles Cockerell or Lord Binning, I must inform you that I am so circumstanced as to Lord Binning that it is of the utmost importance to me that the seat should be offered to him… I shall be much obliged to you therefore if you will communicate to Mr. Huskisson, who is fully authorised by Lord Binning to enter into any explanations which may be necessary on the subject of your letter” (Add. MSS. 38458, f. 197; 38193, f. 68). Binning, however, was brought in, not for Bletchingly, but for Midshall (Michael).

^{page 195 note 4} He died, deeply regretted by Canning's friends, in 1816. Binning declined Liverpool's offer of the vacant seat at the Admiralty Board, as he wished to remain at the Board of Control and work with Canning. He was promoted to a salaried Commissionership of the India Board when Wallace retired in 1816, and so was Bourne two years later (succeeding Sullivan). (Harewood MSS. Binning to Canning, 19 April and 18 May, 1816; Huskisson to Canning, 18 May, 1816; Add. MS. 38272, f. 106.)

^{page 195 note 5} Yonge's Lord Liverpool, ii, 253–4.

^{page 195 note 6} Boringdon had written to Granville Leveson on 4 April, 1809: “I am impatient to learn from you what Canning has decided, as by this time his decision must have been taken. If there should be any question of his resigning (which I cannot say that I expect there will) you may hint to him that that would be a proper moment to fix for my advance in the peerage…” (Granville MSS.). He wrote to the King, asking for an earldom, on 3 July, 1809 (Windsor MSS.). The letter is merely endorsed: “Receipt acknowledged 4th July.”

^{page 196 note 1} Harrowby MSS. Morley to Harrowby, 2 Nov., 1815; 29 Oct., 1816; Granville MSS. Morley to Granville, 28 Dec, 1816.

^{page 196 note 2} Add. MS. 38260, ff. 95–8.

^{page 196 note 3} George Rose MSS. in B.M. Canning to Rose, 15 Aug., 1806.

^{page 196 note 4} Title, Lord Garvagh (Add. MSS. [Peel Papers] 40181, f. 76; 40292, f. 27).

^{page 196 note 5} Pitt MSS. (120). Dent to Canning, Friday [19 July, 1805].

^{page 196 note 6} Add. MS. 38739, f. 274.

^{page 197 note 1} Ibid., 38193, f. 41. Canning to Liverpool, 11 July, 1814.

^{page 197 note 2} Granville MSS. Seaford to Granville, 19 July, 1831.

^{page 197 note 3} Harewood MSS.

^{page 198 note 1} Unfortunately, it is at present impossible to quote the original letters, which are in the possession of Lord Harewood: Canning's letters to his wife have been mislaid.

^{page 198 note 2} Granville MSS. Seaford to Granville, n.d. [1831].

^{page 198 note 3} Add. MS. 38742, f. 255. Huskisson to Canning, 30 June, 1821.

^{page 199 note 1} Ibid., f. 256.

^{page 199 note 2} Ibid., 38743, f. 59; Granville MSS. Huskisson to Granville, 3 Dec, 1821.

^{page 199 note 3} Hatherton MSS. Autobiography.

^{page 199 note 4} Ibid. Diary, 12 June, 1840.

^{page 199 note 5} Ibid. Autobiography.

^{page 199 note 6} Add. MS. 38740, f. 109. Canning to Huskisson, 15 April, 1815.

^{page 200 note 1} Ibid., 38568, f. 60. Canning to Liverpool, 8 March, 1816.

^{page 200 note 2} Harewood MSS. Binning to Canning, 19 April, 1816; Stratford Canning to Canning, 29 March, 1816.

^{page 200 note 3} Granville MSS. Morley to Granville, 25 May, 1818.

^{page 200 note 4} Ibid. Morley to Granville, 10 March, 1819.

^{page 200 note 5} Ibid. Morley to Granville, 18 June, 1818. “He would like the voyage,” adds Morley, “and the climate and voyage might both prove beneficial to George” (Canning's invalid son).

^{page 200 note 6} Add. MS. 38742, f. 258. Huskisson to Canning, 30 June, 1821.

^{page 201 note 1} Ibid., f. 206; 38756, f. 227. “The uncomfortable and precarious state of things at home” was an inducement for acceptance; further, “it would be the means of a satisfactory and creditable employment for the next six years, and of an ample independence on my return to England.” But he feared that his health might suffer; he was apprehensive of “the effect of the wearing anxiety and irritation to which I know myself to be too liable, if my views and measures should be thwarted by conflicting authorities on the spot, or impeded and condemned by a vacillating or unfriendly Court of Directors at home”; and he was still hopeful of promotion at home. He wrote to his wife on 29 July, 1819: “Lord William Bentinck has finally declined Madras, after giving Canning every reason to believe that he would accept it. His wife has prevailed” (Add. MS. 39949, f. 79).

^{page 202 note 1} Hatherton MSS. Diary, 6 Feb., 1818; Autobiography. Littleton wrote on 6 Feb., 1818: “I once thought he [Smith] would have joined Government when Canning and most of Canning's friends did (amongst which number at that time I ranked myself, and was the only country gentleman belonging to it). But Smith preferred acting on his own views of each particular question.”

^{page 202 note 2} Harrowby MSS. Lord Harrowby to his son, Lord Sandon, 21 Dec, 1820.

^{page 202 note 3} Stapleton MSS. Canning to Chas. Ellis, 14 Oct., 1820.

^{page 202 note 4} The eldest son of the Duke of Portland (Mrs. Canning's brother-in-law). See p. 204. He died in 1824. Lady Williams Wynn wrote (9 March, 1824): “Poor Canning has been very much shocked by the death of Lord Titchfield, to whom he was particularly attached” (Corr. of Lady Williams Wynn, p. 307).

^{page 203 note 1} Granville MSS. Chas. Ellis to Granville, 5, 14 and 18 Dec, 1820.

^{page 203 note 2} Add. MS. 38742, f. 133. Binning to Huskisson, 13 Nov., 1820.

^{page 203 note 3} Ibid., f. 104.

^{page 203 note 4} Ibid., f. 175.

^{page 203 note 5} Granville MSS. Granville to Liverpool, and Liverpool's reply, 9 Nov., 1820; Harewood MSS. Canning to Liverpool, 13 Nov., 1820; to Harrowby, 12 Nov., 1820.

^{page 203 note 6} Harewood MSS.

^{page 204 note 1} Add. MS. 40319, ff. 57–67. Part of the letter has been printed in Croker Papers, i, 229.

^{page 204 note 2} He specifically mentions thirteen names. It is fairly easy to classify them, by their votes in Parliament. (a) Avowed Ministerialists: Huskisson, Binning, Ellis, William Courtenay, Ward, Gladstone, Bourne, Dent, and Joliffe. (b) Independent friends: Robert Smith, Lord Titchfield, Lord Wm. Bentinck, and Agar Ellis.

^{page 204 note 3} He mentions Littleton, Wortley, Grant, Tennyson, Heber, Gipps, and Marryat.

^{page 205 note 1} Bathurst Papers, p. 527.

^{page 205 note 2} Ibid., p. 526.

^{page 205 note 3} Wellington, Desp. Corr., and Memo., i, 277.

^{page 205 note 4} Add. MS. (Huskisson Papers) 38743, f. 176 (27 July, 1822).

^{page 205 note 5} Bagot, ii, 129.

^{page 206 note 1} To Croker (Add. MS. 40319, f. 57).

^{page 206 note 2} Wellington, Desp. Corr., and Memo., i, 261.

^{page 206 note 3} Stapleton MSS. Vernon was Lord Granville's nephew, and in 1812 he had tried to promote a union of the Whigs and the Canningites. “Mr. Perceval's death, and the events which followed it,” he added, “defeated the sanguine hope which I then entertained of seeing you at the head of a Party which, detaching itself from the violent part of the Opposition, might be content to coincide in the liberal and enlightened views of policy which you had then recently expressed in differing on important topics from Mr. Perceval's system of government. I have never ceased to regret the failure of what then appeared to me a possible and desirable arrangement, nor have I subsequently taken the least interest in party politics, nor formed any connection with any member of the Government which I have been generally supporting.”

^{page 207 note 1} Harewood MSS.

^{page 207 note 2} Wellington, Desp. Corr., and Memo., i, 277.

^{page 207 note 3} Add. MS. 38744, f. 14. Arbuthnot to Huskisson, 8 Jan., 1823.

^{page 207 note 4} Binning wished to retain his seat in Parliament. At this time only two Under-Secretaries were allowed to sit in the House of Commons, and Dawson and Wilmot Horton were not disposed to retire (Add. MS. 40351, f. 85). Ward hesitated as usual and eventually declined the offer (Stapleton and Harewood MSS. contain many references). But for his political obligations to others, Canning would have offered the Under-Secretaryship to Granville Vernon (Stapleton MSS. Canning to Vernon, 20 Oct., 1822).

^{page 208 note 1} Harewood MSS. Canning to Liverpool, 14 Sept., 1822.

^{page 208 note 2} Yonge's Liverpool, iii, 206.

^{page 208 note 3} Harewood MSS. Canning to Liverpool, 14 Sept., 1822.

^{page 208 note 4} Ibid. Liverpool to Canning, 15 Sept., 1822.

^{page 208 note 5} Add. MS. 38743, f. 237. Canning to Huskisson, 9 Oct., 1822. “I am weary of all this,” he wrote to Huskisson on 10 Jan., 1823, “and envy Amherst his berth on board the Jupiter” (Ibid., 38744, f. 17).

^{page 208 note 6} Granville MSS. Charles Ellis to Granville, 28 Oct., 1822. “Somewhat [sic], I confess I cannot guess how, but certainly somehow, he [Amherst] had contrived to please the East India Directors by his Chinese Embassy, and had occurred to them without Canning's suggestion; but without Canning's help he as certainly would not have succeeded. This, I trust, he knows, and this knowledge, and the notoriety of his connexion with Canning, render him, as far as Canning is concerned, the most desirable choice.”

^{page 209 note 1} Add. MS. 38743, ff. 248–9. Canning to Huskisson, 23 Oct., 1822. “I am confident that the Government would have been disgraced by allowing a man to go, who intrigued for the station, against them, and in defiance of their known wishes and authority. His connexion with me might perhaps have corrected this impression, if he had been contented to work through that connexion, but after T[itchfield]'s speech at Lynn, I should have been as much disgraced as the Government by his success.… “See also Yonge's Liverpool, iii, 204.

^{page 209 note 2} Yonge's Liverpool, iii, 207.

^{page 209 note 3} Hatherton MSS. Diary, 22 Feb., 1818. “But I am mistaken,” said Littleton, who reported this, “if he would not like to go to Paris.”

^{page 209 note 4} Granville MSS. Morley to Granville, 19 Nov. and 1 Dec, 1822.

^{page 210 note 1} Granville MSS. Morley to Granville, 19 Nov., 1822.

^{page 210 note 2} Add. MS. 38750, f. 100; f. 252; Granville MSS., Granville to Morley, undated [1823]; Stapleton MSS., Morley to Stapleton, 1 and 17 Dec, 1824.

^{page 210 note 3} Granville MSS. Canning to Ellis, 27 May, 1826.

^{page 210 note 4} Ibid. Canning to Ellis, 27 May, 1826; Windsor MSS. Liverpool to the King, 17 April, 1826; Canning to the King, 11 April and 30 May, 1826. “…Mr. Ellis was really overwhelmed by a communication so totally unexpected: and it was not till after four and twenty hours of reflection that he could persuade himself that he should do right in availing himself of such exceeding kindness on the part of Your Majesty.…” Ellis now became Lord Seaford.

^{page 211 note 1} Add. MS. 38750, f. 251. Morley to Huskisson, 8 Sept., 1827.

^{page 211 note 2} Ibid., 38749, f. 190. Huskisson to Canning, 17 April, 1827. Huskisson's going to India as Governor-General had been discussed a few days earlier (ibid.).

^{page 211 note 3} Harewood MSS. Bourne to Canning, 26 April, 1827. Before Canning decided to give up the Foreign Office he asked Sturges Bourne to take the Chancellorship of the Exchequer. (Windsor MSS. The King's Memorandum [written about the end of August, 1827]).

^{page 211 note 4} Ibid. Canning to Bourne, 26 April, 11.30 p.m.

^{page 211 note 5} Ibid. Mrs. Canning to the Duke of Portland, 21 April, 1827. He replied next day.

^{page 212 note 1} Add. MS. 38747, f. 104. Canning to Huskisson, 14 Sept., 1825.

^{page 212 note 2} As early as 1824 Canning had changed his opinion in regard to Lord William Bentinck and the Governor-Generalship. He wrote to Wynn, the President of the India Board, on 27 Nov., 1824: “I certainly should feel exceedingly embarrassed towards Lord William Bentinck if the offer which you mention were to be made to Lord Dalhousie, unless it had been made first to Lord William Bentinck and by him refused” (Harewood MSS.).

^{page 212 note 3} Add. MS. 38750, ff. 100, 251.

^{page 212 note 4} Title, Lord Melros.

^{page 212 note 5} Hatherton MSS. Diary, 12 June, 1840; Littleton to the Rev. W. Leigh, 28 April, 1827.

^{page 212 note 6} Granville MSS. Seaford to Granville, 19 June, 1827.

^{page 213 note 1} Ibid. Horton to Granville, 22 June, 1827.

^{page 213 note 2} Add. MS. 38750, ff. 83, 105, 233, 235.

^{page 213 note 3} Harrowby MSS. Bourne to Lord Harrowby, 11 Aug., 1827; Granville MSS. Seaford to Granville, 14 Aug., 1827; Windsor MSS. Sturges Bourne to the King, 11 Aug., 1827. Nothing but a sense of duty now prevented him from resigning the minor office of First Commissioner of Woods and Forests which he had accepted in July, “for the temporary purpose of preventing an arrangement which Mr. Canning apprehended would be less acceptable to Your Majesty.”

^{page 213 note 4} Granville MSS. Horton to Granville, 22 June, 1827.

^{page 213 note 5} Harewood MSS. Carlisle to Canning, 26 April, 1827; Granville MSS. Lord Holland to Granville, 1 Jan., 1828.

^{page 214 note 1} Granville MSS. This letter clears up the uncertainty that has existed as to whether Granville was really offered the Foreign Secretaryship, as Princess Lieven asserted (Diary of Princess Lieven, ed. by Professor Temperley, pp. 124–5).

^{page 214 note 2} Add. MS. 40340, f. 179. Arbuthnot to Peel, 17 Aug., 1827. He added: “Lord Liverpool used always to wonder to me what could have induced Lord Londonderry to bring him into the Cabinet … [Canning] was so struck with his failure in the Lords that for a moment he had resolved to become a Peer himself. And Herries, who worked with him, could not contain himself, and never ceased telling me that he would never face the House of Lords again as a Minister.”

^{page 215 note 1} Bulwer's Palmerston, i, 220.

^{page 215 note 2} Stapleton MSS. Stapleton to Lady Canning, 3 Dec., 1830.

^{page 215 note 3} Bulwer's Palmerston, i, 190; Parl. Deb., N.S., XVIII, 77.

^{page 215 note 4} Letters to “ Ivy,” p. 328.

^{page 215 note 5} Granville MSS. Morley to Granville, 16 Nov., 1826.

^{page 216 note 1} Add. MS. 38301, f. 262. Liverpool to Canning, 10 July, 1826.

^{page 216 note 2} Ibid., f. 258.

^{page 216 note 3} Ibid., f. 270.

^{page 216 note 4} Ibid., ff. 274–6.

^{page 216 note 5} Granville MSS. Morley to Granville, 14 and 21 July, 1826.

^{page 217 note 1} Harrowby MSS. Canning to Harrowby, 29 Dec., 1807.

^{page 217 note 2} For example, he wrote to Morley on 30 September, 1822: “I take no joy, and I feel none. I have sacrificed my interests, my wishes, and I believe my happiness; but I hope I have done my duty” (Parl. Deb., N.S., XIX, 1115).

^{page 218 note 1} Add. MS. 38738, f. 101. Canning to Huskisson, 25 July, 1811.

^{page 218 note 2} Yonge's Liverpool, i, 421.

^{page 218 note 3} Hatherton MSS. Diary, 4 Feb., 1845.

^{page 218 note 4} Lady Airlie, In Whig Society, p. 20.

^{page 218 note 5} Stapleton MSS. Backhouse to Stapleton, 26 and 29 Dec., 1830. See Lord Broughton's Diary, v, 179. Granville said: “Canning was antirevolutionary, but he sought to avoid revolution, not by stubborn resistance to all movement and reformation, but by rendering the acts of the Government conformable to the spirit of the times” (Granville MSS. Granville to Haddington, 8 Jan., 1829).

^{page 218 note 6} Granville MSS. Seaford to Granville, 29 May, 1827.

^{page 218 note 7} Hatherton MSS. Littleton to the Rev. W. Leigh, 6 April, 1835.

^{page 219 note 1} Granville MSS. Littleton to Granville, 7 March, 1825.

^{page 219 note 2} Parl. Hist., 26 Feb., 1793, 18 Feb., 7 and 15 March, 1796, 6 April and 15 May, 1797. 1 March, 1799.

^{page 221 note 1} I have compiled the following lists from the manuscript material cited in the Paper, and from the two printed lists mentioned below.

^{page 221 note 2} Add. MS. 38833, f. 65. Canning to Hookham Frere, 14 Dec, 1801.

^{page 221 note 3} Ibid., f. 217.

^{page 222 note 1} Harewood MSS. Huskisson to Canning, 30 June, 1818.

^{page 224 note 1} Palmerston gives the names of II Peers and 27 members of the House of Commons, and says there are “several others who have a great leaning towards us.” Colchester says (2 June, 1828) that there are “at present from 21 to 25” in the House of Commons, but gives the names of only 17. Palmerston's List, which, like Colchester's, contains several inaccuracies, includes a certain Lord Spencer Chichester, but I have been unable to trace anyone of that name in the Parliament of 1826–30. Arthur Chichester's father, Lord Spencer Chichester, died in 1819. John Gladstone, father of the Prime Minister, was also returned at the general election of 1826, but I have not included him in the above list, for his election was declared void by the House of Commons, and on 29 March, 1827, Sir Francis Blake was elected for Berwick-on-Tweed in his stead. Stratford Canning and Lord George Bentinck (both in Palmerston's List) were elected only on 2 April, 1828, and 4 Feb., 1828, respectively.