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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 February 2009
In order to understand the true import of the news which arrived at the Foreign Office from various quarters on July 16–23, 1807, it is necessary briefly to review the general situation. The coalition against France formed by the Powers, Russia, Prussia, Great Britain, and Sweden, entered upon a new phase when Russia and Prussia signed the Convention of Bartenstein, April 26, 1807. Its aims were to strengthen the alliance between those two Powers, and to bring Great Britain and Sweden into more active co-operation in the Continental War, to put an end to the vacillation of Austria and bring her into the field once more, and, lastly, if possible to secure the adhesion of Denmark. This last clause was worded as follows:—The allies proposed ‘à se concerter avec l'Autriche, l'Angleterre, et la Suéde pour faire accéder le Danemark à cette convention.’ These words clearly left it open to the allies to use force in bringing Denmark to their side. It should further be noticed, as bearing on one part of our inquiry, that the Courts of Russia and Prussia bound themselves never to dissociate their fortunes but to act in the closest accord. The terms of the Convention of Bartenstein were forwarded to Downing Street by Mr. George Jackson, British chargé d'affaires at the Court of Prussia, and received a hearty welcome from Canning.
page 61 note 1 Garden, , Traités, x. p. 407Google Scholar.
page 62 note 1 Tatischeff, , Nouvelle Revue, 06 1, 1890Google Scholar.
page 63 note 1 Life of Sir R. Wilson, vol. ii. p. 282.
page 63 note 2 See a note in the English Historical Review for January 1902; and Ola Days in Diplomacy, edited by MissDisbrowe, C. A. A., p. 89Google Scholar.
page 64 note 1 Diaries and Letters of Sir George Jackson, vol. ii. pp. 157–8.
page 65 note 1 James Wylie, M.D., was a Scotsman in Russian service—physician to Alexander I. when he was in England in 1814, when he (J. W.) was knighted. Sir Robert Wilson also refers (ii. p. 288) to the presence of a Captain Alison, who on July I, 1807, came from Tilsit, where he had seen Murat and had conversed with several French officers. I have been unable to find out more about this Captain Alison.
page 66 note 1 F.O. Denmark, No. 52.
page 67 note 1 Hansard, 1808, p. 275.
page 68 note 1 F.O. Denmark, No. 52. The Bernstorff papers relating to 1807 have not yet been published.
page 68 note 2 This important document exists amongst the semi-official papers of F. J. Jackson, recently presented to the Foreign Office by Lady Jackson, and transmitted to the Public Record Office. Its existence was communicated to the author by the Council of the Royal Historical Society with a proposal for editing the MS. in extenso on a future occasion.
page 68 note 3 For a similar account see his letter of July 18, Downing Street, in the Diaries and Letters of Sir George Jackson, vol. ii. pp. 187–8 (1872, LondGoogle Scholar
page 69 note 1 Admiralty (Orders and Instructions), No. 152.
page 70 note 1 Pp. 326, 328.
page 70 note 2 Hansard, p. 169: 48 George III. vol. x. (1808).
page 71 note 1 For the rest of the despatch see Napoleonic Studies, by Rose, J. H., pp. 162–163Google Scholar.
page 71 note 2 F.O. Russia, No. 70. (Canning to Gower, No. 32.)
page 72 note 1 War Office, No. 69. (Copenhagen volume.) (Gambier arrived in the Sound with the first contingent, 24 ships, on August 3.)
page 74 note 1 Lettres inédites de Talleyrand à Napléon, ed. by Bertrand, P. (Paris, 1889), p. 472Google Scholar.
page 74 note 2 Correspondance de Napoléon I er, No. 12826.
page 74 note 3 Ib. No. 12837.
page 75 note 1 Hansard, 1808, p. 66.
page 76 note 1 F.O. Denmark, 52. Clinton touched at Stralsund, landed at Copenhagen from the Havock on Sunday, July 5, and then after an hour proceeded up the Cattegat.