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IX. On Hindu Courts of Justice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 November 2009

Henry Thomas Colebrooke Esq.
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Extract

The composition of an Indian court of justice, conformably with the ancient Hindu institutions, being very imperfectly understood, and many erroneous notions having become prevalent on this subject, it appears to deserve a more full investigation than it has yet undergone; and, with this view, I submit to the Society the result of a careful perusal of original authorities of Hindu law relating to that point.

Type
Papers Read Before the Society
Information
Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland , Volume 2 , Issue 1 , March 1830 , pp. 166 - 196
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Asiatic Society 1830

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References

page 166 note * A short extract from this treatise was communicated to Mr. H. St. George Tucker, for insertion in the Appendix to his work on the financial state of the East-India Company.

page 169 note * Sm. Chandricá, &c.

page 174 note * Or Menu, according to the Simrĭti Chandrica.

page 174 note † Mádh.

page 174 note ‡ Bhrĭgu, cited in Sm. Ch. and Mádh.

page 174 note § Vrīhaspati, cited in Calpataru; Cátyáyana, in Vyavahára Chintáman′i.

page 175 note * Viramitródaya.

page 175 note † Mádh. in Mâdhavíya.page 175 note ‡ Vrīhaspati, cited in Sm. Ch. Calp. and Mâdh

page 175 note § Dév. Bh. in Sm. Ch.

page 176 note * Dév. Bh. in Sm. Ch.

page 176 note † Yájnyawalcya, 1. 30.

page 176 note ‡ Náreda, 1. 8.

page 176 note § Vrīhaspati, cited in Viramitr., and partially in Vyav. Chínt. and Dípacalicá.

page 176 note ∥ Vyása, cited in Mádh.

page 176 note ¶ Pitámaha, cited in Sm. Ch.

page 177 note * Pitámaha, cited in Sm. Ch. and Mádh.

page 177 note † Cátyáyana, cited in the Calpataru.

page 177 note ‡ Vyása, as cited in Mádh. and Víramitr.; and Náreda quoted in Vyav. Chint. and Cáyáyana, in Calp.

page 177 note § Vrīhaspati, cited in Calp. and Víramitr.

page 177 note ∥ Vrīhaspati and Cátyáyana, cited in Calp. Vyar. Chint., &c.

page 177 note ¶ Cátyáyana, cited in Calp.

page 177 note ** Menu, 8. 390–391.

page 177 note †† Aparárca on Yájnyawalcya, 1. 30.

page 178 note * S′úlapán′i in Dipacalicá.

page 178 note † Vijnyánés′warg, Mitáesharé en Yájnyawaleya, 1. 30.

page 179 note * Mitra mis′ra, in Viramitródaya

page 180 note * Váchaspati mis′ra in Vyavahára Chintáman′i.

page 180 note † Mitr. mis′r. in Víramitr.

page 180 note ‡ Lacshmidhara, in Calp.

page 180 note § Mitr. mis′r. in Víramitr.

page 180 note ∥ Vách. mis′r. in Vyav. Chint.

page 181 note * Cullúca Bh. on Menu, 8. 390. 391.

page 181 note † Lacshm. in Calp.

page 181 note ‡ Náreda, 1. 16.

page 181 note § Prajápati, cited in the Sm. Ch.

page 181 note ∥ Vrĭhaspati, cited in Calpataru and Viramitródaya. Some stanzas are transposed in the first-mentioned compilation.

page 182 note * Viramitr.

page 182 note † Mádhav.

page 182 note ‡ Vrĭh., expounded in Sm. Chand.

page 182 note § Prajápati.

page 182 note ∥ Náreda, or Yama.

page 182 note ¶ Yájnyawalcya, 2. 1.

page 182 note ** Cátyáyana. See likewise Menu, 8. 1. 2.

page 182 note †† Vishn′u, 3 and 73.

page 182 note ‡‡ Prajápeti.

page 182 note §§ Náreda. 1. 32.

page 182 note ∥∥ Vrihaspati, cited in Calp. and Mádh.

page 183 note * Menu, 8. 9.

page 183 note † Yâjnyawalcya, 2. 3. 9.

page 183 note ‡ Cátyáyana, cited in Sm. Chand. Calp., &c.

page 183 note § Vyâsa, cited in Sm Chand, &c.

page 183 note ∥ Vishn′u, 3. 73.

page 183 note ¶ Menu.

page 183 note ** Gautama, 13.

page 183 note †† Vyása, cited in Calp. and Chint.

page 183 note ‡‡ Cátyáyana, cited in Sm. Chand.

page 183 note §§ Vrĭhaspati, in Sm. Chand, &c.

page 183 note ∥∥ Gautama, 13.

page 183 note ¶¶ Národa.

page 183 note *** Viramitródaya.

page 184 note * Viramitródaya.

page 184 note † Mitácshará on Yájnyawalcya, 2. 3.

page 184 note ‡ Viramitródaya.

page 184 note § Raghunandana in Vyavahára-tatwa.

page 184 note ∥ Same in Divya-tatwa.

page 184 note ¶ Smrĭti Chandricá.

page 184 note ** Vrihaspati, cited in Sm. Chand.

page 184 note †† Menu, 8. 10. 11.

page 184 note ‡‡ Vrĭhaspati, in Mit. Calp. and Mádh.

page 185 note * Nárcda, 1. § 2. 3.

page 185 note † Yájnyawalcya, 2. 2.

page 185 note ‡ Cályáyana, cited in Calp., &c.

page 185 note § Vrihaspati, ibid.

page 185 note ∥ Vishn′u, 3. 74.

page 185 note ¶ Nareda, 1. § 2. 7. 8.

page 185 note ** Vrihaspati, in Sm. Chand. and Calp. and Madh.

page 186 note * Call. Bh. on Menu, 8. 10. 11.

page 186 note † Dév. Bh. in Sm. Ch.

page 186 note ‡ Mit. on Yájn.

page 186 note § Mitr. mis′r. in Viramitr.

page 186 note ∥ Mit. on Yájn.

page 186 note ¶ Ragh. in Vyav. talwa.

page 186 note ** Calpataru.

page 186 note †† Dév. Bh. in Sm. Ch.

page 186 note ‡‡ Lacshm. in Calp.

page 186 note §§ Náreda, 1. § 2. 2. Vasisht′ha, cited in Sm. Chand.

page 186 note ∥∥ Vrĭhaspati, cited in Calpataru.

page 187 note * Náreda, 1. § 2. 1.

page 187 note † Menu, 8. 13. Náreda 1. § 2. 16.

page 187 note ‡ Médhátit'hi on Menu.

page 187 note § Váchespati mis′ra.

page 187 note ∥ Mit. on Yájn.

page 187 note ¶ Cátyáyana, cited in the Sm. Chand., &c.

page 187 note ** Ibid.

page 187 note †† Mitácshará.

page 187 note ‡‡ Mádhavíya.

page 187 note §§ Vyása, cited in Sm. Chand.

page 187 note ∥∥ Vásisht'ha, 19.

page 187 note ¶¶ Mitra mis′ra in Víramitródaya.

page 187 note *** Dév. Bh. in Sm. Chand.

page 188 note * Menu, 7 141.

page 188 note † Vyása, cited in Sm. Ch.

page 188 note ‡ Menu, 7. 54.

page 188 note § Dév. Bh. in Sm. Ch.

page 188 note ∥ Calyáyana, cited in Calp.

page 188 note ¶ Vrihaspati, cited in Sm Ch. and Madh.

page 188 note ** Vyása, cited in the same.

page 188 note †† Vrīhaspati, cited in the same.

page 188 note ‡‡ Vyasa, ib.

page 189 note * Dév Bh. in Sm. Ch.

page 189 note † Vách. mis′r. in Vyav. Chint., and Dév. Bh. in Sm. Ch.

page 189 note ‡ Mitr. mis′r. in Viramitr.

page 189 note § Cályáyana, cited by Bálam Bhat′t′a.

page 189 note ∥ Menu, ib.

page 189 note ¶ Náreda, 1. 62 and 66. 69.

page 189 note ** Vrĭhaspati, cited by Bal. Bh.

page 190 note * Menu, 8. 306.

page 190 note † Yájnyawaleya, 1. 360.

page 190 note ‡ Menu, 8. 128.

page 190 note § Yájnyawaleya, 1. 259.

page 190 note ∥ Menu, 9. 249.

page 190 note ¶ The author is not named.

page 190 note ** Mitr. mis′r. in Viramitr.

page 190 note †† Yájnyawalcya.

page 190 note ‡‡ Mitácshara.

page 190 note §§ Smr ti Chandricá.

page 190 note ∥∥ Náreda, 18. 9. 10, Yăma, cited in Vyav. Chint. and Cályáyana, quoted in other compilations.

page 191 note * Vách, mis′r. in Vyav. Chint.

page 191 note † Cátyáyana.

page 191 note § Cátyáyana, cited in Sm. Chand. Calp. and Vyav. Chint. Several of the verses are quoted as Náreda's in Viramitr. and variations occur in the reading of the text.

page 191 note ∥ The reading here is slowly ‘sánaih,’ instead of ‘sa taih,’ by them, as in other compilations, Calp. Chint., &c.

page 191 note ¶ Sm. Ch.

page 191 note ** Vyav. Chint.

page 191 note †† Catyáyana, cited in Sm. Ch., but Náreda as quoted in Viramitr.

page 191 note ‡‡ Mitr. mis′r. in Viramitr.

page 191 note §§ Náreda, 1. 2. 11.

page 192 note * Vrĭhaspati, cited in Calp. &c.

page 192 note † Náreda, 1. 2. 21. and Hárita, cited in Sm. Ch.

page 192 note ‡ Náreda, 1.2.6.

page 192 note § Vrihaspati, cited in Calp.

page 192 note ∥ Cályáyana, cited in Calp., &c.

page 192 note ¶ Menu, 8. 16. 17., Náreda, 1. 2. 9. 10. Hárita, and Baudháyana, cited in Calp.

page 192 note ** Menu, 8. 15. Náreda, 1.2.14.

page 192 note †† Náreda, 1.2.12.

page 192 note ‡‡ Menu, 8.14. Náreda, 1.2.13.

page 192 note §§ Náreda, 1. 2. 17.

page 192 note ∥∥ Menu, 8. 12. Náreda, 1. 2.15.

page 192 note ¶ Náreda, 1. 2. 22. and Hárita.

page 192 note *** Náreda, 1.2.23.24.

page 193 note * Náreda, 1. 60.

page 193 note † Cátyáyana, cited in Sm. Chand Calp. and Madh.

page 193 note ‡ Yájnyawalcya, 2. 4.

page 193 note § Vrĭhaspati, cited in Sm. Chand, &c.

page 193 note ∥ Vishn′u, 5. 179. 180.

page 193 note ¶ Yájnyawalcya, 1.340.

page 193 note ** Vrĭhaspati, cited in Vyav. Chint.

page 193 note †† Catyáyana, cited in the Calp, &c.

page 193 note ‡‡ Vyav. Chint.

page 193 note §§ Dév. Bh. in Sm. Chand.

page 194 note * Mit. on Yájn. 2. 4.

page 194 note † Aparérca on Vájn. 2. 4.

page 194 note ‡ Alluding apparently to Aparârca.

page 194 note § Dév. Bh. in Sm. Chand.

page 194 note ∥ Vách. mis′r. in Vyav. Chint.

page 194 note ¶ Dév. Bh. in Sm. Chand.

page 194 note ** Cátyáyana, cited in Sm. Chand. and Madh.

page 194 note †† Dev. Bh.

page 194 note ‡‡ Sanc'ha, cited in Sm. Ch.

page 194 note §§ As read in the Madh.

page 194 note ∥∥ As read in Sm. Chan.

page 194 note ¶¶ Vrihaspati, cited in Sm. Ch. and Madh.

page 195 note * Mádhava.

page 195 note † Dév. Bh.

page 195 note ‡ Sm. Chand.

page 195 note § Menu, 7. 145.

page 195 note ∥ Vrĭhaspati, cited in Sm. Chand. and Madh.

page 195 note ¶ Cátyáyana, cited in Sm. Chand, &c.

page 195 note ** Dév. Bh. in Sm. Ch.

page 195 note †† Ragh. in Vyav. tatwa.

page 195 note ‡‡ Mitr. mis′r. in Viramitr.

page 195 note §§ Samvarta, cited in Sm. Chand.

page 195 note ∥∥ Mitr. mis′r. in Viramitr.

page 196 note * Vrĭhaspati, cited in Sm.Chand.

page 196 note † Mitr. mis′r. in Víramtr.