Small telescopes can be powerful tools for astronomical research. Many are being used by professional and amateur astronomers to do important, even frontier, research. They are also extremely valuable tools for education. This paper discusses the characteristics of such telescopes, and it makes recommendations about items such as field of view, focal length, and so on. It also discusses a few small telescopes representative of what is currently being done. Astronomy needs such facilities as much as it needs the giant telescopes. They complement each other very well.