Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T01:36:50.478Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

44. Astronomical Observations From Outside The Terrestrial Atmosphere

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 April 2016

A. D. Code

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Commission 44 is by title technique oriented. The following statement of the role of the commission was prepared for use by the General Secretary in responding to requests by non-astronomers with respect to the activities of IAU commissions.

‘The Earth’s atmosphere is opaque to radiation throughout most of the electromagnetic spectrum. The light reaching the surface of the Earth from celestial objects is confined primarily to the visual region of the spectrum and a larger window in the radio region. Much of the infrared and all the far ultraviolet, X-ray and γ-ray radiation are absorbed in the upper atmosphere. Thus astronomers must carry their telescopes and auxiliary instrumentation above the Earth’s atmosphere to unlock the clues on the structure of the universe revealed by the light at these wavelengths. Furthermore the light in the accessible region of the spectrum that does reach the surface of the Earth is distorted and scattered in such a manner that the spatial resolution and details of the radiating source is seriously degraded.

Type
Research Article
Information
Transactions of the International Astronomical Union , Volume 16 , Issue 3: Reports on Astronomy , 1976 , pp. 195 - 220
Copyright
Copyright © Reidel 1976

References

References

1. Reeves, E.M. et al.: 1975, Proc. AIAA/AGU Conf. Scient. Exper. Skylab (in press).Google Scholar
2. Foukal, P.V. et al.: 1974, Astrophys. J. Letters 193, L143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Noyes, R.W. et al.: 1975,IA U Symp., 68, 3.Google Scholar
4. Reeves, E.M. et al.: 1974,Astrophys. J. Letters 188, L27.Google Scholar
5. Huber, M.C.E. et al.: 1974, Astrophys. J. Letters 194, L115.Google Scholar
6. Timothy, J. G. et al.: 1975, Proc. XVII COSPAR Meeting (in press).Google Scholar
7. Schmahl, E.J. et al.: 1974, Solar Phys. 39, 337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Vernazza, J.E. et al.: 1975,Astrophys. J. Letters 199, L123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Withbroe, G. L. et al.: 1975,Astrophys. J. (in press).Google Scholar
10. Reeves, E.M. and Dupree, A.K. 1975,Proc. Fourth Int. Conf. on Beamfoil Spectroscopy (in press).Google Scholar
11. Tousey, R. et al: 1974, IAU Symp. 57, 491.Google Scholar
12. Scherrer, V. E.and Tousey, R. 1975, Proc. Int. Conf. on ‘X-rays in Space’ 2, 986, Univ. of Calgary.Google Scholar
13. Feldman, U. et al.: 1975, Astrophys. J. Letters 199, L67.Google Scholar
14. Tousey, R. et al.: 1973, Solar Phys. 33, 265.Google Scholar
15. Tousey, R. 1975, in ‘A Discussion on the Physics of the Solar Atmosphere’, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London (in press).Google Scholar
16. Bohlin, J. D. et al.: 1975, Astrophys. J. Letters 197, L133.Google Scholar
17. Moe, O.K., Engvold, E. and Beckers, J.: 1975, Solar Phys. 40, 65.Google Scholar
18. Scherrer, V. E. and Tousey, R.: Proc. AIAA/AGU Conf. Scient. Exper. Skylab (in press).Google Scholar
19. Vaiana, G. S. et al.: 1973, Astrophys. J. Letters 185, L47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20. Vaiana, G. S., Krieger, A. S. and Timothy, A.F.: 1973, Solar Phys. 32, 81.Google Scholar
21. Golub, L. et al.: 1974, Astrophys. J. Letters 189, L93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22. Marshall Space Flight Center Skylab Apollo Telescope Mount Experiment Systems Mission Evaluation, NASA Techn. Mem. N 74–28310, June 1974.Google Scholar
23. Smith, J. B. Jr. et al.: 1975, XVIII COSPAR Meeting, Abstract III B- 2–1.Google Scholar
24. MacQueen, R.M. et al.: 1974,Astrophys. J. Letters 187, L85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25. Koomen, M. J. et al.: 1975, Appl. Opt. 14, 743.Google Scholar
26. Stewart, R.T. et al.: 1974, Solar Phys. 36, 219.Google Scholar
27. Pye, J. P. etal.: 1974, IAU Symp. 68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28. ‘Solar Physics in the United Kingdom: Solar Physics Study Panel Subcommittee on Planetary Sciences’, British Nat. Comm. Space Research, September 1975.Google Scholar
29. Bruno, A. V. et al.: 1975, XVIII COSPAR Meeting, Abstract IIIB- 2–6.Google Scholar
30. Artzner, G. E. et al.: 1975, submitted to Space Sci. Instr.Google Scholar
31. Vial, J.C. et al.: 1975, ‘Periodic Temporal Phenomena in the Solar Chromosphere as Observed from OSO-8’, 147 Meeting of AAS.Google Scholar
32. Chipman, E.G. et al.: 1975, ‘Velocities in the Solai Chromosphere Observed in the Sill λ 1816 Line’ 147 Meeting of the AAS.Google Scholar
33. Lites, B. W. et al.: 1975, ‘Persistent Velocities in the Middle Chromosphere’ 147 Meeting of the AAS.Google Scholar
34. Bonnet, R.M. et al.: 1975, ‘Spatial Variations of Solar Profiles of Ca+H and K, Mg+h and k, H 1 Ly-α and Ly-β Lines as Observed from OSO-8,’ 147 Meeting of the AAS.Google Scholar
35. Bruner, E.C. Jr. et al.: 1975, ‘High Resolution Spectroscopy from Orbiting Solar Observatory VIII: Transition Zone Dynamics Over a Sunspot,’ 147 Meeting of the AAS.Google Scholar
36. Artzner, G. E. et al.: 1975, ‘Evolution of Sunspot and Active Region Morphology as Observed on the Resonance Lines of Ca+ (H.K) Mg+ (k, h) H I (Ly-α, Ly-β) and 0 VI from OSO-8,’ 147 Meeting of the AAS.Google Scholar
37. Hirao, K.: 1975, Rept. Ionosph. Space Res. Japan 29.Google Scholar
38. de Feiter, L. D., de Jager, C. and Beck, H. V. Van, : 1975, XVIIICOSPAR Meeting, Abstract III, B- 2- 10.Google Scholar
39. Vaienstein, L. A. et al.: 1975, XVIII COSPAR Meeting, Abstract III-B- 2- 7.Google Scholar
40. Tindo, I. P. et al.: 1975, XVIII COSPAR Meeting, Abstract III-B-2-9, No. 64, submitted to Solar Phys.Google Scholar
41. Jakimiec, J. et al.: 1975,XVIII COSPAR Meeting, Abstract III-B-2-8.Google Scholar
42. Shirke, J. S.: 1975, Physics News, Bull. Indian Phys. Assoc. 6, No. 2, 48.Google Scholar
43. Kurrow, H. et al.: 1915, XVIIICOSPAR Meeting, Abstract No. II- 1- 6a.Google Scholar
44. Caroubalos, C. and Steinberg, J.L.: 1974,Astron. Astrophys. 32, 245.Google Scholar
45. Caroubalos, C, Poquérusse, M. and Steinberg, J.L.: 1974, Astron. Astrophys. 32, 255.Google Scholar
46. Steinberg, J. L., Caroubalos, C. and Bougeret, J.L.: 1974, Astron. Astrophys. 37, 109.Google Scholar
47. Doschek, G. A., Behring, W.E. and Feldman, U.: 1974, Astrophys. J. Letters 190, L141.Google Scholar
48. Delaboudinière, J.P. and Carabetian, C.: 1975, Space Sci.Instr. 1, 91.Google Scholar
49. Delaboudinière, J. P. and Crifo, J.R.: 1975, XVIII COSPAR Meeting, Abstract No. III-B-24.Google Scholar
50. Rense, W. A. and Cushman, G.W.: 1915, XVIII COSPAR Meeting, Abstract No. III-B-2-3.Google Scholar
51. Kohl, J. L. and Parkinson, W.H.: Astrophys. J. (in press).Google Scholar
52. Kohl, J. L. and Parkinson, W.H.: 1975,Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 7, 450.Google Scholar
53. Nishi, K.: 1915, Solar Phys. 42, 37.Google Scholar
54. Samain, D. et al.: 1975,Astron. Astrophys. 39, 71 Google Scholar
55. Vernazza, J.E. et al.: 1975, Astrophys. J. Suppl. in press.Google Scholar
56. Firth, J. G. et al.: 1974,Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 166, 543.Google Scholar
57. Boland, B.C. et al.: 1975,Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 171, 697.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
58. Acton, L. W. and Calura, R.C.: 1975, Proc. Roy. Soc. Meeting on the Physics of the Solar Atmosphere.Google Scholar
59. Zaumen, W. T. and Acton, L.W.: 1974, Solar Phys. 36, 139.Google Scholar
60. Stellar, P. et al.: 1975, Solar Phys. 40, 337.Google Scholar
61. Hirayama, T. et al.: 1974,Bull. Inst. Space Aeronaut. Sci, Univ. Tokyo, 10, No. 1,B, 183 (in Japanese).Google Scholar

References

Beeckmans, F. et al.: 1976, IAU Coll. 29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beeckmans, F. et al.: 1974, Astron. Astrophys. 33, 93.Google Scholar
Bless, R. C. et al.: 1974, Wisconsin Astrophys. No. 1; 1916, Astrophys. 203.Google Scholar
Bohlin, R. C. et al.: 1914, Astron. Astrophys. 30, 127.Google Scholar
Borgman, J. et al.: 1975, Astron. Astrophys. 40, 461.Google Scholar
Carnochan, D. J. et al.: 1975, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A 279, 479.Google Scholar
Cassinelli, J. P.and Hartmann, L.: 1975, Wisconsin Astrophys. No. 14.Google Scholar
Code, A. D.: 1975,Dudley Obs. Rep. No. 9.Google Scholar
Code, A. D. et al.: 1974, Wisconsin Astrophys. No. 2; 1976, Astrophys. J. 203.Google Scholar
Code, A. D.and Welch, G. A.: 1976, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc.Google Scholar
Courtes, G. et al.: 1975, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A 279, 401.Google Scholar
Davis, R. J.: 1975, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A 279, 345.Google Scholar
De Jager, C: 1975,Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A 279, 421.Google Scholar
Evans, R. G. et al.: 1975, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A 279, 473.Google Scholar
Gallagher, J. S.and Code, A. D.: 1974, Astrophys. J. 189, 303.Google Scholar
Henize, K. G. et al.: 1975, Astrophys. J. 199, L119.Google Scholar
Henry, P. et al.: 1976, Astrophys. J. (April 1976).Google Scholar
Henry, R. C. et al.: 1915, Astrophys. J. 201, 613.Google Scholar
Holm, A. V.: 1915, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A 279, 459.Google Scholar
Holm, A. V. et al.: 1974, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 86, 296.Google Scholar
Humphries, C. M. et al.: 1974, Astron. Astrophys. (submitted).Google Scholar
Hutchinson, J. L.: 1975, in Fischel, and Sparks, (eds.), ‘Cepheid Modeling’ p. 5, NASA SP-383.Google Scholar
Lampton, M. et al.: 1976, Astrophys. J. Letters 203.Google Scholar
Lesh, J. R.: submitted to Astrophys. J.Google Scholar
Mewe, R. et al.: 1976, Space Res. XVI.Google Scholar
Molnar, M. R.: 1973, Astrophys. J. 179, 527.Google Scholar
Molnar, M. R.: 1973,Bull. Am. Astron, Soc. 5, 325.Google Scholar
Morgan, T. H. et al.: 1975, Astrophys. J. 197, 371.Google Scholar
Nandy, K. et al.: 1915, Astron. Astrophys. 44, 195.Google Scholar
Savage, B.D.: 1975, Astrophys. J. 199, 92.Google Scholar
Underhill, A. B.and Van der Hucht, K. A.: 1975 1976, Astron. Astrophys. (submitted).Google Scholar
Van den Bergh, S.: 1915, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 13, 217.Google Scholar
Viotti, R. and Lamers, H. J.: 1975, Astron. Astrophys. 39, 465.Google Scholar

References

Brinkman, A. C. et al.: 1974a, Astrophys. J. 188, 603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brinkman, A. C. et al.: 1974b, Philips Technical Rev. 34, 43.Google Scholar
Brinkman, A. C. et al.: 1976, Space Res. XVI.Google Scholar
Heise, J. et al.: 1975, submitted to Nature. Google Scholar
Heise, J. et al.: 1976, submitted to Astrophys. J. Google Scholar
Mewe, R. et al.: 1976, Space Res. XVI.Google Scholar

References

1. Hoyng, P. and Stevens, G. A.: 1972, in Xanthakis, J. (ed.),Proc. First European Astron. Meeting, Athens, 1, 97.Google Scholar
2. Brown, J. C.and Hoyng, P.: 1975, Astrophys. J. (in press).Google Scholar
3. Hoyng, P. et al.: 1975, Solar Phys. (in preparation).Google Scholar
4. van Beek, H. F.: 1973, Thesis, Univ. of Utrecht.Google Scholar
5. Hoyng, P.: 1975, Thesis, Univ. of Utrecht.Google Scholar
6. de Jager, C. et al.: 1974, Astrophys. Space Sci. 26, 207.Google Scholar
7. van der Hucht, K. A.and Lamers, H. J.: 1973, Astrophys. J. 181, 537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Lamers, H. J.: 1975,Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A 279, 445.Google Scholar
9. van der Hucht, K. A.: 1975,Phil. Trans. Roy Soc. London A 279, 451.Google Scholar
10. de Jager, C. et al.: 1915, Astrophys. Space Sci. (in press).Google Scholar
11. Snijders, M. A. J. and Lamers, H. J.: 1975, Astron. Astrophys. (in press).Google Scholar
12. Lamers, J. H.and Snijders, M. A. J.: 1975, Astron. Astrophys. (in press).Google Scholar
13. de Boer, K. S.: 1975, Thesis, Univ. of Groningen.Google Scholar
14. Lamers, H. J.: 1974, Thesis, Univ. of Utrecht.Google Scholar
15. Snijders, M. A. J.: 1975, Thesis, Univ. of Groningen.Google Scholar
16. Bulban, E. J.: 1914, Aviation Week and Space Technology 101, No. 22, 43.Google Scholar
17. van Duinen, R. J. et al.: 1975, Astron. Astrophys. 39, 159.Google Scholar
18. Brinkman, A. C. et al.: 1974, Philips Techn. Rev. 34, 43.Google Scholar
19. various authors 1976, Space Res. 16, (in press).Google Scholar