Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T13:13:51.107Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Patterns of Precarity: Historical Trajectories of Vietnamese Labour Mobility

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2019

Oliver Tappe*
Affiliation:
University of Hamburg and University of Cologne; [email protected]

Abstract

In past and present Vietnam, the dialectic of precarity and resilience shapes the everyday lives of mobile labourers. Vietnamese labour mobility is characterised by an interplay between precariousness ‘at home’ and the uncertainties of migration. The paper aims to highlight continuities and contingencies in the longue durée of Vietnamese work migration through a historical contextualisation of precarious labour relations. Both colonial ‘coolie’ workers and present-day labour migrants share similar experiences, for example socioeconomic marginalisation in the regions of origin, opportunity and risk, and emerging translocal identities.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © Institute for East Asian Studies, Sogang University 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Angleviel, Frédéric. 2001. “De l'engagement comme ‘esclavage volontaire’. Le cas des Océaniens, Kanaks et Asiatiques en Nouvelle-Calédonie (1853–1963).” Journal de la Société des océanistes 110: 6581.Google Scholar
Anh Nguyen Tuan, , Rigg, Jonathan, Thu Huong, Luong Thi, and Dieu, Dinh Thi. 2012. “Becoming and being urban in Hanoi: Rural-urban migration and relations in Viet Nam.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 39(5): 11031131.Google Scholar
Arnold, Dennis. 2012. “Social margins and precarious work in Vietnam.” American Behavioral Scientist 57(4): 468487.Google Scholar
Aso, Michitake. 2012. “Profits or people? Rubber plantations and everyday technology in rural Indochina.” Modern Asian Studies 46(1): 1945.Google Scholar
Aso, Michitake. 2018. Rubber and the Making of Vietnam: An Ecological History, 1897–1975. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Bahadur, Gaiutra. 2014. Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Baird, Ian G. 2011. “Turning land into capital, turning people into labour: Primitive accumulation and the arrival of large-scale economic land concessions in Laos.” New Proposals: Journal of Marxism and Interdisciplinary Inquiry 5(1): 1026.Google Scholar
Baird, Ian, Noseworthy, William, Tuyen, Nghiem Phuong, Ha, Le Thu, and Fox, Jefferson. 2018. “Land grabs and labour: Vietnamese workers on rubber plantations in southern Laos.” Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography. doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12261.Google Scholar
Behal, Rana P., and van der Linden, Marcel, eds. 2006. Coolies, Capital and Colonialism: Studies in Indian Labour History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bélanger, Danièle, Duong, Le Bach, Linh, Tran Giang, and Hong, Khuat Thu. 2010. International Labor Migration from Vietnam to Asian countries: Process, Experiences, and Impact. Hanoi: Institute for Social Development Studies.Google Scholar
Berlant, Lauren. 2011. Cruel Optimism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Bernal, Martin. 1981. “The Nghe-Tinh Soviet Movement 1930–1931.” Past & Present 92: 148168.Google Scholar
Binh, Tran Tu. 1985 [1965]. The Red Earth: A Vietnamese Memoir of Life on a Colonial Rubber Plantation. Athens, OH: Ohio University.Google Scholar
Boucheret, Marianne. 2001. “Le pouvoir colonial et la question de la main-d’œuvre en Indochine dans les années vingt.” Cahiers d'histoire 85: 2955.Google Scholar
Boucheret, Marianne. 2008. “Les Plantations D'hévéas en Indochine (1897–1954).” Unpubl. PhD diss., Université Paris I.Google Scholar
Brocheux, Pierre, and Daniel, Hémery. 2009. Indochina: An Ambiguous Colonization, 1858– 1954. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Bunout, René. 1936. La Main-D’œuvre et la Législation du Travail en Indochine. Bordeaux: Delmas.Google Scholar
Chang, Dae-oup. 2009. “Informalising labour in Asia's global factory.” Journal of Contemporary Asia 39(2): 161179.Google Scholar
Cleary, Mark. 2003. “Land codes and the state in French Cochinchina, c. 1900–1940.” Journal of Historical Geography 29(3): 365375.Google Scholar
Conklin, Alice L. 1997. A Mission to Civilize: The Republican Idea of Empire in France and West Africa, 1895–1930. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
de Certeau, Michel. 1984. The Practice of Everyday Life. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Del Testa, David W. 2001. “Paint the Trains Red: Labor, Nationalism, and the Railroads in French Colonial Indochina, 1898–1945.” PhD diss., University of California.Google Scholar
Delamarre, Paul Emile. 1931. L’émigration et L'immigration Ouvrière en Indochine. Hanoï: Imprimerie d'Extrême-Orient.Google Scholar
Derks, Annuska. 2010. “Bonded labour in Southeast Asia: Introduction.” Asian Journal of Social Science 38(6): 839852.Google Scholar
Do, Tess. 2005. “Exile, rupture and continuity in Jean Vanmai's Chan Dang and Fils de Chan Dang.” Portal: Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies 2(2): 120.Google Scholar
Endres, Kirsten W. 2014. “Making law: Small-scale trade and corrupt exceptions at the Vietnam–China border.” American Anthropologist 116(3): 611625.Google Scholar
Gainsborough, Martin. 2010. Vietnam: Rethinking the State. London and New York: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Goscha, Christopher E. 2012. Going Indochinese: Contesting Concepts of Space and Place in French Indochina. Copenhagen: NIAS Press.Google Scholar
Gourou, Pierre. 1955. The Peasants of the Tonkin Delta: A Study of Human Geography. New Haven, CT: Human Relations Area Files.Google Scholar
Hanh, Duong Bich. 2014. “Temporary lives, eternal dreams: Experiences of Viet labor migrants in Savannakhet, Laos.” In Ethnicity, Borders, and the Grassroots Interface with the State. Studies on Southeast Asia in Honor of Charles F. Keyes, edited by Marston, John A., 191213. Bangkok: Silkworm.Google Scholar
Hann, Chris, and Endres, Kirsten, eds. 2018. Socialism with Neoliberal Characteristics. Halle: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology.Google Scholar
Hardy, Andrew. 2003. Red Hills. Migrants and the State in the Highlands of Viêt Nam. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Hewison, Kevin, and Arne L., Kalleberg. 2012. “Precarious work and flexibilization in South and Southeast Asia.” American Behavioral Scientist 57(4): 395402.Google Scholar
Hoang, Lan Anh. 2016. “Moral dilemmas of transnational migration: Vietnamese women in Taiwan.” Gender & Society 30: 890911.Google Scholar
Huijsmans, Roy, and Kabmanivanh, Phouxay. 2008. ‘Whether You Go Illegally or Legally in the End It's the Same, You're Cheated’: A Study of Formal and Informal Recruitment Practices of Lao Workers Migrating to Thailand. Vientiane: ILO.Google Scholar
Huong, Lê Thu. 2010. “A new portrait of indentured labour: Vietnamese labour migration to Malaysia.” Asian Journal of Social Science 38(6): 880896.Google Scholar
Ivarsson, Søren. 2008. Creating Laos: The Making of a Lao Space between Indochina and Siam, 1860–1945. Copenhagen: NIAS Press.Google Scholar
Jandl, Thomas. 2013. Vietnam in the Global Economy: The Dynamics of Integration, Decentralization, and Contested Politics. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Jennings, Eric T. 2011. Imperial Heights: Dalat and the Making and Undoing of French Indochina. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Kabmanivanh Phouxay, . 2017: “Patterns and consequences of undocumented migration from Lao PDR to Thailand.” In Changing Lives in Laos – Society, Politics, and Culture in a Post-Socialist State, edited by Bouté, Vanina and Pholsena, Vatthana, 350373. Singapore: NUS Press.Google Scholar
Kalikiti, Webby. 2000. “Rubber Plantations and Labour in Colonial Indochina: Interests and Conflicts, 1896–1942.” PhD diss., SOAS London.Google Scholar
Klein, Jean-François. 2012. “Esclavages, engagismes et coolies, histoire des sociétés coloniales au travail (1850–1950).” In Sociétés impériales en situations coloniales. Afrique, Asie, Antilles (années 1850 – années 1950), edited by Klein, Jean-François and Laux, Claire, 163182. Paris: Ellipses.Google Scholar
Li, Tania Murray. 2010. “To make live or let die? Rural dispossession and the protection of surplus populations.” Antipode 41(1): 6693.Google Scholar
Lulofs, Madelon H. 1993. Coolie. Singapore: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Luong Hy Van, . 2010. Tradition, Revolution, and Market Economy in a North Vietnamese Village, 1925–2006. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Maurer, Jean-Luc. 2010. “The thin red line between indentured and bonded labour: Javanese workers in New Caledonia in the early 20th Century.” Asian Journal of Social Science 38(6): 866879.Google Scholar
Molland, Sverre. 2017. “Migration and mobility in Laos.” In Changing Lives in Laos – Society, Politics, and Culture in a Post-Socialist State, edited by Bouté, Vanina and Pholsena, Vatthana, 327349. Singapore: NUS Press.Google Scholar
Monet, Paul. 1930. Les Jauniers. Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar
Munck, Ronaldo. 2013. “The precariat: A view from the South.” Third World Quarterly 34(5): 747762.Google Scholar
Murray, Martin J. 1980. The Development of Capitalism in Colonial Indochina (1870–1940). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Neilson, Brett, and Rossiter, Ned. 2008. “Precarity as a political concept, or, Fordism as exception.” Theory, Culture & Society 25(7–8): 5172.Google Scholar
Ngo Van. 1998. Viêt-nam 1920–1945: Révolution et Contre-révolution sous la Domination Coloniale. Paris: L'Insomniaque.Google Scholar
Nguyen, Duy Thiêu. 2008. Migration and Change in the Way of Life: An Anthropological Introduction to the Vietnamese Community in Laos. Hanoi: The Gioi.Google Scholar
Nguyen, Minh T.N. 2014. “Translocal householding: Care and migrant livelihoods in a waste-trading community of Vietnam's Red River Delta.” Development and Change 45(6): 13851408.Google Scholar
Nguyen, Minh T.N. 2015. Vietnam's Socialist Servants: Domesticity, Class, Gender, and Identity. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Nguyen, Minh T.N. 2018. Waste and Wealth: An Ethnography of Labor, Value, and Morality in a Vietnamese Recycling Economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Oakes, Tim, and Louisa, Schein. 2005. Translocal China: Linkages, Identities and the Reimagining of Space. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Pasquier, Pierre. 1918. La Colonisation des Terres Incultes et le Problème de la Main-D’œuvre en Indochine. Saigon: Ardin.Google Scholar
Pattana, Kitiarsa. 2014. The “Bare Life” of Thai Migrant Workmen in Singapore. Chiang Mai: Silkworm.Google Scholar
Piper, Nicola, Stuart, Rosewarne, and Matt, Withers. 2016. Redefining a Rights-based Approach in the Context of Temporary Labour Migration in Asia. UNRISD Working Papers. Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development.Google Scholar
Rehbein, Boike. 2007. Globalization, Culture and Society in Laos. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Reid, Anthony, ed. 1983. Slavery, Bondage and Dependency in Southeast Asia. New York: St. Martin's Press.Google Scholar
Sarraut, Albert. 1923. Mise en valeur des colonies françaises. Paris: Payot.Google Scholar
Sasges, Gerard, ed. 2013. It's a Living: Work and Life in Vietnam Today. Singapore: NUS Press.Google Scholar
Slocomb, Margaret. 2007. Colons and Coolies: The Development of Cambodia's Rubber Plantations. Bangkok: White Lotus Press.Google Scholar
Standing, Guy. 2011. The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class. London: Bloomsbury Academic.Google Scholar
Tai, Hue-Tam Ho. 1992. Radicalism and the Origins of the Vietnamese Revolution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, Keith W. 2013. A History of the Vietnamese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tappe, Oliver. 2016. “Variants of bonded labour in precolonial and colonial Southeast Asia.” In Bonded Labour: Global and Comparatives Perspectives (18th–21st Century), edited by Damir-Geilsdorf, Sabine, Lindner, Ulrike, Müller, Gesine, Tappe, Oliver, and Zeuske, Michael, 103131. Bielefeld: transcript.Google Scholar
Tappe, Oliver. 2018. “On the right track? The Lao People's Democratic Republic in 2017.” In Southeast Asian Affairs 2018, edited by Singh, Daljit and Cook, Malcolm, 169183. Singapore: ISEAS.Google Scholar
Tran, Angie Ngoc. 2013. Ties that Bind: Cultural Identity, Class, and Law in Vietnam's Labor Resistance. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Truong, Buu Lam. 2000. Colonialism Experienced: Vietnamese Writings on Colonialism, 1900–1931. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Tully, John. 2011. The Devil's Milk: A Social History of Rubber. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Vanmai, Jean. 1980. Chan Dang. Les Tonkinois de Calédonie au temps colonial. Nouméa: Publications de la Société D’études Historiques de la Nouvelle-Calédonie.Google Scholar
Vanmai, Jean. 1983. Fils de Chan Dang. Nouméa: Edition de l'Océanie.Google Scholar
Vann, Michael G. 2006. “White blood on Rue Hue: The murder of ‘le négrier’ Bazin.” Proceedings of the Western Society for French History 34: 247262.Google Scholar