¹ von Schulte, J.F., Geschichte der Quellen und Literatur des canonischen Rechts II (Stuttgart 1877) 408-56.Google Scholar

² Dietterle, J., ‘Die Summae confessorum (sive de casibus conscientiae) von ihren Anfängen an bis zu Silvester Prierias,’ Zeitschrïft für Kirchengeschichte 24 (1903) 353–74, 520-48; 25 (1904) 248-72; 26 (1905) 59-81, 349-62; 27 (1906) 70-83, 166-88, 296-310, 431-42; 28 (1907) 401-31. A. Teetaert, ‘Quelques Summae de paenitentia anonymes dans la Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris,’ Miscellanea Giovanni Mercati II (Studi e Testi 122; Città del Vaticano 1946) 311-43. P. Michaud-Quantin, ‘A Propos des premières Summae confessorum,’ Recherches de théologie ancienne et médiévale 26 (1959) 264-306 and Sommes de casuistique et manuels de confession au moyen ǎge (XII-XVI siècles) (Louvain and Lille 1962). See also F. Firth, ‘The “Poenitentiale” of Robert of Flamborough,’ Traditio 16 (1960) 541-56 and the Addenda 17 (1961) 531-32. Kuttner, Traditio 19 (1963) 537-38.Google Scholar

³ On Raymond de Pennafort see Kuttner, Repertorium der Kanonistik (Città del Vaticano 1937) 438–52 and ‘Zur Entstehungsgeschichte der Summa de casibus poenitentiae des hl. Raymond von Penyafort,’ Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte, Kan. Abt. 39 (1953) 419-34. Michaud-Quantin, Sommes de casuistique 34-42. Raymond's Summa with the apparatus of Guillaume de Rennes was printed in a Rome 1603 edition.Google Scholar

⁴ Dietterle 25.255-68. Michaud-Quantin, Sommes de casuistique 43-53. I have used Johannes' Summa in the Lyons 1518 edition. Google Scholar

⁵ Michaud-Quantin lists a number of manuscripts of Burchard's Summa. To these may be added Clm 4595 fol. 42^r-199^r and Frankfurt Stadtbibl. Praed. 170 fol. 1^ra-140 ^r.Google Scholar

⁶ de Cayeux's, Guillaume Summa is one of the best-known. See Dietterle 26.59-63. Michaud-Quantin lists four manuscripts. To these may be added Clm 585 fol. 2^vb-191 ^va. Since the incipit and explicit as given by Dietterle (the explicit is probably improperly transcribed) and Michaud-Quantin are inadequate to distinguish Guillaume's Summa from others of this type, I give the beginning and end from Clm 585. ‘Incipit summula confessorum. (title De symonia) Quoniam inter ecclesiastica crimina, symoniaca heresis obtinet primum locum, ut patet infra q.ult … Quid est symonia? Dic secundum Hostiensem in libro v, rubrica iii de symonia i, quid sit.’ Explicit (title De dote): ‘In donatione propter nuptias prefertur <mulier> posterioribus tantum. In parafernalibus habet mulier tacitam ypothecam. Explicit summula confessorum de summa Johannis maiore, summa questionum contentarum duo milia trecenti quadraginta sex. Deo gratias’ (cf. with Johannes of Freiburg's ending of the Summa confessorum fol. 242^r). Another confessional work on Johannes' Summa is in Clm 7212 fol. 1^r-59 ^v. It discussed only selected titles from the first three books of Johannes' Summa. Incipit ‘Excerpta de <summ>a Johannis. Primo de sacra eucharistia. Libro tertio, questione lx, titulo xxiiii. De diuersis defectibus et negligencijs que committuntur in missa. Nota secundum Albertum in libro de missa circa finem.’ Explicit (title De sepulturis): ‘Nequeunt cum uelle uel nolle non habeant sibi eligere sepulturam, sed sunt aput sua monasteria tumulandi.’ On fol. 63 ^v ‘Iste libellus est sancte Marie in Furstenzell quem scripsit frater Fridericus anno domini mcccxxx.’ posterioribus tantum. In parafernalibus habet mulier tacitam ypothecam. Explicit summula confessorum de summa Johannis maiore, summa questionum contentarum duo milia trecenti quadraginta sex. Deo gratias’ (cf. with Johannes of Freiburg's ending of the Summa confessorum fol. 242r). Another confessional work on Johannes' Summa is in Clm 7212 fol. 1r-59 v. It discussed only selected titles from the first three books of Johannes' Summa. Incipit ‘Excerpta de a Johannis. Primo de sacra eucharistia. Libro tertio, questione lx, titulo xxiiii. De diuersis defectibus et negligencijs que committuntur in missa. Nota secundum Albertum in libro de missa circa finem.’ Explicit (title De sepulturis): ‘Nequeunt cum uelle uel nolle non habeant sibi eligere sepulturam, sed sunt aput sua monasteria tumulandi.’ On fol. 63 v ‘Iste libellus est sancte Marie in Furstenzell quem scripsit frater Fridericus anno domini mcccxxx.’' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=de+Cayeux's,+Guillaume+Summa+is+one+of+the+best-known.+See+Dietterle+26.59-63.+Michaud-Quantin+lists+four+manuscripts.+To+these+may+be+added+Clm+585+fol.+2vb-191+va.+Since+the+incipit+and+explicit+as+given+by+Dietterle+(the+explicit+is+probably+improperly+transcribed)+and+Michaud-Quantin+are+inadequate+to+distinguish+Guillaume's+Summa+from+others+of+this+type,+I+give+the+beginning+and+end+from+Clm+585.+‘Incipit+summula+confessorum.+(title+De+symonia)+Quoniam+inter+ecclesiastica+crimina,+symoniaca+heresis+obtinet+primum+locum,+ut+patet+infra+q.ult+…+Quid+est+symonia?+Dic+secundum+Hostiensem+in+libro+v,+rubrica+iii+de+symonia+i,+quid+sit.’+Explicit+(title+De+dote):+‘In+donatione+propter+nuptias+prefertur++posterioribus+tantum.+In+parafernalibus+habet+mulier+tacitam+ypothecam.+Explicit+summula+confessorum+de+summa+Johannis+maiore,+summa+questionum+contentarum+duo+milia+trecenti+quadraginta+sex.+Deo+gratias’+(cf.+with+Johannes+of+Freiburg's+ending+of+the+Summa+confessorum+fol.+242r).+Another+confessional+work+on+Johannes'+Summa+is+in+Clm+7212+fol.+1r-59+v.+It+discussed+only+selected+titles+from+the+first+three+books+of+Johannes'+Summa.+Incipit+‘Excerpta+de+a+Johannis.+Primo+de+sacra+eucharistia.+Libro+tertio,+questione+lx,+titulo+xxiiii.+De+diuersis+defectibus+et+negligencijs+que+committuntur+in+missa.+Nota+secundum+Albertum+in+libro+de+missa+circa+finem.’+Explicit+(title+De+sepulturis):+‘Nequeunt+cum+uelle+uel+nolle+non+habeant+sibi+eligere+sepulturam,+sed+sunt+aput+sua+monasteria+tumulandi.’+On+fol.+63+v+‘Iste+libellus+est+sancte+Marie+in+Furstenzell+quem+scripsit+frater+Fridericus+anno+domini+mcccxxx.’>Google Scholar

⁷ Schulte, Schulte, Geschichte der Quellen II 427-8. Dietterle, ‘Die Summae’ 27.81-3, 166-88.Google Scholar

⁸ Teetaert 318-20. Clm 8021 fol. 59^ra-291 ^rb. Teetaert lists Clm 585 and 7212 as this Summa, but they are not (cf. supra n. 6).Google Scholar

⁹ Kuttner, , ‘Entstehungsgeschichte’ first established the existence of two different recensions of the Summa de casibus. Google Scholar

¹⁰ Clm 6020 fol. 12^vb-13^ra and Clm 14094 fol. 155 ^r. This text from the first recension is printed by Kuttner, ‘Entstehungsgeschichte’ 424-5. The text is from Clm 14094. ‘Tamen Honorius constituit quod infra tempus probationis potest quilibet libere ad seculum redire. ^a cupiditas uel add. ² marg. Clm 6020Google Scholar Quod tamen intellige si infra triduum exierit [exuerit Clm 6020]. Quia tunc intelligitur quod sine deliberatione intrauerit. Ego fui super hoc casu [hunc casum Clm 6020] iudex, tamen in iudicio penitentie non consulerem ei quod posset redire ad seculum, si compos mentis intrauit. Si autem ultra triduum steterit, non potest redire. Si quis intrauit religionem dissolutam et ad talem uitam se obligauit …’ Clm 6020 fol. 36^va -39^rb has Bonaguida Aretinus' De dispensationibus. Also on fol. 118^ra-132^va is Paul of Hungary's De confessione. This tract is also in Clm 7208 fol. 54^va-68^ra and Clm 665 fol. 137^r-144 ^v. On this tract see Michaud-Quantin, Sommes de casuistique 24-26.Google Scholar

¹¹ Clm 7208 fol. 10 ^va-b.Google Scholar

¹² Clm 7208 fol. 28^ra (title De raptoribus) ‘Et hanc opinionem tenent omnes doctores mei, scilicet Laur. T. et Joh.’ This manuscript also contains Tancred's Summa de matrimonio (finis deest) fol. 68^ra-69 ^vb. Just as Tancred's Summa was added to Raymond's first recension as the fourth book, it was also added to this commentary on Raymond's Summa.Google Scholar

¹³ Another Summa found in a fifteenth-century manuscript Clm 3042 fol. 244^ra-283^ra has four books; the first three books seem to be based in large part on the Summa in Clm 7208. Schulte, Geschichte der Quellen II 532 and M. Bloomfield, ‘A Preliminary List of Incipits of Latin Works on the Virtues and Vices, Mainly of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries,’ Traditio 11 (1955) 259-379 at 365, refer to this work as ‘Quid sit symonia.’ Incipit (title De symonia, <Quid sit symonia>): ‘Symonia est studiosa cupiditas uel uoluntas emendi uel uendendi aliquod spirituale; nec oportet addi uel spirituali annexum quia annexum spirituali, spirituale est. Tamen nota distincte secundum Vincentium (MS inuicencudi), Ambrosium, quibus assentio, quedam sunt prohibita quia symoniaca ut uendere et emere sacramenta.’ Explicit (title De sacramentis): ‘Ecce extrema unctio ac si dicetur, “Iam dicit spiritus ut requiescant a laboribus suis.” [Apoc. 14.13]. Amen. Qui scripsit, sit benedictus. 1468, finitus est in vi ^a Martii' (MS Mathei).):+‘Symonia+est+studiosa+cupiditas+uel+uoluntas+emendi+uel+uendendi+aliquod+spirituale;+nec+oportet+addi+uel+spirituali+annexum+quia+annexum+spirituali,+spirituale+est.+Tamen+nota+distincte+secundum+Vincentium+(MS+inuicencudi),+Ambrosium,+quibus+assentio,+quedam+sunt+prohibita+quia+symoniaca+ut+uendere+et+emere+sacramenta.’+Explicit+(title+De+sacramentis):+‘Ecce+extrema+unctio+ac+si+dicetur,+“Iam+dicit+spiritus+ut+requiescant+a+laboribus+suis.”+[Apoc.+14.13].+Amen.+Qui+scripsit,+sit+benedictus.+1468,+finitus+est+in+vi+a+Martii'+(MS+Mathei).>Google Scholar

¹⁴ There is one bit of the first recension on fol. 17 ^rb (De decimis): ‘De feodo dico quod si ecclesia recipit in pignore feodum quod miles tenet per eam, si durante pignore recipit ab eo seruitium feodi, tenetur fructus computare in sortem, aliter non. extra iii de feod. Vel dic si ecclesia recipit pagesiam siue coloniam rustici sui in pignore, debet computare in sortem fructus deducto iure suo et laboribus et expensis.’ The use of the Catalan expression ‘pagesia’ is found only in the first recension. Kuttner, ‘Entstehungsgeschichte’ 427.Google Scholar

¹⁵ There are two such manuscripts in Munich: Clm 6040 has Raymond's second-recension changes and additions added in the margin. Within these additions, the decretal references are to the Comp. ant. Further, Clm 7631 has the text of the second recension, but its decretal references are only to the Comp. ant. Great caution is, however, indicated. Instances are known of scribes' mixing the two recensions (Kuttner, ‘Entstehungsgeschichte’ 422); as for Clm 6040 I checked all the decretal references to the Comp. ant. in the marginal additions, and only one of the citations was correctly attributed to the proper Comp. ant. (fol. 48^r ‘ex iii de donat. Cum dilecti’). In several instances Gregory IX's decretals were cited as being one of the Comp. ant. (e.g. fol. 61 ^v ‘ex. i de sent. et re iud. Duobus'). For the manuscripts of the Summa de casibus in Munich see Traditio 26 (1970) 435-40.Google Scholar

¹⁶ See Traditio 16 (1960) 562 and 17 (1961) 541-2.Google Scholar ^a symonia deest codd. ^b apparatus Clm 7802 ^c uendere uel emere add. ² marg. Clm 7802, sunt Clm 9664.Google Scholar ^auoluptate codd.Google Scholar

¹⁷ On Guillaume de Rennes, who wrote his Apparatus circa 1240-1245, see Dietterle 24.542-8; Michaud-Quantin, Sommes de casuistique 40-41. Google Scholar

¹⁸ Dietterle 25.255-68. Michaud-Quantin, Sommes de casuistique 43-8. Google Scholar

¹⁹ See Summa de casibus (Rome 1603) 3. Google Scholar

²⁰ Ibid. s.v. studiosa. Google Scholar

²¹ Ibid. 5.Google Scholar

²² Ibid. s.v. contractum.Google Scholar

²³ Ibid. 4; Raymond's text is greatly summarized here.Google Scholar

²⁴ Ibid. s.v. non sufficit sola uoluntas, also summarized.Google Scholar

²⁵ A Summa very similar to this one is found in Frankfurt Stadtbibl. Praed. 154 fol. 1^v-219 ^v.Google Scholar ^a MS ubi ^bMS postularisGoogle Scholar

²⁶ Clm 14789 fol. 2 ^v. 'Porro quoniam etiam omne bonum <de> facili in hoc tempore potest esse fastidii, gaudentque breuitate moderni gratum duxi … ad utilitatem beneuolorum [MS beneuiolorum] discipulorum et pauperum, a presenti opere pretermissis nouerculis [or: nouiciolis, MS nouiculis] iuris, opinionibus abrogatis ac disputationibus uariis, ipsam ueritatis sententiam abstrahere … et de summa summulam compilare.’ Compare this with the statement of the author of the summa discussed immediately below. Clm 665 fol. 145 ^ra: ‘Si quid sapit [capit Clm 9528] si quid [sic Clm 9528] intelligit sine uelamine et nube uerborum inferioribus communicare sic [MS commutare se] tenebitur, studiose ita quod ad intentionem pietatis summe, summam casuum a uenerabili fratre Raymundo, ex uariis iuris et legum sententiis in uno uolumine coartatam simplicioribus abbreuiare studuimus.’ facili in hoc tempore potest esse fastidii, gaudentque breuitate moderni gratum duxi … ad utilitatem beneuolorum [MS beneuiolorum] discipulorum et pauperum, a presenti opere pretermissis nouerculis [or: nouiciolis, MS nouiculis] iuris, opinionibus abrogatis ac disputationibus uariis, ipsam ueritatis sententiam abstrahere … et de summa summulam compilare.’ Compare this with the statement of the author of the summa discussed immediately below. Clm 665 fol. 145 ra: ‘Si quid sapit [capit Clm 9528] si quid [sic Clm 9528] intelligit sine uelamine et nube uerborum inferioribus communicare sic [MS commutare se] tenebitur, studiose ita quod ad intentionem pietatis summe, summam casuum a uenerabili fratre Raymundo, ex uariis iuris et legum sententiis in uno uolumine coartatam simplicioribus abbreuiare studuimus.’' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Clm+14789+fol.+2+v.+'Porro+quoniam+etiam+omne+bonum++facili+in+hoc+tempore+potest+esse+fastidii,+gaudentque+breuitate+moderni+gratum+duxi+…+ad+utilitatem+beneuolorum+[MS+beneuiolorum]+discipulorum+et+pauperum,+a+presenti+opere+pretermissis+nouerculis+[or:+nouiciolis,+MS+nouiculis]+iuris,+opinionibus+abrogatis+ac+disputationibus+uariis,+ipsam+ueritatis+sententiam+abstrahere+…+et+de+summa+summulam+compilare.’+Compare+this+with+the+statement+of+the+author+of+the+summa+discussed+immediately+below.+Clm+665+fol.+145+ra:+‘Si+quid+sapit+[capit+Clm+9528]+si+quid+[sic+Clm+9528]+intelligit+sine+uelamine+et+nube+uerborum+inferioribus+communicare+sic+[MS+commutare+se]+tenebitur,+studiose+ita+quod+ad+intentionem+pietatis+summe,+summam+casuum+a+uenerabili+fratre+Raymundo,+ex+uariis+iuris+et+legum+sententiis+in+uno+uolumine+coartatam+simplicioribus+abbreuiare+studuimus.’>Google Scholar

²⁷ Cf. with Raymond's ending of the Summa de casibus 584. Google Scholar

²⁸ Generally, the catalogues do not give enough information to distinguish between these summae. Other MSS that probably contain the above or similar summae are Huntington Library (Calif.) HM 57, Univ. of Michigan MS 89, Berlin, Görres 49, Oxford, Bodl. 36, Nuremberg, Stadtbibl. VI. 48; Graz, Univ. 821 also contains a summa of this type. However, this was one of the eighty-eight MSS which (according to information from Dr. Maria Mairold) were lost at the end of World War II.Google Scholar ^a uiriles Clm 665 et 9528 ^b reducit Clm 9528, reducet Clm 22293 ^cet—summa] magistri Raymundi Clm 665Google Scholar

²⁹ The Summa is interrupted in Clm 27302 by a tract on fol. 23^ra-24^vb 'Excepta de geomancia,’ which begins ‘De marito et uxore, si uis scire quis eorum primo moriatur.’ This manuscript also contains a Summa de casibus which still has to be placed in the penitential-literature, but appears to be a continuation and expansion of Raymond's Summa de casibus. The work is on fol. 50^ra-153^rb and begins ‘Queritur de hiis qui scienter peccauerunt.’ See Kuttner, Repertorium 446. Dr. H. Hauke of the Staatsbibliothek, who is preparing a catalogue of the Latin MSS not covered by the present published catalogue, has kindly informed me that the tract ‘Queritur de hiis’ in Clm 27302 is not complete. The first forty of the sixty-three titles listed in the beginning of the work are in order (to fol. 118^rb), but from fol. 118^rb to 147^ra we have titles 47, 48, and 49, followed by the title De adulterio uel stupro (fol. 126^va), which repeats (but is not identical with) title 39. Then come titles 55, 54, 56, 57 in that order, followed by two more repeated, but not identical titles, De symonia (fol. 147 ^ra) and De observantia ieuniorum (fol. 151 ^va). The remaining sixteen titles are missing.Google Scholar

³⁰ Clm 19802 is a paper manuscript from the fifteenth century. However, a parchment text of ‘Quia in pigris’ was inserted in the middle of the MS. Google Scholar

³¹ See Dietterle 24.520-30 and 26.79-80. On Conrad of Höxter see Kuttner, ‘Pierre de Roissy and Robert of Flamborough,’ Traditio 2 (1944) 494 n. 10; A. Walz, Compendium historiae ordinis praedicatorum (Rome 1948) 152; Michaud-Quantin, Sommes de casuistique 24-25. Twelve MSS of this Summa have come to my attention. Two attribute the Summa to Conrad, Clm 2956 fol. 75^ra-106^v and Prague Metropolitan Chapter I 28; two to Raymond, Graz Univ. 1434 fol. 105^v-119^r and Clm 19139 fol. 14^r-27^v (not complete); and one, which may be the oldest, to a certain Sibotus (Sibertus ?), Graz Univ. 1494 fol. 72^r-121 ^r. The Summa is anonymous in the remaining manuscripts: Assisi Biblioteca Comunale 635 fol. 1^ra-15 ^vb, Bamberg Theol. 99 fol. 132-152 (prologue is missing), Clm 22293 fol. 178^ra-181^ra (not complete), Graz Univ. 1294 fol. 164^r-180^v (prologue and end are missing), Prague Metropolitan Chapter K 12 fol. 1^r-16 ^r, and Freiburg Univ. 252. Whether Conrad was the author of this Summa seems to be still open to question. I hope to examine this problem in detail at another time. — Graz Univ. 1294 fol. 143^r-163^v also contains a late adaptation of Conrad's Summa. The author used nineteen of Conrad's titles, but left out all the legal citations and changed the wording of the text slightly. These titles are contained on fol. 143^r-155 ^v. On fol. 155^v-159 ^v the author included short dicta of legal rules which were important for theGoogle Scholar

^anon—laborantibus Clm 16122 (et forsan Clm 19802), om. Clm 27302^{33 b}ele-mentanorum ^ciuricum ^dMelius—perturbare Clm 16122 (et forsan 19802), om. Clm 27302³³

forum poenitentiae. An index of titles and subjects follows on fol. 159^v-163^v. The Summa begins ‘Symonia est studiosa cupiditas uel uoluntas emendi uel uendendi aliquod spirituale uel annexum spirituali.’ It ends, ‘Item uota non possunt commuttari nisi auctoritate dyocesani episcopi uel domini pape.’

³² The first titles of the Summa are De iustitia et iure et constitutionibus, De consuetudinibus, De parochiis, De sepulturis, De decimis, De primiciis et oblationibus, De regularibus et transeuntibus, De conversione coniugatorum, De voto, De negotiis clericorum et laicorum. Google Scholar

³³ Clm 19802 also has these additions, but the text is so badly damaged at these two points that I could discern only a word here and there — the texts seem to be the same as in Clm 16122. Google Scholar