¹ Traditio 1 (1943) 139–182.Google Scholar

² Published first in his Aims, Sources, and Methods of History, Before and Now I: Ancient Georgian Historical Writing (in Georgian, Tiflis 1916) 256–261.Google Scholar

³ The Georgian Annals: the Queen Anne Codex (hereinafter the publication itself, as well as the text of the Codex, is referred to as QA) xi.Google Scholar

⁴ The Contemporary Chronicler of George Laša [= Resplendent] (Tiflis 1927).Google Scholar

⁵ QA xi–xiii.Google Scholar

⁶ QA xiii.Google Scholar

⁷ Queen Nestan-Darean or Daria appears in her husband's charters of August 27, 1458 (E. T‘aqaišvili, ed., Les Antiquités géorgiennes, 2 [Tiflis 1909] 11); 1460 (ibid. 1 [Tiflis 1899] 2); and 1463 (ibid. 3 [Tiflis 1910] 462), every time together with their son Alexander; and then in the latter's documents of January 23 and January 24, 1479 (Žordania, T., Chronicles and Other Sources for Georgian History 2 [Tiflis 1897] 300, 301) and of 1503 (ibid. 319). Her marriage in 1445 to George VIII is mentioned in The First Continuation of The Georgian Annals (ed. T‘aqaišvili, E., The Georgian Annals: the Queen Mary Variant [Tiflis 1906] Annex II) 890; she is mentioned as the mother of Alexander in The Second Continuation of The Georgian Annals (ibid.) 905.Google Scholar

⁸ King Alexander I of Kakhetia, regarding whose filiation the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century historians have blundered considerably (cf. the Vaxušt-Brosset tradition, Brosset, MISCELLANY Histoire de la Géorgie II, 1 [St. Petersburg 1856] Addition ix, Tables généalogiques, 2, 634), was the son of George VIII, King of Georgia and later of Kakhetia; J̌avaxišvili, , The History of the Georgian People (in Georgian) IV (Tiflis 1924) 94–97, 139. He succeeded to the throne of Kakhetia upon his father's death in 1476 (ibid.) and was murdered by his own son, George II the Evil in 1511; Vaxušt, , The History of Georgia, trans. Brosset op. cit. II, 1, 149; ‘Dates recueillies par Wakhoucht’, ibid. 384; Chronique géorgienne (Paris 1829) 4; Continuation II 906.Google Scholar

⁹ Brosset, , Hist. de la Gé. II, 1, Add. ix, Tables généalogiques, 2, 634.Google Scholar

¹⁰ QA xiv–xvi.Google Scholar

¹¹ The Era Čalašvili MS, so named after the copyist of its second part in 1731, was discovered in 1923 by J̌avaxišvili. It contains, however, an older first part, written in the sixteenth-seventeenth century. This part includes the opening five Histories of The Georgian Annals (cf. infra), a History of Demetrius I and David III (hitherto believed to have been a compilation of the King Vaxtang VI Redaction, cf. infra, n. 19), and the new History of the Queen of Queens Thamar by Basil, Master of the Court: J̌avaxišvili, , ‘The Newly-Discovered Georgian Annals and the Work of the Hitherto Unknown Second Historian of Queen Thamar’ (in Georgian), Bulletin de l'Université de Tiflis 3 (1923) 186–216; The New Georgian Annals (in Georgian, Tiflis 1940); QA xxv-xxvi. Only the opening part of Basil's work has reached us; the older MS stops in the middle of the story and the rest of the reign of Thamar is supplied by the corresponding part of The Histories and Eulogies of the Sovereigns and followed by The History of the Mongol Invasions (cf. infra, nn. 20, 21) in the MS copied in 1731; Toumanoff, , Med. Georg. Hist. Lit. 156–157. The newer MS belongs to the KV Redaction (cf. infra, n. 19).Google Scholar

¹² The Queen Mary Variant of the Annals was copied in the years 1638–1645, cf. Toumanoff, , op. cit. 163.Google Scholar

¹³ Leontius’ floruit has been assigned by Kekelie, J̌avaxišvili, and Kakabae to the eleventh century, and by Marr and anašvili to the eighth (cf. ibid. 166; I hasten to correct the lapsus calami in my article: ‘seventh’ instead of ‘eighth century’). According to Ingoroqva, P., ‘Leonti Mroveli’ (in Georgian), Enimki-s Moambe 10, only the story of the Conversion of the Iberians belongs to Leontius, the rest being interpolated by another author (John the Deacon), cf. QA xviii, n. 2. Father M. Tarchnišvili (T'arxnišvili), of Rome, has informed me in a letter, that in an article, due to appear in Le Muséon 1947, he adduces proofs in support of the view of Marr and anašvili.Google Scholar

¹⁴ Toumanoff, , op. cit. 169–171. The title of the work in QA differs from that in QM; it runs: C'xoreba da Mok'alak‘oba Vaxtang Gorgaslisa (The History and Policy of Vaxtang Gorgasali). According to a recent view of Ingoroqva, P., ‘A Short Survey of the History of Georgian Literature’ (in Georgian) Mnat'ebi (1939) Nos. 10–11, 212, this History consists of two parts: the latter part (from Vaxtang to Arč‘il), written by uanšer, and the opening part (story of Vaxtang) by an unknown native of Uarma in Kakhetia.Google Scholar

¹⁵ Toumanoff, , op. cit. 171–173.Google Scholar

¹⁶ Ibid. 173–174. Ingoroqva considers this work composed of three different chronicles: (1) The Chronicle of Iberia proper (from Arč‘il to Bagrat III), (2) a History from George I to Bagrat IV, and (3) another work covering the reign of George II (op. cit.).Google Scholar

¹⁷ Toumanoff, , op. cit. 174–175. QA adds: David (Davit'isi) to the title, whereas QM omits it.Google Scholar

¹⁸ Ibid. 167–168, cf. infra. Google Scholar

¹⁹ The last redaction of the Annals, in the years c. 1703–1761, cf. Toumanoff, , op. cit. 163–164.Google Scholar

²⁰ Ibid. 175–176. The First Historian of Thamar has been variously, if inconclusively, identified with Anthony Glonis-T‘avise, Archbishop of Čqondidi and Grand Chancellor of Georgia (Žordania, , Chronicles 1, 1; but cf. Toumanoff, , op. cit. 176 and n. 70), Sargis I of T'mogvi (Ingoroqva, , ‘Č‘axruxaise,’ Kavkasioni [1924] Nos. 1–2, 277), the Protomandator of Georgia Čiaber (S. Kakabae in Saistorio Moambe [1924] 1,287), and Arsenius, Bishop of Išxani (Kekelije, K., Istoriani da Azmani Šaravandedt‘ani [Tiflis 1941] 20–21).Google Scholar

²¹ Toumanoff, , op. cit. 176.Google Scholar

²² Cf. supra, n. 4.Google Scholar

²³ T‘aqaišvili, , ‘Description of the MSS’ (in Russian), Sbornik Materialov (Collection of Materials) for the Description of the Localities and Peoples of Caucasia 36 (1906) 87–88, 66; Toumanoff, , op. cit. 178–179.Google Scholar

²⁴ QA XXV, xlv–xlvi.Google Scholar

²⁶ QA lxv–lxviii.Google Scholar

²⁶ For divergences, see QA lxviii–lxxx, and notes on pp. 1–239. It must be remarked that not all the divergences between QA and the other MSS of the Annals have been noted by the editor.Google Scholar

²⁷ Sumbat, son of David, , The History of the Bagratids , cf. Toumanoff, , op. cit. 154–156.Google Scholar

²⁸ Basil, Master of the Court, The History of Queen Thamar, ibid. 156–157; supra, n. 11.Google Scholar

²⁹ Cf. ibid. 159, cf. supra, n. 7.Google Scholar

³⁰ Toumanoff, , op. cit. 179 and n. 13; cf. supra, n. 8.Google Scholar

³¹ QA xviii–xxi, xxi-xxii.—The History of Demetrius I and David III, though placed in the KV canon, nevertheless has not been heretofore considered a part of the Annals, because it has not been regarded as an original source, cf. supra and n. 23. Since, however, it is an integral part of The History of Five Reigns, this entire work, too, must be included in The Georgian Annals. Google Scholar

³² For these, cf. Toumanoff, , op. cit. 149–161.Google Scholar

³³ QA lxxxiii.Google Scholar

³⁴ Toumanoff, , op. cit. 165 n. 21.Google Scholar

³⁵ Chronique arménienne is an Armenian adaptation of the then extant five parts of the Annals, reaching us in a copy made in the years 1279–1311, cf. ibid. 161.Google Scholar

³⁶ Additional Note. In his excellent study, ‘Sources arméno-géorgiennes de l'histoire ancienne de Géorgie,’ Le Musèon 60 (1947) 29–50, which has just reached me, Father M. Tarchnišvili adduces some very conclusive evidence in support of Leontius of Ruisi's belonging to the first half of the eighth century (pp. 327–42). He consequently does not regard Thè Martyrdom of St. Arč'il as coming from the pen of the same author (p. 42). According to him, moreover, uanšer is an historian of the ninth century (ibid.).Google Scholar