Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T09:41:09.458Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Measuring liquid penetration in the thickness direction of paper

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 October 2005

T. Karppinen ,
I. Kassamakov ,
J. Aaltonen ,
H. Pajari  and
E. Hæggström
T. Karppinen*
Affiliation:
Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
I. Kassamakov
Affiliation:
Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland Helsinki Institute of Physics, PO Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
J. Aaltonen
Affiliation:
Helsinki Institute of Physics, PO Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
H. Pajari
Affiliation:
Oy Keskuslaboratorio - Centrallaboratorium Ab, PO Box 70, 02151, Espoo, Finland
E. Hæggström
Affiliation:
Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland Helsinki Institute of Physics, PO Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
*
[email protected]
Get access

Abstract

We introduce a method to measure liquid absorption into paper based on measuring white light reflected from it. The method was used with 49.8–51.7 g/m2 pilot papers, whose hydrophobicity was tuned by their fiber content and furnish. In addition, one of the samples was internally sized. Impact wetting was used where a droplet of mineral oil, isopropanol or deionized water was applied to the paper surface opposite to the one facing the monitor. The volume of liquid per droplet was (0.9±0.2) μl to (1.3±0.1) μl. The sample was illuminated with an ordinary 20 W light bulb from above. The light intensity reflected off the sample was recorded with a fast charge-coupled camera during the liquid penetration. Optical changes in the paper sample were studied by calculating the average intensity of the reflected light from a selected area. The results showed that the speed of pore wetting, mainly in the z-direction, could be measured with each liquid-sample combination. Hence a digital camera based light reflection measurement can provide information about thickness direction liquid transport in paper.

Keywords

Type
Research Article
Information
The European Physical Journal - Applied Physics , Volume 32 , Issue 1 , October 2005 , pp. 65 - 71
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

A. Savolainen, Introduction, in Papermaking Science and Technology, Vol. 12: Paper and Paperboard Converting, edited by A. Savolainen (Fapet Oy, Helsinki, Finland, 1998)
Hoyland, R.W., Field, R., Pap. Technol. Ind. 17, 304 (1976)
Verhoef, J. et al., Pulp Pap-Canada 64, T509 (1963)
P. Salminen, Studies of water transport in paper during short contact times, Ph.D. thesis, Åbo Akademi, Finland, (1983)
J.-E. Levlin, General physical properties of paper and paperboard, in Papermaking Science and Technology Vol. 17: Pulp and Paper Testing, edited by J.-E. Levlin, L. Söderhjelm (Fapet Oy, Helsinki, Finland, 1998)
http://www.fotocomp.fi/en/print_en.htm (14.1.2005)
P. Howarth, M.K. Schindler, The Areal Distribution of Liquid Penetration of Paper, in Papermaking raw materials, their interaction with the production process and their effect on paper properties: Transactions of the Fundamental Research Symposium. 8. Oxford September 1985, Vol. 2, edited by Vaughan Punton (MEP, London, 1985), p. 483
Oliver, J.F., Forsyth, R.C., Colloid Surface 43, 295 (1989) CrossRef
http://ppd.herc.com/innovations/ hercules®_sizing_tester.asp (21.1.2005)
J.A. Ketoja et al., in The Science of Papermaking, Transactions of the 12th Fundamental Research Symposium Oxford September 2001, edited by C.F. Baker (The Fundamental Research Society, Bury, Lanscashire, 2001), p. 1357
Bousfield, D., Karles, G., J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 270, 396 (2004) CrossRef
Singh, M., Mohanty, K.K., Chem. Eng. Sci. 58, 1 (2004) CrossRef
Stor-Pellinen, J. et al., Ultrasonics 38, 953 (2000) CrossRef
J. Stor-Pellinen et al., Meas. Sci. Technol. 11, 406 (2000)
Stor-Pellinen, J. et al., Meas. Sci. Technol. 12, 1336 (2001) CrossRef
Stor-Pellinen, J. et al., Meas. Sci. Technol. 13, 770 (2002) CrossRef
Karppinen, T. et al., Meas. Sci. Technol. 15, 1223 (2004) CrossRef
S. Middleman, Modeling Axisymmetric Flows (Academic Press, London, 1995)
Denesuk, M. et al., J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 158, 114 (1993) CrossRef
Gillespie, T., J. Coll. Sci. Imp. U. Tok. 13, 32 (1958) CrossRef
Washburn, E., Phys. Rev. 17, 273 (1921) CrossRef
Szekely, J. et al., J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 35, 273 (1970) CrossRef
Letetier, M.F. et al., J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 72, 465 (1979) CrossRef
W.W. Sampson, in The Science of Papermaking, Transactions of the 12th Fundamental Research Symposium Oxford September 2001, edited by C.F. Baker (The Fundamental Research Society, Bury, Lanscashire, UK, 2001), p. 1205
Price, D. et al., Tappi J. 36, 42 (1953)
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, edited by R. Weast, 57th edn. (Boca Raton, FL, CRC, 1976)
Clark, N.O. et al., Tappi J. 52, 2191 (1969)
M. Born, E. Wolf, Principles of Optics, 7th edn. (University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1999)