Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T02:01:46.187Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Rare earth doped III-nitrides for optoelectronics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 October 2006

K. P. O'Donnell  and
B. Hourahine
K. P. O'Donnell*
Affiliation:
SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, Scotland, UK
B. Hourahine
Affiliation:
SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, Scotland, UK
*
[email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Rare-earth (RE) doped III-nitrides, prepared by in-situ doping during growth or by ion implantation and annealing, are promising materials for visible light emitting displays. In addition, they are extremely challenging theoretically, on account of the complexity of the sharp inter-4f optical transitions, which are allowed only through the mixing by non-centrosymmetric crystal fields of the inner 4f orbitals with higher-lying states of opposite parity. We review recent experimental and theoretical work on Er-, Eu- and Tm-doped III-nitride compounds and alloys which has been carried out with a view to establishing the lattice location of RE in these materials and the probable nanostructure of the centres which are responsible for their luminescence. The isolated site REIII is found to be both optically and electrically inactive, but in association with neighbouring intrinsic defects (most probably nitrogen vacancies) REIII can generate a small family of similar optically active sites. Such a family is held to be responsible for the site multiplicity that is a common feature of the spectroscopy of RE-doped III-nitrides.

Keywords

Type
Review Article
Information
The European Physical Journal - Applied Physics , Volume 36 , Issue 2 , November 2006 , pp. 91 - 103
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Steckl, A.J., Heikenfeld, J., Lee, D.S., Garter, M., Mat. Sci. Eng. B 81, 97 (2001) CrossRef
Mukai, T., Narimatsu, H., Nakamura, S., Jpn J. Appl. Phys. 37, L479 (1998) CrossRef
T. Mukai, D. Morita, S. Nakamura, J. Cryst. Growth 189, 190, 778 (1998)
Ennen, H., Schneider, J., Pomrenke, G., Axmann, A., Appl. Phys. Lett. 43, 943 (1983) CrossRef
Favannec, P.N., L'Haridon, H., Salvi, M., Moutonnet, D., Le Guillou, Y., Electron. Lett. 25, 718 (1989) CrossRef
Steckl, A.J., Heikenfeld, J.C., Lee, D.S., Garter, M.J., Baker, C.C., Wang, Y.Q., Jones, R., IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 8, 749 (2002) CrossRef
Hori, Y., Andreev, T., Jalabert, D., Biquard, X., Monroy, E., Tanaka, M., Oda, O., Dang, L.S., Daudin, B., Phys. Status Solidi B 241, 2787 (2004) CrossRef
See http://www.renibel.net
K.P. O'Donnell, V. Katchkanov, K. Wang, R.W. Martin, P.R. Edwards, B. Hourahine, E. Nogales, J.F.W. Mosselmans, B. De Vries, MRS Symp. Proc. 831, E3.31 (2005)
Van Vleck, J.H., J. Phys. Chem. 41, 67 (1937) CrossRef
Judd, B.R., Phys. Rev. 127, 750 (1962) CrossRef
Ofelt, G.S., J. Chem. Phys. 37, 511 (1962) CrossRef
C. Görller-Walrand, K. Binnemans, Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, edited by K.A. Gscheidner Jr., L. Eyring (Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, 1996), Vol. 23, p. 121
G.H. Dieke, Spectra and Energy Levels of Rare Earth Ions in Crystals (John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1969)
Carnall, W.T., Crosswhite, H. Crosswhite, H.M., Energy level structure and transition probabilities in the spectra of the trivalent lanthanides in LaF3, Argonne National Laboratory Report, 1977; W.T. Carnall, P.R. Fields, K. Rajnak, J. Phys. Chem. 49, 4424 (1968); W.T. Carnall, P.R. Fields, K. Rajnak, J. Phys. Chem. 4443, 4447, 4450 (1968) CrossRef
U Vetter, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Göttingen, 2003
Goldner, P., Mol. Phys. 101, 903 (2003) CrossRef
Bethe, H., Ann. Phys. Leipzig 3, 133 (1929) CrossRef
Borel, A., Helm, L., Daul, C.A.E., Chem. Phys. Lett. 383, 584 (2004) CrossRef
J. Wan, L. Ye, Q. Sun, X. Wang, Phys. Rev. B 58 10415 (1998)
Coutinho, J., Jones, R., Briddon, P. R., Öberg, S., Phys. Rev. B 62, 10824 (2000) CrossRef
Filhol, J.-S., Jones, R., Shaw, M.J., Briddon, P.R., Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2841 (2004) CrossRef
Anisimov, V.I., Aryasetiawan, F., Lichtenstein, A.I., J. Phys.-Cond. Matter 9, 767 (1997) CrossRef
Th. Frauenheim, G. Seifert, M. Elstner, Th. Niehaus, C. Köhler, M. Amkreutz, M. Sternberg, Z. Hajnal, A. Di Carlo, S. Suhai, J. Phys.-Cond. Matter 14, 3015 (2002) CrossRef
See http://www.wien2k.at/
B. Hourahine, S. Sanna, B. Aradi, C. Köhler, T. Frauenheim, Physica B 376, 377, 512 (2006)
A. Svane, N.E. Christensen, L. Petit, Z. Szotek, W.M. Temmerman, ArXiv:cond-mat/0603288 (2006)
Rousseau, N., Briot, O., Ribes, V., Aulombard, R.L., Symp, MRS. Proc. 764, C3.50.1 (2003); G. Halambalakis, N. Rousseau, O. Briot, S. Ruffenach, R.L. Aulombard, P.R. Edwards, K.P. O'Donnell, T. Wojtowicz, P. Ruterana, Superlattice. Microst. 36, 721 (2004)
Wojtowicz, T., Ruterana, P., Rousseau, N., Briot, O., Dalmasso, S., Martin, R.W., O'Donnell, K.P., Mat. Sci. Eng. B 105, 114 (2003) CrossRef
Lorenz, K., Wahl, U., Alves, E., Dalmasso, S., Martin, R.W., O'Donnell, K.P., Ruffenach, S., Briot, O., Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2712 (2004)
Lorenz, K., Wahl, U., Alves, E., Nogales, E., Dalmasso, S., Martin, R.W., O'Donnell, K.P., Wojdak, M., Braud, A., Monteiro, T., Wojtowicz, T., Ruterana, P., Ruffenach, S., Briot, O., Opt. Mater. 28, 750 (2006) CrossRef
K. Lorenz, U. Wahl, E. Alves, S. Dalmasso, R.W. Martin, K.P. O'Donnell, MRS Symp. Proc. 798, Y 5.4 (2004)
Lorenz, K., Wahl, U., Alves, E., Wojtowicz, T., Ruterana, P., Ruffenach, S., Briot, O., Superlattice. Microst. 36, 737 (2004) CrossRef
Kucheyev, S.O., Williams, J.S., Pearton, S.J., Mat. Sci. Eng. R 33, 107 (2001), and references therein CrossRef
Pipeleers, B., Hogg, S.M., Vantomme, A., J. Appl. Phys. 98, 123504 (2005) CrossRef
Wahl, U., Correia, J.G., Czermak, A., Jahn, S.G., Jalocha, P., Marques, J.G., Rudge, A., Schopper, F., Soares, J.C., Vantomme, A., Weilhammer, P., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 524, 245 (2004) CrossRef
De Vries, B., Matias, V., Vantomme, A., Wahl, U., Rita, E.M.C., Alves, E., Lopes, A.M.L., Correia, J.G., Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4304 (2004) CrossRef
Wahl, U., Alves, E., Lorenz, K., Correia, J.G., Monteiro, T., De Vries, B., A.Vantomme, R. Vianden, Mat. Sci. Eng. B 105, 132 (2003) CrossRef
B. de Vries, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Leuven, 2006
See http://www.srs.dl.ac.uk/xrs/Theory/theory.html
V. Katchkanov, J.F.W. Mosselmans, S. Dalmasso, K.P. O'Donnell, K. Wang, R.W. Martin, O. Briot, N. Rousseau, G. Halambalakis, MRS Symp. Proc. 798, Y5.10 (2004)
Katchkanov, V., Mosselmans, J.F.W., Dalmasso, S., O'Donnell, K.P., Hernandez, S., Wang, K., Martin, R.W., Briot, O., Rousseau, N., Halambalakis, G., Lorenz, K., Alves, E., Superlattice. Microst. 36, 729 (2004) CrossRef
V. Kachkanov, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Strathclyde, unpublished
O'Donnell, K.P., Davies, G., J. Lumin. 26, 177 (1981) CrossRef
Dierolf, V., Sandmann, C., Zavada, J., Chow, P., Hertog, B., J. Appl. Phys. 95, 5464 (2004) CrossRef
Kim, S., Rhee, S., Turnbull, D., Li, X., Coleman, J., Bishop, S., Klein, P., Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 2662 (1997) CrossRef
Pellé, F., Auzel, F., Zavada, J., Lee, D., Steckl, A., Mat. Sci. Eng. B 105, 125 (2003) CrossRef
B. Henderson, G.F. Imbusch, Spectroscopy of Inorganic Solids (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006), p. 396
Nyein, E.E., Hommerich, U., Heikenfeld, J., Lee, D.S., Steckl, A.J., Zavada, J.M., Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 1655 (2003) CrossRef
Katchkanov, V., O'Donnell, K.P., Dalmasso, S., Martin, R.W., Braud, A., Nakanishi, Y., Wakahara, A., Yoshida, A., Phys. Status Solidi B 242, 1491 (2005) CrossRef
Wang, K., Martin, R.W., O'Donnell, K.P., Katchkanov, V., Nogales, E., Lorenz, K., Alves, E., Ruffenach, S., Briot, O., Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 112107 (2005) CrossRef
Bodiou, L., Oussif, A., Braud, A., J.-.L Doualan, R. Moncorgé, K. Lorenz, E. Alves, Opt. Mat. 28, 780 (2006) CrossRef
Braud, A., Doualan, J.L., Moncorge, R., Pipeleers, B., Vantomme, A., Mat. Sci. Eng. B 105, 101 (2003) CrossRef
Wojtowicz, T., Ruterana, P., Lee, D.S., Steckl, A., Phys. Status Solidi C 2, 2484 (2005) CrossRef
I.S. Roqan, private communication
Mamor, M., Matias, V., Vantomme, A., Colder, A., Marie, P., Ruterana, P., Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2244 (2004) CrossRef
Binnemans, K., Görller-Walrand, C., J. Phys.-Cond. Matter 8, 1267 (1996) CrossRef
Lorenz, K., Alves, E., Wahl, U., Monteiro, T., Dalmasso, S., Martin, R.W., O'Donnell, K.P., Vianden, R., Mat. Sci. Eng. B 105, 97 (2003) CrossRef
Lorenz, K., Wahl, U., E.Alves, T. Wojtowicz, P. Ruterana, S. Ruffenach, O. Briot, Superlattice. Microst. 36, 737 (2004) CrossRef
Nakanishi, Y., Wakahara, A., Okada, H., Yoshida, A., Ohshima, T., Itoh, H., Shibata, T., Tanaka, M., Phys. Status Solidi C 0, 2623 (2003) CrossRef
R.W. Martin, private communication
Martin, R.W., Rading, D., Kersting, R., Tallarek, E., Nogales, E., Amabile, D., Wang, K., Katchkanov, V., Trager-Cowan, C., O'Donnell, K.P., Watson, I.M., Matias, V., Vantomme, A., Lorenz, K., Alves, E., Phys. Status Solidi C 3, 1927 (2006) CrossRef
I. Roqan, K. Lorenz, K.P. O'Donnell, C. Trager-Cowan, R.W. Martin, I.M. Watson, E. Alves, Superlattice. Microst. (2006) (to be published)
Coutinho, J., Jones, R., Shaw, M.J., Briddon, P.R., Öberg, S., Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 1683 (2004)
Petit, S., Jones, R., Shaw, M.J., Briddon, P.R., Hourahine, B., Frauenheim, T., Phys. Rev. B 72, 073205 (2005) CrossRef
Schmitt-Rink, S., Varma, C.M., Levi, A.F.J., Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2782 (1991) CrossRef
Wojdak, M., Braud, A., Doualan, J.L., Moncorge, R., Pipeleers, B., Vantomme, A., Briot, O., Superlattice. Microst. 36, 755 (2004) CrossRef
Hashimoto, M., Emura, S., Asano, R., Tanaka, H., Teraguchi, N., Suzuki, A., Nanishi, Y., Honma, T., Umesaki, N., Asahi, H., Phys. Status Solidi C 0, 2650 (2003)
Wesenberg, J., Mølmer, K., Phys. Rev. A 68, 012320 (2003) CrossRef