Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T17:05:37.712Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Characterization of a spray torch and analysis ofprocess parameters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 July 1999

R. Ramasamy  and
V. Selvarajan
R. Ramasamy
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
V. Selvarajan*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
*
[email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Anode for a non-transferred DC plasma spray torch was designed to improve electrothermal efficiency. A theoretical calculation was made for the electrothermalefficiency in a DC plasma torch operating with argon at atmospheric pressure withpower level in the range of 5.2–20 kW using energy balance equations. ANOVA for thetwo level factorial design was done. Plasma gas flow rate, current intensity,nozzle diameter and length were found to influence the efficiency. The efficiencywas found to decrease with increase in current intensity and nozzle length and toincrease with increase in nozzle diameter and gas flow rate. The overall energy balance calculations showed that the heat transfer to the plasma-forming gas decreases with increase in arc current and the same was moresignificant at higher flow rates. Plasma jet velocity for different flow rates, input to the torch and nozzle dimensions was calculated from the gas enthalpy. Itwas found that the velocity increased with increase in the power input to the torchand gas flow rate and decreased with increase in nozzle length and diameter. The current–voltage characteristics of the torch operating with argon gas were studied for different gas flow rates. The Nottingham coefficients were calculated using least – square method.

Keywords

Type
Research Article
Information
The European Physical Journal - Applied Physics , Volume 7 , Issue 1 , July 1999 , pp. 87 - 96
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Rykalin, M.N., Kudinov, V.V., Pure Appl. Chem. 48, 229 (1976).
E. Pfender, Electric arcs and arc gas heaters in Gaseous Electronics, edited by N. Hirsh, H. Oskam (Academic Press, 1978), Vol. 1, Ch. 5.
Das, A.K., Sreekumar, K.P., Venkatramani, N., Plasma Sources Sci. Tech. 3, 113 (1991).
P. Fauchais, J.F. Coudert, A. Verdelle, M. Verdelle, A. Grimand, P. Roumilhac, in Proceedings of the national thermal spray conference, Florida, USA, 1987, edited by David L. Houck, p. 11.
K.P. Sreekumar, J. Karthikeyan, P.V. Anantha Padmanabhan, N. Venkatamani, U.K. Chatterjee, in BARC Report No. 1551 (1991).
M.I. Boulos, P. Fauchais, E. Pfender, Thermal Plasmas-Fundamentals and Applications (Plenum press, New york, 1994), Vol. 1.
D.A. Gerdeman, N.I. Hecht, Arc Plasma Technology in Materials Science, edited by von Herausgegeban et al. (Springer, New york, 1992).
Bokhari, A., Boulos, M., Can. J. Chem. Eng. 58, 176 (1980).
Jhan, R.E., Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 14, 588 (1963).
Brosa, M., Pfender, E., Plasma Chem. Plasma Proc. 8, 75 (1988).
E. Pfender, E.R.G. Eckert, in Proceedings of heat transfer and fluid mechanics institute, 1965, edited by A.F. Charwat et al., Leland Stanford junior University 1965, p. 50.
J.M. Houben, J.H. Zaat, in Proceedings of the 7th International metal spraying conference, Surface division, The welding Institute, London, 1974, p. 11.
Kim, H.J., Hong, S.H., IEEE. Trans. Plasma. Sci. 23, 852 (1995).
K.P. Sree Kumar, P.V. Anantha Padmanabhan, A. Paingankar, N. Venkatramani in Proceedings of the National Symposium on vaccum Science and Technology and power beams, BARC, Mumbai, India, edited by N. Venkatramani, A.K. Roy, Vol. 2, Nov. 1997, p. C-342.
Wood, N.J., Osborne, J.J., Roberts, G.T., Gabriel, S.B., Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 6, 484 (1997). CrossRef
N.L. Johnson, F.C. Leone, Statistics and Experimental Design in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2nd edn. (John Weily & Sons, New York,1977).
K. Sivakumar, Plasma-sprayed coatings in Powder Mettalurgy - Recent advances, edited by O.S. Arunachalam, O.V. Raman (Oxford & IBH pub Ltd New Delhi, 1989), Ch. 9.
D. Metejka, B. Benko, Plasma spraying of metallic and ceramic materials (John Wiley & Sons, Chichester 1989).
G. Rudiner, Fundamentals of Gas Particle Flow (Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., New York, 1980), Vol. 2.
Varadelle, A., Vardelle, M., Fauchais, P., Plasma Chem. Plasma Proc. 2, 255 (1982).
El-Kaddah, N., McKelliget, J., Szekely, J., Met. Trans. B 15, 59 (1984). CrossRef
Fincke, J.R., Swank, W.D., Snyder, S.C., Haggard, D.C., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 3585 (1993). CrossRef
Swank, W.D., Fincke, J.R., Haggard, D.C., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 57 (1993).
B. Gross, Plasma Technology (Lliffe, London, 1968).
D. Metejka, B. Benko, Plasma spraying of metallic and ceramic materials (John Wiley & Sons, Chichester 1989).
Krolikowski Czezlaw, zeszyty naukowe politechniki pznanskiej - elektryka No. 8, 1966; Krolikowski Czeslaw, in Proceedings of the VII International conference on phenomena in ionized gases, Beograd, 1966.
K. Goldman, in Proceedings of fifth International Conference on ionization phenomena in gases, Munich, 1961.
P.S.S. Murthy, S. Sahasrabudhe, A.K. Das, N. Venkatramani, in Proceedings of the National Symposium on vaccum Science and Technology and power beams, BARC, Mumbai, India, edited by N. Venkatramani, A.K. Roy, Vol. 2, Nov. 1997, p. C-353.
A.M. Paingankar, K.P. Sree Kumar, A.K. Das, V.S. Shirodkar, N. Venkatramani, in Proceedings of the National Symposium on vaccum Science and Technology and power beams, BARC, Mumbai, India, edited by N. Venkatramani, A.K. Roy, Vol. 2, Nov. 1997, p. C-388.
Cao, M., Gitzhofer, F., Gravelle, O.V., Henne, R., Boulous, M.I., Plasma Sources. Sci. Technol. 6, 39 (1997). CrossRef
Ramalo, D., Rev. Roum. Sci. Techn. Electrotechn. Energ. 13, 415 (1968).
E.M. Esibyan, Plasma Arc equipment (Mir, Moscow, 1968).
T. Yashida, K. Akashi, J. Appl. Phys. 48, 2252 (1977).
N. Venkatramani (private communication).
R.W. Hamming, Numerical methods for scientists and engineers (Mc Graw-Hill Book Company Inc., New York, 1962).
H.J. Fischbeck, K.H. Fischebeck, Formulas Facts and Constants for students and professionals in Engineering, Chemistry and Physics (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1987).
Brilhac, J.F., Pateyron, B., Delluc, G., Coudert, J.F., Fauchais, P., Plasma Chem. Plasma Proc. 15, 231 (1995).
Chyou, Y.P., Pfender, E., Plasma Chem. Plasma Proc. 9, 291 (1989). CrossRef
Capetti, A., Pfender, E., Plasma Chem. Plasma Proc. 9, 329 (1989). CrossRef
Mehmetoglu, M.T., Gauvin, W.H., AIChE J. 29, 207 (1983).
P. Fauchais, E. Boudrin, J.F. Coudert, M.C. Pherson, Plasma Chemistry, edited by M. Venugopalan, S. Veprek (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1982), Vol. 3.
E. Pfender, Plasma processing and synthesis of Materials, Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings, edited by J. Szekely, D. Apelian (North-Holland, New York, 1984).