Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T21:00:28.392Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Assessing the Impact of Employment Regulation on the Low-Paid in Victoria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2023

Sandra Cockfield
Affiliation:
Monash University
Donna Buttigieg
Affiliation:
Victoria University
Marjorie Jerrard
Affiliation:
Monash University
Al Rainnie
Affiliation:
Curtin University
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Since 1993 and the removal of the separate award system for the Australian State of Victoria, many Victorian workers have been on five minimum conditions and on pay levels well below that of employees in other States. Despite attempts to rectify the situation (with Victorian common rule awards), issues of coverage and employer compliance remained. The implementation of WorkChoices legislation in 2006 posed a further challenge to Victorian low-paid workers. Our research found that the impact of WorkChoices on the Victorian low-paid has been largely insidious, surfacing primarily as an increased wage-effort ratio, with people working more unpaid hours and at an increased pace. The implications of this are that these hidden effects are more likely to linger, even with the replacement of WorkChoices with the Fair Work Act, 2009. Furthermore, it appears that employer compliance with minimum conditions requires more adequate enforcement by the Federal Government.

Type
Symposium
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2011

References

AIRC (2001) AIRC Safety Net Wage Decision, 17 August, Print PR 907793, available: http://www.fwa.gov.au/alldocuments/PR907793.htm [accessed 30 June 2008].Google Scholar
Australian Bureau of Statistics (2006) Employee Earnings and Hours, Australia, May. Cat. no. 6306.0, Canberra: ABS.Google Scholar
Australian Bureau of Statistics (2010) National Regional Profile, Victoria, 2005–2009. November. Cat. no. 1379.0.55.001, Canberra ABS.Google Scholar
Australian Workers Union (AWU) (2004) AWU award to improve pay and conditions of Victorian workers, Press release, 18 August, available: http://www.awu.net.au/national/news/1092789542_23315.html [accessed 30 June 2008].Google Scholar
Baird, M., Cooper, R., Ellem, B. (2009) ‘Low-paid women: The impact of regulatory change in Australia’, Industrial Relations Journal, 40(5), pp. 393407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baum, S. (2006) ‘A typology of socio-economic advantage and disadvantage in Australia’s large non-metropolitan cities, towns and regions’, Australian Geographer, 37(2), pp. 233258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beer, A., Maude, A., Pritchard, B. (2003) Developing Australia’s Regions: Theory and Practice, UNSW Press, Sydney.Google Scholar
Bazen, S., Gregory, M., Salverda, W. (eds) (1998) Low-Wage Employment in Europe, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.Google Scholar
Bosch, G., Mayhew, K., Gautie, J. (2010) ‘Industrial relations, legal regulation and wage setting’ in Gautie, J., Schmitt, J. (eds) Low Wage in the Wealthy World, Russell Sage Foundation, New York, pp. 91146.Google Scholar
Bray, M., Waring, P. (2006) ‘The rise of managerial prerogative under the Howard Government’, Australian Bulletin of Labour, 32(1), pp. 4561.Google Scholar
Employee Relations Act 1992 (Victoria).Google Scholar
Costar, B., Economou, N. (eds) (1999) The Kennett Revolution: Victorian Politics in the 1990s, UNSW Press, Sydney.Google Scholar
Elton, J., Bailey, J., Baird, M., Charlesworth, S., Cooper, R., Ellem, B., Jefferson, T., Macdonald, F., Oliver, D., Pocock, B., Preston, A., Whitehouse, G. (2007) Women and WorkChoices: Impact on the Low Pay Sector, Centre for Work + Life, University of South Australia, Adelaide.Google Scholar
Fenwick, C. (2006) ‘How low can you go? Minimum working conditions under Australia’s new labour laws’, Economic and Labour Relations Review, 16(2), pp. 85126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fetter, J. (2006) ‘WorkChoices and Australian Workplace Agreements’, Australian Journal of Labour Law, 19(2), pp. 210224.Google Scholar
Fielding, N. G., Fielding, J. L. (1986) Linking Data, Sage, California.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forsyth, A., Sutherland, C. (2006) ‘Collective labour relations under siege: The Work Choices legislation and collective bargaining’, Australian Journal of Labour Law, 19(2), pp. 183197.Google Scholar
Gautie, J., Schmitt, J. (eds) (2010) Low Wage Work in the Wealthy World, Russell Sage Foundation, New York.Google Scholar
Goodwin, M., Maconachie, G. (2006) ‘Recouping wage underpayment: Increasingly less likely?’, Australian Journal of Social Issues, 41(3), pp. 327342.Google Scholar
Hall, R. (2006) ‘Australian industrial relations in 2005 — the WorkChoices revolution’, Journal of Industrial Relations, 48(3), pp. 291304.Google Scholar
Hardy, T., Howe, J. (2009) ‘Partners in enforcement? The new balance between government and trade union enforcement of employment standards in Australia’, Australian Journal of Labour Law, 22(3), pp. 306336.Google Scholar
Jefferson, T., Preston, A., Chapple-Fahlesson, S., Mitchell, S. (2007) A Study of Low Paid Work and Low Paid Workers in Western Australia, Women in Social and Economic Research, Curtin University of Technology.Google Scholar
Jefferson, T., Preston, A. (2010) ‘Negotiating fair pay and conditions: Low paid women’s experience and perceptions of labour market deregulation and individual bargaining’, Industrial Relations Journal, 41(4), pp. 351366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LaRochelle-Cote, S., Dionne, C. (2009) ‘International differences in low paid work’, Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 75-001-X.Google Scholar
Lee, M. (2006) ‘Regulating enforcement of worker entitlements in Australia: The new dimension of individualisation in Australia’, Labour and Industry, 17(1), pp. 4160.Google Scholar
Lucifora, C., McKnight, A., Salverda, W. (2005) ‘Low-wage employment in Europe: A review of the evidence’, Socio-Economic Review, 3(2), pp. 259292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mason, G., Salverda, W. (2010) ‘Low pay, working conditions, and living standards’ in Gautie, J., Schmitt, J. (eds) (2010) Low Wage in the Wealthy World, Russell Sage Foundation, New York.Google Scholar
Masterman-Smith, H., Pocock, B. (2008) Living Low Paid: The Dark Side of Prosperous Australia, Allen and Unwin, Sydney.Google Scholar
McGrath-Champ, S. (2005) ‘Enterprise bargaining and regional prospects’, Economic and Industrial Democracy, 26(3), pp. 413442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, R., Gahan, P., Stewart, A., Cooney, S., Marshall, S. (2010) ‘The evolution of labour law in Australia: Measuring the change’, Australian Journal of Labour Law, 23(2), pp. 6193.Google Scholar
Mitchell, R., Taft, D., Forsythe, A., Gahan, P., Sutherland, C. (2010) ‘Assessing the impact of employment legislation: The Coalition Government’s labour law program 1996–2007’, Australian Journal of Labour Law, 23(4), pp. 274301.Google Scholar
Morehead, A., Steele, M., Alexander, M., Stephen, K., Duffin, L. (1997) Changes at Work: The 1995 Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey (AWIRS 95), Longman, Melbourne.Google Scholar
Neuman, W. L. (1994) Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, Allyn and Bacon, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Devleopment (OECD) (1998) OECD Employment Outlook 1998, OECD Publishing, Paris.Google Scholar
Owens, R. (2006) ‘Working precariously: The safety net after WorkChoices’, Australian Journal of Labour Law, 19(2), pp. 116182.Google Scholar
Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia (2004–2005) Workplace Relations Amendment (Work Choices) Bill 2005, available: http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/legislation/ems/r2465_ems_66c6c7e2-1c06-4074-8a4c-dca341dfe1fb [accessed 1 July 2011].Google Scholar
Peetz, D. (2007) Assessing the Impact of ‘WorkChoices' One Year On , Report to the Department of Innovation, Industry and Regional Development, Victoria.Google Scholar
Pocock, B., Elton, J., Preston, A., Charlesworth, S., MacDonald, F., Baird, M., Cooper, R., Ellem, B. (2008) ‘The impact of “WorkChoices” on women in low paid employment in Australia: A qualitative analysis’, Journal of Industrial Relations, 50(3), pp. 475488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollert, A., Charlwood, A. (2009) ‘The vulnerable worker in Britain and problems at work’, Work, Employment and Society, 23(2), pp. 343362.Google Scholar
Riley, J., Sarina, T. (2006) ‘Industrial legislation in 2005’, Journal of Industrial Relations, 48(3), pp. 341355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robson, P., Dex, S., Wilkinson, F., Cortes, O. S. (1999) ‘Low pay, labour market institutions, gender and part-time work: Cross-national comparisons’, European Journal of Industrial Relations, 5(2), pp. 187207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rueda, D., Pontusson, J. (2000) ‘Wage inequality and varieties of capitalism’, World Politics, 52(3), pp. 350383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saville, K., Hearn-McKinnon, B., Viedeli, J. (2009) ‘Did Workchoices deliver? Evidence from survey data’, Labour and Industry, 20(2), pp. 207226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheldon, P., Junor, A. (2006) ‘Australian HRM and the Workplace Relations Amendment (Work Choices) Act 2005’ , Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 44(2), pp. 153170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Standing, G. (1999) Global Labour Flexibility: Seeking Distributive Justice, Macmillan, Basingtoke.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
State of Working Victoria Project (2003) Information Paper No 2: The Low Paid in Victoria, State of Victoria.Google Scholar
Stewart, A. (2006) WorkChoices in overview: Big bang or slow burn?’, Economic and Labour Relations Review, 16(2), pp. 2560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vanselow, A., Warhurst, C., Bernhardt, A., Dresser, L. (2010) ‘Working at the wage floor: Hotel room attendants and labour market institutions in Europe and the United States’ in Gautie, J., Schmitt, J. (eds) Low Wage in the Wealthy World, Russell Sage Foundation, New York, pp. 269318.Google Scholar
Victorian Industrial Relations Taskforce (2000) Independent Report of the Victorian Industrial Relations Taskforce, Part 1: Report and Recommendations, Victorian Industrial Relations Taskforce, Melbourne.Google Scholar
WageNet, (2004) Victorian Common Rule Awards, Australian Government, available: http://wagenet.gov.au/WageNet/ [accessed 29 July 2008].Google Scholar
Wallerstein, M. (1999) ‘Wage-setting institutions and pay inequality in advanced industrial societies’, American Journal of Political Science, 43(3), pp. 649680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, I. (2001) ‘Kennett’s industrial relations legacy: Impact of deregulation on minimum pay rates in Victoria’, Journal of Industrial Relations, 43(3), pp. 294307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watts, M., Burgess, J. (2000) ‘The polarisation of earnings and hours in Australia under a decentralised industrial relations system: The lessons for economic policy’, International Journal of Employment Studies, 8(1), pp. 2748.Google Scholar
Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cwlth).Google Scholar
Workplace Relations Amendment (WorkChoices) Act 2005 (Cwlth).Google Scholar
Workplace Relations Amendment (Improved Protection for Victorian Workers) Act 2003 (Cwlth).Google Scholar
Workplace Relations Amendment (Minimum Entitlements for Victorian Workers) Bill 2001, Bills Digest No. 31, 2001–02, Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library, Canberra.Google Scholar
Zikmund, W. G. (1994) Business Research Methods, Fourth edition, Dryden Press, Fort Worth.Google Scholar