Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T22:07:27.788Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A single case report of using Dummett’s systemic cognitive behavioural formulation to guide treatment of adolescent PTSD

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 December 2022

Bethany O'Brien-Venus*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
Cara Haines
Affiliation:
Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Wiltshire, UK
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Trauma-focused CBT (TF-CBT) is recommended by NICE for adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Whilst caregiver involvement is recommended, no specific guidance on the nature of involvement is provided although it is important that involvement takes account of the nature of the trauma. This case report details how Dummett’s systemic CBT formulation was used to plan an intervention such that systemic sessions were included in TF-CBT treatment of an adolescent female with PTSD which arose following interpersonal trauma. Trauma symptoms, trauma cognitions and depressive symptoms were measured throughout, with trauma symptoms showing clinically significant change over the course of therapy. Clinical implications are considered regarding the applicability of systemic CBT formulation and the inclusion of systemic sessions within TF-CBT for adolescents whose traumas arose interpersonally.

Key learning aims

  1. (1) To be able to incorporate systemic factors into a formulation of the maintenance of PTSD for adolescents using Dummett’s systemic cognitive behavioural formulation.

  2. (2) To identify systemic interventions that may facilitate change in interactions between adolescents and parental figures and change in trauma appraisals.

Type
Case Study
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Further reading

Dummett, N. (2006). Processes for systemic cognitive-behavioural therapy with children, young people and families. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 34, 179189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dummett, N. (2010). Cognitive-behavioural therapy with children, young people and families: from individual to systemic therapy. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 16, 2336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Berkowitz, S. J., Stover, C. S., & Marans, S. R. (2011). The Child and Family Traumatic Stress Intervention: secondary prevention for youth at risk of developing PTSD. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52, 676685. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02321.x CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bolton, D., Hill, J., O’Ryan, D., Udwin, O., Boyle, S., & Yule, W. (2004). Long-term effects of psychological trauma on psychosocial functioning. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 10071014. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00292.x CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000). Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consulting an Clinical Psychology, 68, 748766. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.68.5.748 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brewin, C. R., Dalgleish, T., & Joseph, S. (1996). A dual representation theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Review, 103, 670686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.103.4.670 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, E. J., Cohen, J. A., & Mannarino, A. P. (2020). Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy: the role of caregivers. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 3945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.123 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chorpita, B. F., Moffitt, C. E., & Gray, J. (2005). Psychometric properties of the revised child anxiety and depression scale in a clinical sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 309322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2004.02.004 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., & Deblinger, E. (2006). Treating Trauma and Traumatic Grief in Children and Adolescents. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
CORC (2022). Interpretation Aid: RCADS (Self-Report). Available at: https://www.corc.uk.net/media/1228/rcads_interpretationaid.pdf (accessed 17 March 2022).Google Scholar
Dummett, N. (2006). Processes for systemic cognitive-behavioural therapy with children, young people and families. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 34, 179189. https://doi.org/10.1017/s135246580500264x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dummett, N. (2010). Cognitive-behavioural therapy with children, young people and families: from individual to systemic therapy. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 16, 2336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 319345. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00123-0 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamilton, E., Carr, A., Cahill, P., Cassells, C., & Hartnett, D. (2015). Psychometric properties and responsiveness to change of 15-and 28-item versions of the SCORE: a family assessment questionnaire. Family Process, 54, 454463. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12117 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herringa, R. J. (2017). Trauma, PTSD, and the developing brain. Current Psychiatry Reports, 19, article 69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-017-0825-3 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991). Clinical significance: a statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 1219. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.59.1.12 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karatzias, T., Hyland, P., Bradley, A., Cloitre, M., Roberts, N. P., Bisson, J. I., & Shevlin, M. (2019). Risk factors and comorbidity of ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD: findings from a trauma-exposed population based sample of adults in the United Kingdom. Depression and Anxiety, 36, 887894. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22934 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kimerling, R., Allen, M. C., & Duncan, L. E. (2018). chromosomes to social contexts: sex and gender differences in PTSD. Current Psychiatry Reports, 20, Article 114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-018-0981-0 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klaufus, L., Verlinden, E., van der Wal, M., Kosters, M., Cuijpers, P., & Chinapaw, M. (2020). Psychometric evaluation of two short versions of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale. BMC Psychiatry, 20, article 47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-2444-5 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koch, C., Stewart, A., & Stuart, A. (2010). Systemic aspects of CBT. In Mueller, M., Kennerley, H., McManus, F., & Westbrook, D. (eds), Oxford Guide to Surviving as a CBT Therapist. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Langston, T. J. (2007). Nightmares and sleep quality in children and adolescents: a comparison based on trauma status. Dissertation Abstracts International, Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 68(3-B), 1932.Google Scholar
Langston, T. J., Davis, J. L., & Swopes, R. M. (2010). Idiopathic and posttrauma nightmares in a clinical sample of children and adolescents: characteristics and related pathology. Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma, 3, 344356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, S. J., Arseneault, L., Caspi, A., Fisher, H. L., Matthews, T., Moffitt, T. E., Odgers, C. L., Stahl, D., Teng, J. Y., & Danese, A. (2019). The epidemiology of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder in a representative cohort of young people in England and Wales. Lancet Psychiatry, 6, 247256. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30031-8 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markowitz, J. C., Milrod, B., Bleiberg, K., & Marshall, R. D. (2009). Interpersonal factors in understanding and treating posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 15, 133140. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.pra.0000348366.34419.28 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McFarlane, A. C. (2010). The long-term costs of traumatic stress: intertwined physical and psychological consequences. World Psychiatry, 9, 310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKinnon, A., Smith, P., Bryant, R., Salmon, K., Yule, W., Dalgleish, T., Dixon, C., Nixon, R. D. V., & Meiser-Stedman, R. (2016). An update on the clinical utility of the Children’s Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 29, 253258. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22096 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McWey, L. M. (2022). Systemic interventions for traumatic event exposure: a 2010–2019 decade review. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 48, 204230. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12547 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meiser-Stedman, R., Smith, P., Bryant, R., Salmon, K., Yule, W., Dalgleish, T., & Nixon, R. D. V. (2009). Development and validation of the Child Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (CPTCI). Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 432440. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01995.x CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morina, N., Koerssen, R., & Pollet, T. V. (2016). Interventions for children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 47, 4154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.05.006 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mulvihill, D. (2005). the health impact of childhood trauma: an interdisciplinary review, 1997–2003. Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing-Buildng Evidence for Practice, 28, 115136. https://doi.org/10.1080/01460860590950890 Google ScholarPubMed
NICE (2018). Post-traumatic stress disorder: NICE guideline. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng116 Google Scholar
Ovenstad, K. S., Ormhaug, S. M., Shirk, S. R., & Jensen, T. K. (2020). Therapists’ behaviors and youths’ therapeutic alliance during trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 88, 350361. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000465 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perrin, S., Meiser-Stedman, R., & Smith, P. (2005). The Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES): validity as a screening instrument for PTSD. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 33, 487498. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1352465805002419 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reder, P., & Fredman, G. (2007). The relationship to help: interacting beliefs about the treatment process. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1, 457466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, P., Perrin, S., Yule, W., & Clark, D. M. (2010). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: Cognitive Therapy with Children and Young People. Routledge.Google Scholar
Stratton, P., Lask, J., Bland, J., Nowotny, E., Evans, C., Singh, R., Janes, E., & Peppiatt, A. (2014). Detecting therapeutic improvement early in therapy: validation of the SCORE-15 index of family functioning and change. Journal of Family Therapy, 36, 319. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.12022 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Topping, A. (2021). Endemic violence against women is causing a wave of anger. The Guardian, 11 March 2021; https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/11/endemic-violence-against-women-is-causing-a-wave-of-anger Google Scholar
Trickey, D., Siddaway, A. P., Meiser-Stedman, R., Serpell, L., & Field, A. P. (2012). A meta-analysis of risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents. Clinical Psychology Review, 32, 122138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.12.001 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Verlinden, E., van Meijel, E. P. M., Opmeer, B. C., Beer, R., de Roos, C., Bicanic, I. A. E., Lamers-Winkelman, F., Olff, M., Boer, F., & Lindauer, R. J. L. (2014). Characteristics of the Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale in a clinically referred Dutch sample. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27, 338344. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21910 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, X., Zhen, R., & Wu, X. (2020). Insecure attachment to parents and PTSD among adolescents: the roles of parent–child communication, perceived parental depression, and intrusive rumination. Development and Psychopathology, 33, 12901299. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420000498 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

O'Brien-Venus and Haines supplementary material

O'Brien-Venus and Haines supplementary material

Download O'Brien-Venus and Haines supplementary material(File)
File 14 KB
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.