Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T13:06:56.723Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Studies in Speech Disorder in Schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

A. D. Forrest
Affiliation:
The Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh, 10
A. J. Hay
Affiliation:
The Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh, 10
A. W. Kushner
Affiliation:
The Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh, 10

Extract

Most clinical psychiatrists would agree that many but not all schizophrenic subjects show abnormalities in the field of language. Many use neologisms, i.e. new words for old referents, and some chronic patients talk in a more or less private language which at times degenerates into a word salad. The following features have been noted in the schizophrenic's verbal productions—alliteration, condensation, over-inclusiveness and the personal distortion of the symbol-referent tie. Stuart Chase said: “The point of every discussion is to find the referent. When it is found emotional factors dissolve in mutual understanding.” Psychiatrists often assume that they have identified the referent which ties in with the symbol the patient is using, but sometimes the patient uses new symbols, as “Bill” did the other week when he astonished the other group members by announcing that he was “troubled by warpations and distressed by ignorances”.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1969 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allison, R. S. (1962). The Senile Brain. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Ayer, A. J. (1955). Studies in Communication. London: Secker and Warburg.Google Scholar
Bannister, D. (1963). “The genesis of schizophrenic thought disorder: a serial invalidation hypothesis.” Brit. J. Psychiat., 109, 680.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bateson, G., Jackson, D. D., Haley, J., and Weakland, J. H. (1956). “Toward a theory of schizophrenia.” Behav. Sci., 1, 251.Google Scholar
Berne, E. (1966). Games People Play. London: Deutsch.Google Scholar
Bleuler, E. (1911). Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias. (Trans. Ziskin, T., 1950). New York.Google Scholar
Cherry, C. (1966). On Human Communication. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Clarke, P. R. F., Wyke, M., and Zangwill, O. L. (1958). “Language disorder in a case of Korsakow's syndrome.” J. Neuropsychiat., 21, 190.Google Scholar
Curran, F. J., and Schilder, P. (1935). “Paraphasic signs in diffuse lesions of the brain.” J. nerv. ment. Dis., 82, 613.Google Scholar
Davie, J., and Freeman, T. (1961). “Disturbance of perception and consciousness in schizophrenic states.” Brit. J. med. Psychol., 34, 33.Google Scholar
Fairbairn, W. R. D. (1952). Psychoanalytic Studies of the Personality. London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
erreira, A. J. (1960). “The semantics and the context of the schizophrenic language.” Arch. gen. Psychiat., 3, 128.Google Scholar
Freeman, T., Cameron, J. L., and McGhie, A. (1965). Studies on Psychosis. London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1900). The Interpretation of Dreams. London: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Goldstein, K. (1939). The Organism. New York: Beacon Press Inc.Google Scholar
Goldstein, K. (1948). Language and Language Disturbances. New York: Grune and Stratton Inc.Google Scholar
Gorham, D. R. (1956). “The use of the proverbs test for differentiating schizophrenics from normals.” J. cons. Psychol., 20, 435.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haley, J. (1959). “An interactional description of schizophrenia.” Psychiatry: Journal for the Study of interpersonal Processes, 22 (4), 321. Johannsen, W. J., Friedman, S. H., and Liccione, J. V. (1964). “Visual perception as a function of chronicity in schizophrenia.” Brit. J. Psychiat., 110, 561.Google Scholar
Kushner, A. W., Hay, A. J., and Forrest, A. D. (1967). “The effect of contextual constraint on verbal recall in normals and schizophrenics.” Paper given at Scottish Psychiatric Research Society.Google Scholar
Lawson, J. S., McGhie, A., and Chapman, J. (1964). “Perception of speech in schizophrenia.” Brit. J. Psychiat., 110, 375.Google Scholar
McGhie, A., and Chapman, J. (1961). “Disorders of attention and perception in early schizophrenia.” Brit. J. med. Psychol., 34, 103.Google Scholar
Miller, G. A., and Selfridge, J. A. (1950). “Verbal context and the recall of meaningful material.” Amer. J. Psychol., 63, 177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paterson, A. (1944). “Discussion on disorders of personality after head injury.” Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 37, 556.Google Scholar
Payne, R. W. (1962). “An object-identification test as a measure of overinclusive thinking in schizophrenic patients.” Brit. J. soc. clin. Psychol., 1, 213.Google Scholar
Raeburn, J. M., and Tong, J. W. (1968). “Experiments on contextual constraint in schizophrenia.” Brit. J. Psychiat., 114, 43.Google Scholar
Rochford, G., and Williams, M. (1962). “Studies in the development and breakdown in the use of names.” J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 25, 222.Google Scholar
himkunas, A. M., Gynther, M. D., and Smith, K. (1967). “Schizophrenic responses to the proverbs test: abstract, concrete, or autistic?J. abnor. soc. Psychol., 72 (2), 128.Google Scholar
Sommer, R., Dewar, R., and Osmond, H. (1960). “Is there a schizophrenic language ?Arch. gen. Psychiat., 3, 113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stengel, E. (1947). “A clinical and psychological study of echo-reactions.” J. ment. Sci., 93, 598.Google Scholar
Stengel, E. (1964). “Psychopathology of dementia.” Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 57, 911.Google Scholar
Sullivan, H. S. (1953). An Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry. London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Szasz, T. S. (1957). “A contribution to the psychology of schizophrenia.” Arch. Neurol. Psychiat., 77, 420. Weckowicz, T. E. (1957). “Size constancy in schizophrenic patients.” J. ment. Sci., 103, 425.Google Scholar
Zangwill, O. L. (1964). “Psychopathology of dementia.” Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 57, 914.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.