Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T19:03:20.288Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Stress as a Predictor in Schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

G. G. Wallis
G. G. Wallis*
Affiliation:
Royal Naval Hospital, Haslar, Gosport, PO12 2AA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Reviewers of the literature are unanimous that in schizophrenia the outcome is better in cases where there is a history of stress shortly before the onset of the illness. Zubin et al. (1961) found 89 papers ascribing a favourable prognostic influence to stress and none maintaining that it had a bad or immaterial effect.

Type
Papers
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 120 , Issue 557 , April 1972 , pp. 375 - 384
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1972 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aldrich, G. K., and Coffin, M. (1948). ‘Clinical studies of psychosis in the Navy—II: prognosis.’ Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 108, 142–48.Google Scholar
Appel, J. W. (1946). ‘Incidence of neuropsychiatric disorders in the United States Army in World War II.’ American Journal of Psychiatry, 102, 433–6.Google Scholar
Bellak, L., and Parcell, B. (1946). ‘The pre-psychotic personality in dementia praecox.’ Psychiatric Quarterly, 20, 627–37.Google Scholar
Blair, D. (1940). ‘Prognosis in schizophrenia.’ Journal of Mental Science, 86, 378–477.Google Scholar
Brooke, E. M. (1959). ‘National statistics in the epidemiology of mental illness.’ Journal of Mental Science, 105, 893–907.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, J. A. (1946). ‘From V J … mental disorder following service discharge.’ Psychiatric Quarterly, 20, 375–80.Google Scholar
Cole, M. E., Swensen, C. H., and Pascal, G. R. (1954). ‘Prognostic significance of precipitating stress in mental illness.’ Journal of Consulting Psychology, 18, 171–5.Google Scholar
Cooper, B., and Shepherd, M. (1970). ‘Life change, stress and mental disorder.’ In: Modern Trends in Psychological Medicine, Vol. 2 (ed. Price). London.Google Scholar
Cullen, W. (1960). ‘Suicide in the Royal Navy.’ M.D. Thesis. Glasgow.Google Scholar
Faergeman, P. M. (1963). Psychogenic Psychoses. London.Google Scholar
Garmany, G. (1958). ‘Depressive states: their aetiology and treatment.’ British Medical Journal, ii, 341–4.Google Scholar
General Register Office (1968). A Glossary of Mental Disorders. London.Google Scholar
Hare, E. H. (1956). ‘Family setting and the urban distribution of schizophrenia.’ Journal of Mental Science, 102, 753–60.Google Scholar
Holmboe, R., and Astrup, C. (1957). ‘Follow-up study of 255 patients with acute schizophrenia and schizophreniform psychoses.’ Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Suppl. 115.Google Scholar
Hudgens, R. W., Robins, E., and Delong, W. B. (1970). ‘The reporting of recent stress in the lives of psychiatric patients.’ British Journal of Psychiatry, 117, 635–43.Google ScholarPubMed
Jenkins, R. L. (1950). ‘Nature of the schizophrenic process.’ Archives of Neorology and Psychiatry, 64, 243–62.Google Scholar
Johanson, E. (1958). ‘A study of schizophrenia in the male.’ Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Suppl. 125.Google Scholar
Kant, O. (1942). ‘The problem of psychogenic precipitation in schizophrenia.’ Psychiatric Quarterly, 16, 341–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kreitman, N., Sainsbury, P., Morrissey, J., Towers, J., and Scrivener, J. (1961). ‘The reliability of psychiatric assessment: an analysis.’ Journal of Mental Science, 107, 887–908.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Labhardt, F. (1963). Die Sckizophrenieähnlichen Emotionpsychosen. Berlin.Google Scholar
Lancet, (1969). ‘Analysis of psychiatric diagnosis.’ Lancet, i, 35–6.Google Scholar
Langfeldt, G. (1937). ‘The prognosis of schizophrenia and the factors influencing the course of the disease.’ Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Suppl. 13.Google Scholar
Langfeldt, G. (1956). ‘The prognosis in schizophrenia.’ Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Suppl. 110.Google Scholar
Laurence, K. M. (1959). ‘Tracing patients.’ Lancet, ii, 208–12.Google Scholar
Martin, M. E. (1958). ‘Puerperal mental illness: a follow-up study of 75 cases.’ British Medical Journal, ii, 773–7.Google Scholar
Paster, M. D. (1948). ‘Psychotic reactions among soldiers of World War II.’ Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 108, 54–66.Google Scholar
Pollitt, J. D. (1960). ‘Natural history studies in mental illness: a discussion based on a pilot study of obsessional states.’ Journal of Mental Science, 106, 93–113.Google Scholar
Polonio, P., and Slater, E. (1954). ‘A prognostic study of insulin treatment in schizophrenia.’ Journal of Mental Science, 100, 442–450.Google Scholar
Rennie, T. A. C. (1939). ‘Follow-up study of five hundred patients with schizophrenia admitted to the hospital from 1913 to 1923.’ Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 42, 877–91.Google Scholar
Rennie, T. A. C. (1941). ‘Analysis of one hundred cases of schizophrenia with recovery.’ Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 46, 197–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ripley, H. S., and Wolf, S. (1951). ‘Long-term study of combat area schizophrenia reactions.’ American Journal of Psychiatry, 108, 409–416.Google Scholar
Rosen, I. (1957). ‘The clinical significance of obsessions in schizophrenia.’ Journal of Mental Science, 103, 733–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shepherd, M., Brooke, E. M., Cooper, J. E., and Lin, T. (1968). ‘An experimental approach to psychiatric diagnosis.’ Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Suppl. 201.Google Scholar
Simon, W., and Wirt, R. D. (1961). ‘Prognostic factors in schizophrenia.’ American Journal of Psychiatry, 117, 887–90.Google Scholar
Stalker, H. (1939). ‘The prognosis in schizophrenia.’ Journal of Mental Science, 85, 1224–40.Google Scholar
Steinberg, H. R., and Durell, J. (1968). ‘A stressful social situation as a precipitant of schizophrenic symptoms: an epidemiological study.’ British Journal of Psychiatry, 114, 1097–1105.Google Scholar
Stengel, E. (1945). ‘A study of some clinical aspects of the relationship between obsessional neurosis and psychotic reaction types.’ Journal of Mental Science, 91, 166–87.Google Scholar
Stengel, E. (1967). ‘Recent developments in classification.’ In: Recent Developments in Schizophrenia (eds. Coppen and Walk). Ashford.Google Scholar
World Health Organisation (1948). Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death. Section V. Geneva.Google Scholar
World Health Organisation (1967). Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death. 8th revision, Section V. Geneva.Google Scholar
Zubin, J., Sutton, S., Salzinger, K., Salzinger, S., Burdock, E. I., and Peretz, D. (1961). ‘A biometric approach to prognosis in schizophrenia.’ In: Comparative Epidemiology of the Mental Disorders (eds. Hoch and Zubin). London and New York.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.