Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T16:15:36.907Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Standardized Interviews in Psychiatry: Issues of Reliability

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

R. W. Sanson-Fisher*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Medicine, Newcastle University, New South Wales, Australia
C. J. Martin
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Manchester, The University Hospital of South Manchester, West Didsbury, Manchester M20 8LR
*
Correspondence to the senior author who was an Australian NH and MRC Research Fellow when the paper was completed.

Summary

A review of studies which used standardized interviews as a means of data collection indicated that the issue of reliability was frequently neglected in the psychiatric literature. It is suggested that this may be due to a misinterpretation of the concept of reliability which is apparently perceived as a permanent feature of an interview instrument. The importance of reliability is discussed, and recommendations are made as to how a methodologically adequate assessment of reliability might be undertaken.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1981 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bartko, J. J. & Carpenter, W. T. (1976) On the methods and theory of reliability. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 163, 307–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cannell, C. F., Marquis, K. H. & Laurent, A. (1977) A summary of studies of interviewing methodologies. DHEW No HRA 77—1343.Google Scholar
Cicchetti, D. V. (1976) Assessing inter-rater reliability for rating scales: resolving some basic issues. British Journal of Psychiatry, 129, 453–6.Google Scholar
Cohen, J. (1968) Weighted Kappa: Nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagreement of partial credit. Psychological Bulletin, 70, 213–20.Google Scholar
Cooper, J. E., Copeland, J. R. M., Brown, G. W., Harris, T. & Gourley, A. J. (1977) Further studies in interviewer training and inter-rater reliability of the Present State Examination (PSE). Psychological Medicine, 7, 517–23.Google Scholar
Cooper, J. E., Kendell, R. E., Gurland, B. J., Sharpe, L., Copeland, J. R. M. & Simon, R. (1972) Psychiatric diagnosis in New York and London. Institute of Psychiatry Monographs, No 20, Oxford University Press, London.Google Scholar
Cronbach, L. J., Gleser, G. C., Nanda, H. & Rajaratnam, N. (1972) The Dependability of Behavioral Measurements: Theory of Generalisability for Scores and Profiles. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Hall, J. N. (1974) Inter-rater reliability of ward rating scales. British Journal of Psychiatry, 125, 248–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hartmann, D. P. (1977) Considerations in the choice of inter-observer reliability estimates. Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis, 10, 103–16.Google Scholar
Jones, R. R., Reid, J. B. & Patterson, G. R. (1975) Naturalistic observation in clinical assessment. In Advances in Psychological Assessment Vol 3, (ed. P. McReynolds). San Francisco: Jossey Bass.Google Scholar
Kazdin, A. E. (1977) Artifact, bias, and complexity of assessment: the ABC's of reliability. Journal of Applied Behavioural Analysis, 10, 141–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kent, R. N., O'Leary, K. D., Diament, C. & Dietz, A. (1974) Expectation biases in observational evaluation of therapeutic change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 774–80.Google Scholar
Kent, R. N. & Foster, S. L. (1977) Direct observational procedures: methodological issues in naturalistic settings. In Handbook of Behavioural Assessment, (eds.) Ciminero, A. R., Calhoun, K. S. and Adams, H. E. John Wiley and Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Kent, R. N., Kanowitz, J., O'Leary, K. D. & Cheiken, M. (1977) Observer reliability as a function of circumstances of assessment. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10, 317–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luria, R. E. & Berry, R. (1979) Reliability and descriptive validity of PSE syndromes. Archives of General Psychiatry, 36, 1187–95.Google Scholar
Mash, E. J. & McElwee, J. (1974) Situational effects on observer accuracy: behavioural predictability, prior experience, and complexity of coding categories. Child Development, 45, 367–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maxwell, A. E. (1977) Coefficients of agreement between observers and their interpretation. British Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 7983.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitchell, S. K. (1979) Interobserver agreement, reliability, and generalisability of data collected in observational studies. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 376–90.Google Scholar
O'Leary, C. D. & Kent, R. N. (1973) Behavior modification for social action: research tactics and problems. In Critical Issues in Research and Practice, (eds.) Hamerlynck, L. A., Davidson, P. O. and Acker, L. E. Research Press, Illinois.Google Scholar
O'Leary, C. D., Kent, R. N. & Kanowitz, J. (1975) Shaping data collection congruent with experimental hypotheses. Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis, 8, 4351.Google Scholar
Redfield, J. & Paul, G. L. (1976) Bias in behavioural observation as a function of observer familiarity with subjects and typicality of behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 44, 156.Google Scholar
Reid, J. B. (1970) Reliability assessment of observation data: a possible methodological problem. Child Development, 41, 1143–50.Google Scholar
Romanczyk, R. G., Kent, R. N., Diament, C. & O'Leary, K. D. (1973) Measuring the reliability of observational data: a reactive process. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 6, 175–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skindrud, K. (1972) An evaluation of observer bias in experimental field studies interaction. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, quoted In Jones, R. R. et al (op. cit.).Google Scholar
Taplin, P. S. & Reid, J. B. (1973) Effects of instructional set and experimenter influence on observer reliability. Child Development, 44, 547–54.Google Scholar
Wing, J. K., Cooper, J. E. & Sartorius, N. (1974) The Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wing, J. K., Nixon, J. M., Mann, S. A. & Leff, J. P. (1977) Reliability of the PSE (9th Edition used in a population survey). Psychological Medicine, 7, 505–16.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.