Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T02:37:53.230Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Quantitative Determination of Immunoglobulins in CSF and Plasma of Chronic Schizophrenic Patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

Lynn E. Delisi ,
Daniel R. Weinberger ,
Steven Potkin ,
Leonard M. Neckers ,
David J. Shiling  and
Richard Jed Wyatt
Lynn E. Delisi
Affiliation:
Adult Psychiatry Branch, Division of Special Mental Research, Intramural Research Program, Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, D.C. 20032, U.S.A.
Daniel R. Weinberger
Affiliation:
Adult Psychiatry Branch, Division of Special Mental Research, Intramural Research Program, Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, D.C. 20032, U.S.A.
Steven Potkin
Affiliation:
Adult Psychiatry Branch, Division of Special Mental Research, Intramural Research Program, Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, D.C. 20032, U.S.A.
Leonard M. Neckers
Affiliation:
Adult Psychiatry Branch, Division of Special Mental Research, Intramural Research Program, Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, D.C. 20032, U.S.A.
David J. Shiling
Affiliation:
Adult Psychiatry Branch, Division of Special Mental Research, Intramural Research Program, Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, D.C. 20032, U.S.A.
Richard Jed Wyatt
Affiliation:
Adult Psychiatry Branch, Division of Special Mental Research, Intramural Research Program, Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, D.C. 20032, U.S.A.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Immunoglobulins, IgG, IgA and IgM were quantified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from chronic schizophrenic patients and controls using an immunofluorescent antibody technique. A generalized reduction in immunoglobulin levels was observed in the schizophrenic patients compared with controls. While this study supports other reports of abnormal immune functioning in schizophrenia, it failed to replicate previous findings of elevations in CSF IgG and elevations in serum IgA. The aetiology and significance of these findings are hypothesized but remain elusive.

Type
Research Article
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 139 , Issue 6 , December 1981 , pp. 513 - 518
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1981 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albrecht, P., Torrey, E. F., Boone, E. & Hicks, J. T. (1980) Raised cyctomegalovirus-antibody level in cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenic patients. Lancet, ii, 769–72.Google Scholar
Alstrom, C. H. (1942) Mortality in mental hospitals with special regard to tuberculosis. Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologie, Supplement No. 24, 363–422.Google Scholar
Amkraut, A., Solomon, G. F., Allansmith, M., McClellan, B. & Rappaport, M. (1973) Immunoglobulins and improvement in acute schizophrenic reactions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 28, 673–7.Google Scholar
Ananth, J. V. & Minn, K. (1973) Chlorpromazine-induced systemic lupus erythematosis. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 108, 680.Google Scholar
Annino, J. S. (1964) Clinical chemistry: Principles and procedures, 3rd Edition.Google Scholar
Babigian, H. M. & Odoroff, C. L. (1969) The mortality experience of a population with psychiatric illness. American Journal of Psychiatry, 126, 52—62.Google Scholar
Baldwin, J. A. (1979) Editorial: Schizophrenia and physical disease. Psychological Medicine, 9, 611–18.Google Scholar
Baur, E. W. (1967) Anaemia and reticulum cell hyperplasia in schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 113, 558.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beauchemin, J. A. (1936) Allergic reactions in mental diseases. American Journal Psychiatry, 92, 1191.Google Scholar
Bock, E., Week, B. & Rafaelson, O. J. (1970) Immunoglobulins in schizophrenic patients. Lancet, ii, 523.Google Scholar
Conesa, L. C. G., Pasqualini, R. S., Pujato, D. & Lynch, M. (1979) Cellular immunity in early human breast carcinoma. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 24, 355–61.Google Scholar
Crow, T. J., Ferrier, I. N., Johnstone, E. C., Macmillan, J. F., Owens, D. G., Parry, R. P. & Tyrrell, D. A. J. (1979) Characteristics of patients with schizophrenia or neurological disorder and virus-like agents in cerebrosphinal fluid. Lancet, i, 842–4.Google Scholar
Domino, E. F., Krause, R. R., Thiessen, M. M. & Batsakis, J. G. (1975) Blood protein fraction comparisons of normal and schizophrenic patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 32, 717–21.Google Scholar
Doust, J. W. L. (1952) Psychiatric aspects of somatic immunity: Differential incidence of physical disease in the histories of psychiatric patients. British Journal of Social Medicine, 6, 49—67.Google Scholar
Dubois, E. L., Tallman, E. & Wonka, R. A. (1972) Chlorpromazine-induced systemic lupus erythematosis. Journal of The American Medical Association, 221, 595–6.Google Scholar
Dwyer, D. S. (1979) Virus-like agents, IgA, and schizophrenia. Lancet, ii, 145–6.Google Scholar
Ettigi, P., Lal, S. & Friesen, H. G. (1973) Prolactin, phenothiazines, admission to mental hospital and carcinoma of the breast. Lancet, ii, 266–7.Google Scholar
Ferguson, R. M., Schmidtke, J. R. & Simmons, R. L. (1978) Effects of psychoactive drugs on in vitro lymphocyte activation. In Neurochemical and Immunologic Components in Schizophrenia. (ed. by Bergsma, D. and Goldstein, A. I.), 379–402. New York.Google Scholar
Fessel, W. J. & Solomon, G. F. (1960) Psychosis and systemic lupus erythematosis: A review of the literature and case reports. California Medicine, 92, 266–70.Google Scholar
Fieve, R. R., Blumenthal, B. & Little, B. (1966) The relationship of atypical lymphocytes, phenothiazines, and schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 15, 529–34.Google Scholar
Fishman, R. A. (1980) Cerebrospinal Fluid in Diseases of the Nervous System. Philadelphia: Saunders.Google Scholar
Fox, B. H. (1978) Cancer death risk in hospitalized mental patients. Science, 201, 966.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fossan, G. O. & Larsen, J. L. (1979) Variation of immunoglobulin G and total protein concentrations during lumbar cerebrospinal fluid collection. European Journal of Neurology, 18, 140–4.Google ScholarPubMed
Friedman, S. B., Cohen, J. & Iker, H. (1967) Antibody response to cholera vaccine: Differences between depressed, schizophrenic and normal subjects. Archives of General Psychiatry, 16, 312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gallien, M., Schnetzler, J. P. & Morin, J. (1976) Anticorps antinucleaires et lupis induits par les phenothiazines chez six cents malades hospitalises. Annates medico-psychologigues, Paris, t.l., 133, 237–48.Google Scholar
Gregg, D. (1939) The paucity of arthritis among psychotic cases. American Journal of Psychiatry, 95, 853–8.Google Scholar
Heath, R. G. & Krupp, I. M. (1967a) Schizophrenia as an immunologic disorder. I. Demonstration of antibrain antibodies. Archives of General Psychiatry, 16, 1—9.Google Scholar
Heath, R. G. & Krupp, I. M. (1967b) The biologic basis of schizophrenia: An autoimmune concept. The Molecular Basis of Some Aspects of Mental Activity, 2, 313–44 (ed. Wallaas, O.). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Heath, R. G. & Krupp, I. M. (1967c) Schizophrenia as an immunologic disorder. 2. Effects of serum protein fractions on brain function. Archives of General Psychiatry, 16, 10—23.Google Scholar
Heath, R. G., Krupp, I. M., Byers, L. W. & Lilyekvist, J. J. (1967) Schizophrenia as an immunologic disorder. 3. Effects of antimonkey and antihuman brain antibody on brain function. Archives of General Psychiatry, 16, 24—33.Google Scholar
Hendrie, H. C., Paraskevas, F. & Varsamis, J. (1972) Gamma globulin levels in psychiatric patients. Canadian Psychiatry Association Journal, 17, 93–7.Google Scholar
Hunter, R., Jones, M., Malleson, A. & Duncan, C. (1969) Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid total protein and gamma-globulin levels in 256 patients admitted to a psychiatric unit. Journal of Neurological Sciences, 9(1), 11—38.Google Scholar
Jankovic, B. D., Jakulic, S. & Howal, J. (1979) Cell-mediated immunity and psychiatric diseases. Periodicum Biologorum, Yugoslavia, 81 (2), 219–20.Google Scholar
Johnstone, E. C. & Whaley, K. (1975) Antinuclear antibodies in psychiatric illnesses: Their relationship to diagnosis and drug treatment. British Medical Journal, ii, 724–5.Google Scholar
Katz, J., Kunofsky, S., Patton, R. E. & Attaway, N. C. (1967) Cancer mortality among patients in New York mental hospitals. Cancer, 20, 2194.Google Scholar
Liedeman, R. R. & Prilipko, L. L. (1978) The behavior of T. lymphocytes in schizophrenia. Neurochemical and Immunologic Components in Schizophrenia, Birth Defects: Original Article Series, 5, 365–77 (eds. Bergma, D. and Goldstein, A. L.).Google Scholar
Lindelius, R. & Kay, D. W. (1973) Some changes in the pattern of mortality in schizophrenia in Sweden. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 49, 315–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lovett, C. L., Ulrich, J. T., Simms, B. G. & Goldstein, A. L. (1978) Effects of chlorpromazine on antibody production in vitro. Neurochemical and Immunologic Components in Schizophrenia. Birth Defects: Original Article Series, 5, 407–22 (eds. Bergma, D. and Goldstein, A. L.). New York.Google Scholar
Manconi, P. E., Zaccheo, D., Bugiano, O., Fadda, M., Grifoni, V. & Mantovani, G. (1976) T and B lymphocytes in normal cerebrospinal fluid. New England Journal of Medicine, 294, 49.Google Scholar
McAllister, R. M. & Hecker, A. O. (1949) The incidence of allergy in psychotic reactions. American Journal of Psychiatry, 105, 843–8.Google Scholar
Meltzer, H. Y. & Fang, V. S. (1976) The effect of neuroleptics on serum prolactin in schizophrenic patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, 279–86.Google Scholar
Modrzewski, K. & Book, J. A. (1979) Schizophrenia and malignant neoplasms in a North Swedish population. Lancet, i, 275–6.Google Scholar
Molholm, H. B. (1942) Hyposensitivity to foreign protein in schizophrenic patients. Psychiatric Quarterly, 16, 565–71.Google Scholar
Montie, J. E. (1979) The significance of cancer after renal transplantation. Journal of Urology, 22 (3), 298–9.Google Scholar
Nissen, H. A. & Spencer, K. A. (1936) Psychogenic problem (endocrinal and metabolic) in chronic arthritis. New England Journal of Medicine, 214, 576–81.Google Scholar
Niswander, G. D. & Haslerud, G. M. (1961) Changes in age distribution of a schizophrenic population. Diseases of the Nervous System, 22 (2), 616–18.Google Scholar
Niswander, G. D., Haslerud, G. M. & Mitchell, G. (1963) Differences in longevity of released and retained schizophrenic patients. Diseases of the Nervous System, 24, 348–52.Google Scholar
Overall, J. E. (1978) Prior psychiatric treatment and the development of breast cancer. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 898–9.Google Scholar
Pulkkinen, E. (1977) Immunoglobulins, psychopathology and prognosis in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 56, 173–82.Google Scholar
Solomon, G. F., Allansmith, M., McClellan, B. & Amkraut, A. (1969) Immunoglobulins in psychiatric patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 20, 272–7.Google Scholar
Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J. E. & Robins, E. (1977) Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for a Selected Group of Functional Disorders. Third ed. New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research.Google Scholar
Strahilevitz, M. & Davis, S. D. (1970) Increased IgA in schizophrenic patients. Lancet, ii, 370.Google Scholar
Strahilevitz, M., Fleishman, J. B., Fischer, G. W., Harris, R. & Narasimhachari, N. (1976) Immunoglobulin levels in psychiatric patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 133, 772–6.Google Scholar
Thaler, M. S., Klausner, R. D. & Cohen, H. J. (1977) Antigens and antibodies. In Medical Immunology, 29–51. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company.Google Scholar
Thompson, W. D. & Weissman, M. M. (1979) Breast cancer and treatment with neuroleptics. Archives of General Psychiatry, 36, 604–5.Google Scholar
Torrey, F. E., Peterson, M. R., Brannon, W. L., Carpenter, W. T., Post, R. M. & Van Kanmen, D. P. (1978) Immunoglobulins and viral antibodies in psychiatric patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 132, 342–8.Google Scholar
Tsuang, M. T. & Woolson, R. F. (1977) Mortality in patients with schizophrenia, mania, depression and surgical conditions. A comparison with general population mortality. British Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 162–6.Google Scholar
Tsuang, M. T., Woolson, R. F. & Fleming, J. A. (1980) Causes of death in schizophrenia and manic depression. British Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 239–42.Google Scholar
Tyrell, D., Crow, T. J., Parry, R. P., Johnstone, E. C. & Ferrier, I. N. (1979) Possible virus in schizophrenia and some neurological disorders. Lancet, i, 839–41.Google Scholar
Vartanian, M. E., Kolyaskina, G. I., Lozovsky, D. V., Burbaeva, G. Sh. & Ignatov, S. A. (1978) Aspects of humoral and cellular immunity in schizophrenia. Neurochemical and Immunologic Components in Schizophrenia. Birth Defects: Original Article Series, 5, 365–77 (eds. Bergsma, Daniel and Goldstein, Allan).Google Scholar
Vaughn, W. T., Sullivan, J. C. & Elmadjian, F. (1949) Immunity and schizophrenia: Survey of the ability of schizophrenic patients to develop active immunity following injection of pertussis vaccine. Psychosomatic Medicine, 11, 328–32.Google Scholar
Wekner, B., Schnedler, R. & Bernhardt, W. (1975) Immunoglobulins A, G and M in the lumbar spinal fluid. Normal ranges and dependence on the other proteins. Der Nervenarzt, 46 (9), 532–8.Google Scholar
Wertheimer, N. M. (1961) ‘Rheumatic schizophrenia’. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 579–96.Google Scholar
Zarrabi, M. H., Zucker, S., Miller, F., Derman, R. M., Romano, G. S., Hartnett, J. A. & Varma, A. O. (1979) Immunologic and coagulation disorders in chlorpromazine-treated patients. Annals of Internal Medicine, 91, 194–9.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.