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Prenatal and neonatal risk factors for schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 January 2018

Christina M. Hultman ,
Arne Öhman ,
Sven Cnattingius ,
Ing-Marie Wieselgren  and
Leif H. Lindström
Christina M. Hultman*
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Uppsala, Sweden
Arne Öhman
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Sven Cnattingius
Affiliation:
Department of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Uppsala, Sweden
Ing-Marie Wieselgren
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Uppsala, Sweden
Leif H. Lindström
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatric Research, Västerås Central Hospital, University of Uppsala, Sweden
*
Dr C. M. Hultman, Department of Psychiatry, Ulleråker, University of Uppsala, 750 17 Uppsala, Sweden. Fax:(+46) 18-154157
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Abstract

Background

The present study examines the effects of independent, single pre- and perinatal risk factors and rates of obstetric complications upon the subsequent development of schizophrenia.

Method

This study was based on prospectively recorded birth records of 107 cases (82 with schizophrenic disorders and 25 with other psychotic reactions) and 214 controls, individually matched by gender and time and place of birth. Variables univariately associated with significantly elevated risk were entered in a logistic regression model.

Results

A high non-optimality summary score (> or = 7 complications of 34 possible) was a significant risk estimate for the total index group (OR 4.58, 95% CI 1.74–12.03) and the 82 schizophrenic patients (OR 3.67, CI 1.30–10.36). Patients with 2–6 complications also had an increased, although lower, risk (OR 1.67, CI 1.02–2.75). A disproportionate birth weight for body length (OR 3.57, CI 1.77–7.19) and a small head circumference (OR 3.93, CI 1.32–11.71) were the strongest independent risk factors.

Conclusions

A contribution of obstetric complications to the risk of schizophrenia was confirmed. Only aberrations in physical size remained as individual independent risk factors.

Type
Papers
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 170 , Issue 2 , February 1997 , pp. 128 - 133
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

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