Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T08:12:11.525Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Pre-history of Child Psychiatry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

Alexander Walk
Alexander Walk*
Affiliation:
18 Sun Lane, Harpenden, Hertfordshire
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Nearly everyone here, I imagine, has either been present at or has read the splendid Maudsley Lecture delivered in 1958 by Professor Leo Kanner (1). In this Lecture Kanner reviewed the various interests, or, as he called them, the loosely scattered segments which by their eventual convergence and fusion resulted in the emergence, between thirty and forty years ago, of child psychiatry. He caused them to pass before our eyes in a vivid and colourful procession—psychiatry, mental deficiency, education, criminology, psychology, psycho-analysis, the child guidance clinics, with paediatrics given a place of its own, though not allowed to march in the procession itself. Now, I have been asked to take up one or two of these segments for closer examination, and give some account of their contents and development during the pre-historic period before they began to converge towards their final synthesis. In so far as I am able to do this, my account will be merely factual; I must leave it to you who are engaged in this field of work to assess the relevance of the material which I am presenting.

Type
Research Article
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 110 , Issue 469 , November 1964 , pp. 754 - 767
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1964 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Kanner, , Leo, (1959). “Trends in child psychiatry” (The Thirty-third Maudsley Lecture). J. Ment. Sci., 105, 581–593.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2. Ruhräh, J. (1925). Pediatrics of the Past. New York.Google Scholar
3. Still, Sir G. F. (1931). History of Paediatrics. London.Google Scholar
4. Roelans, , Cornelius, (c. 1483). De Aegritudinis Infantum. (Quoted by Ruhräh). Louvain.Google Scholar
5. Phaer (Phayre), T. (1546). The Boke of Children. (Quoted by Ruhräh.) London.Google Scholar
6. Oesterreicher, , Sebastian, (1540). De Infantium Morborum Diagnotione. (Quoted by Ruhräh.) Basle.Google Scholar
7. Mercurialis, , Hieronymus, (1583). De Morbis Puerorum. (Quoted by Ruhräh.) Venice.Google Scholar
8. Brouzet, —. (1754). Essai sur l'éducation médicinale des enfans et sur leurs maladies. Paris.Google Scholar
9. Hunter, R., and MacAlpine, I. (1963). Three Hundred years of Psychiatry. London.Google Scholar
10. Baker, , SirGeorge, (1755). De affectibus animi . (Quoted by Hunter and Macalpine, op. cit., p. 401.) Cambridge.Google Scholar
11. Baddeley, R. (1622). The Boy of Bilson . (Quoted by Hunter and Macalpine, op. cit., p. 100.) London.Google Scholar
12. Weyer, J. (1560). Quoted in Calmeil, L. F.: De la Folie. Paris. 1845 p. 264.Google Scholar
13. Greding, J. E. (1790). Medical Aphorisms on Melancholy, etc . Transl. in: Crichton, A., An Inquiry into Mental Derangement, London (1798), ii, p. 355. 14. Perfect, W. (1801). Annals of Insanity. 2nd edition. London. pp. 251–281.Google Scholar
15. Haslam, , John, (1809). Observations on Madness. 2nd edition. London. pp. 185–206.Google Scholar
16. Burrows, G. M. (1828). Commentaries on the Causes etc. of Insanity. London. p. 490.Google Scholar
17. Rush, , Benjamin, (1812). Medical Inquiries and Observations upon Diseases of the Mind. Philadelphia. pp. 56–57.Google Scholar
18. Rubinstein, , Eli, (1948). “Childhood mental disease in America.” Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 18, 314–321.Google Scholar
19. Prichard, J. C. (1835). A Treatise on Insanity. London. p. 55.Google Scholar
20. Prichard, J. C. (1842). On the Different Forms of Insanity in Relation to Jurisprudence. London. p. 149.Google Scholar
21. Voisin, F. (1826). Des Causes Morales et Physiques des Maladies Mentales. Paris.Google Scholar
22. Crommelinck, C. (1842). Rapport sur les Hospices d'Aliénés de l'Angleterre, de la France et de l'Allemagne. Courtrai. p. 190.Google Scholar
23. Seguin, E. (1846). Traitement Moral des Idiots. Paris. pp. 86–96.Google Scholar
24. Esquirol, J. E. D. (1838). Des Maladies Mentales. Vol. I. Paris. pp. 30–32.Google Scholar
25. Georgen, J. D., and Deinhardt, H. (1861). Die Heilpädagogik. Leipzig.Google Scholar
26. Ellis, , Robert, (1852). Disease in Childhood. London.Google Scholar
27. West, Charles. Lectures on the Diseases of Childhood. 3rd edition, 1854, pp. 189 ff; 6th edition, 1874, pp. 256 ff. London.Google Scholar
28. West, Charles. (1871). On some Disorders of the Nervous System in Childhood. London. pp. 115 ff.Google Scholar
29. Morison, T. C. (1848). “Case of mania in a child six years old.” J. Psychol. Med., 1, 317.Google Scholar
30. Macdonald, J. (1846). N.Y. J. Medicine, 8–9. Quoted by Rubinstein, loc. cit.Google Scholar
31. Durand-Fardel, —. (1855). “Le suicide chez les enfants.” Ann. Méd.-Psychol., 61.Google Scholar
32. Le Paulmier, —. (1856). “Les affections mentales chez les enfants.” Thèse de Paris.Google Scholar
33. Crichton-Browne, , James, (1860). “Psychical diseases of early life.” J. Ment. Sci., 6, 284–320.Google Scholar
34. Conolly, J. (1862). “Juvenile insanity.” Med. Times and Gazette, 1, 28, 130, 134, 372.Google Scholar
35. Beach, , Fletcher, (1900). Presidential Address to Medico-Psychological Association. J. Ment. Sci., 46, 646 ff.Google Scholar
36. Carpenter, , Mary, (1851). Reformatory Schools; (1853). Juvenile Delinquents.Google Scholar
37. Millar, , John, (1863). Lancet, i, 576.Google Scholar
38. Berkhan, —. (1863). Correspondenzblatt der Deutscher Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie. March. p. 65. (Abstract in J. Ment. Sci., 1863, 9, 238.)Google Scholar
39. Griesinger, W. (1861). Die Pathologie and Therapie der Psychischen Krankheiten. 2nd edition. Stuttgart. p. 146 ff. (Transl. as Mental Pathology and Therapeutics (1867). London. pp. 142 ff.)Google Scholar
40. Maudsley, , Henry, (1879). The Pathology of Mind. London. pp. 256–295. 2nd edition, 1895, pp. 64–386.Google Scholar
41. Lewis, A. J. (1951). “Henry Maudsley: his work and influence.” J. Ment. Sci., 97, 259–277.Google Scholar
42. Creak, , Mildred, and Guttmann, L. (1935). J. Ment. Sci., 81, 834; and 1940, 86, 624.Google Scholar
43. Krafft-Ebbing, R. V. (1879). Lehrbuch der Psychiatric. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
44. Kraepelin, E. (1883). Compendium der Psychiatrie. Leipzig. pp. 50 ff.Google Scholar
45. Clouston, T. S. (1882). Female Education from a Medical Point of View. Edinburgh. (Review in J. Ment. Sci., 1883, 29, 100.)Google Scholar
46. Clouston, T. S. (1891). The Neuroses of Development. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
47. Harms, E. (1962). “Karl Kahlbaum's ideas on pedagogical treatment of mentally ill children.” Amer. J. Psychiat., 119, 477–478.Google Scholar
48. Kahlbaum, K. (1884). Allg. Z. Psychiat., 40, 863.Google Scholar
48a. Laehr, H. (1893). Gedenktage der Psychiatric. 4th edition. Berlin. p. 232.Google Scholar
49. Henoch, E. (1889). Lectures on Children's Diseases. (Transl. by Thomson, J.,) London.Google Scholar
50. Moreau (de Tours), , Paul, (1888). La Folie chez les Enfants . Paris. (Review in J. Ment. Sci., 1891, 37, 264.)Google Scholar
51. Allbutt, , Clifford, (1889). “Insanity of children.” J. Ment. Sci., 35, 130.Google Scholar
52. Manheimer, , Marcel, (1899). Les Troubles Mentaux de l'Enfance: Précis de Psychiatrie Infantile. Paris.Google Scholar
53. Emminghaus, H. (1887). Die Psychische Störungen des Kindesalters . Nachtrag 2 to Gerhardt's Handbuch d. Kinderkrankheiten. Tubingen.Google Scholar
54. Harms, E. (1960). “At the cradle of child psychiatry.” Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 30, 186–190.Google Scholar
55. Langdon Down, J. (1887). Mental Affections of Childhood and Youth. London.Google Scholar
56. Ireland, W. (1898). The Mental Affections of Children. London.Google Scholar
57. Beach, , Fletcher, (1898). “Insanity in children.” J. Ment. Sci., 44, 459–474.Google Scholar
58. Hare, E. H. (1962). “Masturbatory insanity: the history of an idea.” Ibid., 108, 1–25.Google Scholar
59. Heller, , Theodor, (1904). Grundriss der Heilpädagogik. Leipzig.Google Scholar
60. Koch, J. L. A. (1891). Die Psychopathischen Minder-wertigkeiten. Ravensburg.Google Scholar
61. Oppenheim, —. (1899). Nervenleiden und Erziehung. Berlin.Google Scholar
62. Bruns, —. (1897). Die Hysterie im Kindesalter. Halle.Google Scholar
63. Sachs, —. (1899). Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten des Kindesalters.Google Scholar
64. Strumpel, L. V. (1890). Die Pädagogische Pathologie. Leipzig.Google Scholar
65. Heilpädagogik (Beiblatt zu Erziehung u. Unterricht, Wien). 1959. Special number.Google Scholar
66. Harms, E. (1962). “Die Entwicklung der Kinder-psychiatrie.” Praxis d. Kinderpsychol., 11, 81–85.Google Scholar
67. Crutcher, , Roberta, (1943). “Child psychiatry: the history of its development.” Psychiatry, 6, 191.Google Scholar
68. Creak, , Mildred, (1954). “Parents and children: yesterday and today.” Lancet, ii, 236.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.