Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T14:41:54.389Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Prediction of Chronic Persistent Versus Intermittent Tardive Dyskinesia

A Retrospective Follow-Up Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

William M. Glazer*
Affiliation:
Tardive Dyskinesia Clinic, Connecticut Mental Health Center, and Yale University School of Medicine
Hal Morgenstern
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles
John T. Doucette
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
*
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA

Abstract

Relatively little is known about the course of TD in patients continuing to receive neuroleptic medication. In a retrospective follow-up study of 192 patients seen two or more times (average 7.7 visits) over 3–55 months in the Yale Tardive Dyskinesia Clinic, 112 (58%) demonstrated a ‘chronic persistent’ pattern, the remainder an ‘intermittent’ pattern. The most important predictors of chronic persistent TD, using multiple logistic-regression analyses, included increased age and the presence of non-orofacial TD at baseline.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Branchey, M. H., Branchey, L. B. & Richardson, M. A. (1981) Effects of neuroleptic adjustment on clinical condition and tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138, 606612.Google Scholar
Casey, D. E. (1985) Tardive dyskinesia: reversible and irreversible. In Dyskinesia – Research and Treatment (eds D. E. Casey et al), pp. 8897. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casey, D. E. & Gardos, G. (1986) Tardive dyskinesia: what is the long-term outcome? In Tardive Dyskinesia and Neuroleptics: From Dogma to Reason (ed. D. E. Casey), pp. 8097. Washington, DC: APA.Google Scholar
Casey, D. E., Povlsen, U. F., Meidahl, B., et al (1986) Neurolepticinduced tardive dyskinesia and parkinsonism: changes during several years of continuing treatment. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 22, 250253.Google Scholar
Chien, C. P. & Cole, J. O. (1973) Eighteen months follow-up of tardive dyskinesia treated with various catecholamine-related agents. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 9, 3740.Google Scholar
Crane, G. E. (1967) Tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia patients treated with psychotropic drugs. Aggressologic, 9, 209216.Google Scholar
Crane, G. E., Naranjo, E. R. & Chase, C. (1971) Motor disorders induced by neuroleptics. Archives of General Psychiatry, 24, 149184.Google Scholar
Gardos, G. & Cole, J. (1983) The prognosis of tardive dyskinesia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 44, 177179.Google ScholarPubMed
Gardos, G., Perenyi, A., Cole, J., et al (1988) Seven-year follow-up of tardive dyskinesia in Hungarian outpatients. Neuropsychopharmacology, 1, 169172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glazer, W. M. (1986) Notes from a tardive dyskinesia clinic. Yale Psychiatric Quarterly, 8, 415.Google Scholar
Glazer, W. M. (1988) Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. In Dictionary of Behavioral Assessment Techniques (eds M. Hersen & A. Bellack), pp. 13. New York: Pergamon.Google Scholar
Glazer, W. M. & Moore, D. C. (1981) A tardive dyskinesia clinic in a mental health center. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 32, 572574.Google Scholar
Glazer, W. M., Moore, D. C., Schooler, N., et al (1984) Tardive dyskinesia: a discontinuation study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 623627.Google Scholar
Glazer, W. M. & Morgenstern, H. (1988) Predictors of occurrence, severity, and course of tardive dyskinesia in an outpatient population. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 8, 10S16S.Google Scholar
Glazer, W. M., Morgenstern, H. & Niedzwiecki, D. (1988) Heterogeneity of tardive dyskinesia: a multivariate analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 253259.Google Scholar
Glazer, W. M., Morgenstern, H., Schooler, N., et al (1990) Predictors of improvement in tardive dyskinesia following discontinuation of neuroleptic medication. British Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 585592.Google Scholar
Granacher, R. (1981) Differential diagnosis of tardive dyskinesia: an overview. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138, 12881297.Google Scholar
Guy, W. (1976) ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology (revised 1976). US Department of Health, Education and Welfare Publication 76–338. Washington, DC: ADAMHA.Google Scholar
Hollingshead, A. (1975) A Two Factored Index of Social Position (mimeographed booklet). New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Hollister, L. E. (1977) Anti-psychotic medications and the treatment of schizophrenia. In Psychopharmacology: From Theory to Practice (eds J. D. Barchas, et al), pp. 121150. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Jeste, D. & Wyatt, R. (1981) Changing epidemiology of tardive dyskinesia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138, 297309.Google ScholarPubMed
Jeste, D. & Wyatt, R. (1982) Understanding and Treating Tardive Dyskinesia. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Kleinbaum, D., Kupper, L. & Morgenstern, H. (1982) Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods. Belmont: Lifetime Learning.Google Scholar
Lane, R., Glazer, W. & Hansen, T. (1985) Assessment of tardive dyskinesia using the abnormal involuntary movement scale. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorder, 173, 353357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morgenstern, H., Glazer, W., Gibowski, L., et al (1987a) Predictors of tardive dyskinesia: results of a cross-sectional study in an outpatient population. Journal of Chronic Disorders, 40, 319327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgenstern, H., Glazer, W., Niedzwiecki, D., et al (1987b) The impact of neuroleptic medication on tardive dyskinesia: a meta-analysis of published studies. American Journal of Public Health, 77, 717724.Google Scholar
Schonecker, M. (1957) Eig eigentumliches syndrom in oralen Bereich bei megaphen applikation. Nervenzart, 28, 3546.Google Scholar
Schooler, N. & Kane, J. (1982) Research diagnoses for tardive dyskinesia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39, 486487.Google ScholarPubMed
Seeman, M. V. (1981) Tardive dyskinesia: two-year recovery. Comparative Psychiatry, 22, 189192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, J. M. & Baldessarini, R. J. (1980) Changes in prevalence, severity and recovery in tardive dyskinesia with age. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 13681373.Google Scholar
Smith, J. M., Burke, M. P. & Moon, C. O. (1981) Long-term changes in AIMS ratings and their relation to medication history. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 17, 120121.Google ScholarPubMed
Spitzer, R. & Endicott, J. (1978) Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia – Lifetime Version (SADS–L) (3rd edn). New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute.Google Scholar
Spitzer, R., Endicott, J. & Robins, E. (1978) Research diagnostic criteria: rationale and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 773782.Google Scholar
Turek, I., Kurland, A. A., Hanlon, T. E., et al (1972) Tardive dyskinesia: its relation to neuroleptic and antiparkinson drugs. British Journal of Psychiatry, 121, 605612.Google Scholar
Uhrbrand, L. & Faurbye, A. (1960) Reversible and irreversible dyskinesia after treatment with perphenazine, chlorpromazine, reserpine, and electroconvulsive therapy. Psychopharmacologia, 1, 408448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waddington, J. L. (1989) Schizophrenia, affective psychoses, and other disorders treated with neuroleptic drugs: the enigma of tardive dyskinesia, its neurobiological determinants, and the conflict of paradigms. International Review of Neurobiology, 31, 297353.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wegner, J. T. & Kane, J. M. (1982) Follow-up study on the reversibility of tardive dyskinesia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 368369.Google ScholarPubMed
Yagi, G. & Itoh, H. (1987) Follow-up study of 11 patients with potentially reversible tardive dyskinesia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 14961498.Google Scholar
Yassa, R., Nair, V. & Schwartz, G. (1984) Tardive dyskinesia: a two-year follow-up. Psychosomatics, 25, 852855.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.