Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T15:06:07.212Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Possible Improvements to the Diagnostic Criteria for Dementia in DSM-III

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

A. F. Jorm*
Affiliation:
NH & MRC Social Psychiatry Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
A. S. Henderson
Affiliation:
NH & MRC Social Psychiatry Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
*
Correspondence

Abstract

The DSM-III diagnostic criteria for dementia can be criticised because they treat dementia as a categorical rather than dimensional disorder, and thus ignore the problem of placing appropriate cutoffs. They are also too broad and may result in diagnostic unreliability because of varying interpretations of the criteria by different diagnosticians. Strategies for overcoming these problems are discussed and some improved criteria proposed.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © 1985 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.) Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Finn, S. E. (1982) Base rates, utilities, and DSM-III: Shortcomings of fixed-rule systems of psychodiagnosis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 91, 294302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Folstein, M., Folstein, S. E. & McHugh, P. R. (1975) “Mini-Mental State”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189198.Google Scholar
Henderson, A. S. (1983) The coming epidemic of dementia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 17, 117127.Google Scholar
Folstein, M., & Huppert, F. A. (1984) The problem of mild dementia. Psychological Medicine, 14, 511.Google Scholar
Holzer, C. E., Tischler, G. L., Leaf, P. J. & Myers, J. K. (in press) An epidemiologic assessment of cognitive impairment in a community population. In Research in Community and Mental Health, Vol. 4. Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Hughes, C. P., Berg, L., Danziger, W. L., Coben, L. A. & Martin, R. L. (1982) a new clinical state for the staging of dementia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 566572.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jöreskog, K. G. & Sörbom, D. (1978) Lisrel IV. Chicago: National Educational Resources.Google Scholar
Kahn, R. L., Zarit, S. H., Hilbert, N. M. & Niederehe, G. (1975) Memory complaint and impairment in the aged. Archives of General Psychiatry, 32, 15691573.Google Scholar
Kay, D. W. K., Henderson, A. S., Scott, R., Wilson, J., Rickwood, D. & Grayson, D. A. (in press) The prevalence of dementia and depression among the elderly living in the Hobart community: a comparison of the rates obtained using different diagnostic criteria. Psychological Medicine.Google Scholar
Lawrence, C. (1984) Testing for memory disorder. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 18, 207210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lipowski, Z. J. (1984) Organic mental disorders—An American perspective. British Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 542546.Google Scholar
Nelson, H. E. & O'Connell, A. (1978) Dementia: The estimation of premorbid intelligence levels using the New Adult Reading Test. Cortex, 14, 234244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reisberg, B., Ferris, S. H., De Leon, M. J. & Crook, T. (1982) The Global Deterioration Scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 11361139.Google Scholar
Robins, L. N., Helzer, J. E., Croughan, J. & Ratcliff, K. S. (1981) National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 381389.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spitzer, R. L. (1984) Suggestions for revising DSM-III. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 824.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, B. E., Blessed, G. & Roth, M. (1970) Observations on the brains of demented old people. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 11, 205242.Google Scholar
Wilson, R. S., Rosenbaum, G. & Brown, G. (1979) The problem of premorbid intelligence in neuropsychological assessment. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1, 4953.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wing, J. K., Cooper, J. E. & Sartorius, N. (1974) Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1978) Mental Disorders: Glossary and Guide to their Classification in Accordance with the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases. Geneva, WHO.Google Scholar
Young, M. A. (1983) Evaluating diagnostic criteria: a latent class paradigm. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17, 285296.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.