Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T08:40:38.385Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Patient Psychopathology and Expressed Emotion in Schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Shirley M. Glynn*
Affiliation:
West Los Angeles VAMC, (B151J), 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
Eugenia T. Randolph
Affiliation:
West Los Angeles VAMC
Spencer Eth
Affiliation:
West Los Angeles VAMC
George G. Paz
Affiliation:
West Los Angeles VAMC
Gregory B. Leong
Affiliation:
West Los Angeles VAMC
Andrew L. Shaner
Affiliation:
Psychiatric Evaluation and Admission, West Los Angeles VAMC
Angus Strachan
Affiliation:
Family Assessment and Treatment Laboratory, Clinical Research Center for the Study of Schizophrenia and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024
*
Correspondence

Abstract

The relationship of a full range of psychiatric symptoms to EE was examined in 40 men with BPRS and SANS diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Patients from high-EE families had significantly higher ratings of positive symptoms, anxious depression, and overall psychopathology, but not negative symptoms, than did those from low-EE families. In predicting relapses of schizophrenia, account may need to be taken of an interaction between subtle differences in symptoms and relatives' attitudes.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edn) (DSM–III). Washington, DC: APA.Google Scholar
Andreasen, N. C. (1979) Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. Iowa City: Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine.Google Scholar
Brown, G. W., Birley, J. L. T. & Wing, J. K. (1972) Influence of family life on the course of schizophrenic disorders: a replication. British Journal of Psychiatry, 121, 241258.Google Scholar
Endicott, J., ‘Spitzer, R. L., Fleiss, J. L., et al (1976) The global assessment scale: a procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. In ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psycho pharmacology, Revised, 1976 (ed. W. Guy). Rockville, MD: US Department of Health, Education, & Welfare.Google Scholar
Falloon, I. R. H., Boyd, J. L. & McGill, C. W. (1984) Family Care of Schizophrenia. New York: Guilford Press. Hooley, J. M. (1985) Expressed emotion: a review of the critical literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 5, 119–139.Google Scholar
Kanter, J., Lamb, H. R. & Loeper, C. (1987) Expressed emotion in families: a critical review. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 38, 374380.Google Scholar
Koenigsberg, H. W. & Handley, R. (1986) Expressed emotion: from predictive index to clinical construct. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 13611373.Google Scholar
Krawiecka, M., Goldberg, D. & Vaughan, M. (1977) A standardized psychiatric assessment scale for rating chronic psychotic patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 55, 299308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leff, J. & Vaughn, C. (1985) Expressed Emotion in Families. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Lewine, R. J. & Sommers, A. A. (1985) Clinical definition of negative symptoms as a reflection of theory and methodology. In Controversies in Schizophrenia: Changes and Constancies (ed. M. Alpert). New York: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Macmillan, J. F., Gold, A., Crow, T. J., et al (1986) Expressed emotion and relapse. British Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 133143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McElroy, E. M. (1987) The beat of a different drummer. Families of the Mentally Ill: Coping and Adaptation (eds A. B. Hatfield & H. P. Lefley). New York: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Miklowitz, D. J., Goldstein, M. J. & Falloon, I. R. H. (1983) Premorbid and symptomatic characteristics of schizophrenics from families with high and low levels of expressed emotion. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 92, 359367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mintz, J., Mintz, L. & Goldstein, M. (1987) Expressed emotion and relapse in first episodes of schizophrenia: a rejoinder to MacMillan et al (1986). British Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 314320.Google Scholar
Mintz, L. I., Nuechterlein, K. H., Goldstein, M. J., et al (1989) The initial onset of schizophrenia and family expressed emotion: some methodological considerations. British Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 212217.Google Scholar
Overall, J. E. (1976) The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale in psychopharmacology research. In ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology, Revised, 1976 (ed. W. Guy). Rockville, MD: US Dept of Health, Education, & Welfare.Google Scholar
Overall, J. E. & Gorham, D. (1962) The brief psychiatric rating scale. Psychological Reports, 10, 799812.Google Scholar
Strachan, A. M., Leff, J. P., Goldstein, M. J., et al (1986) Emotional attitudes and direct communication in the families of schizophrenics: a cross-national replication. British Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 279287.Google Scholar
Strachan, A. M., Feingold, D., Goldstein, M. J., et al (1989) Is expressed emotion an index of a transactional process? II. Patient's coping style. Family Process, 28, 169181.Google Scholar
Vaughn, C. E., Snyder, K. S., Jones, S., et al (1984) Family factors in schizophrenic relapse: a California replication of the British research on expressed emotion. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 11691177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vaughn, C. E. & Leff, J. P. (1976a) The influence of family and social factors on the course of psychiatric illness: a comparison of schizophrenic and depressed neurotic patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 123, 125137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaughn, C. E. & Leff, J. P. (1976b) The measurement of expressed emotion in the families of psychiatric patients. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 15, 157165.Google Scholar
Wing, J. K., Cooper, J. E. & Sartorius, N. (1974) The Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms. London: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.