Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T04:00:40.974Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A New Conception of the Relationship Between Psychological Coping Mechanisms and Biological Stress Buffering Systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2018

Arnold J. Friedhoff
Affiliation:
Millhauser Laboratories of the Department of Psychiatry of NYU Medical Center, New York, USA
Philip Simkowitz
Affiliation:
Millhauser Laboratories of the Department of Psychiatry of NYU Medical Center, New York, USA

Extract

Coping strategies to adapt to environmental and psychological contingencies have been well studied in the human subject. The typical individual is known to have response patterns that permit automatic, and often unconscious adjustment to changing conditions. Psychological (defence) mechanisms facilitate adaptation to new situations or interactions, and when successful, no additional coping mechanisms need to be invoked. However, situations may arise when such mechanisms are insufficient: this may result from developmental failure, personality factors, inordinate levels of stress, or combinations thereof.

Type
II. Biological Aspects
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alpert, M. (1975) Tremography as a measure of extrapyramidal function in the study of the dopamine hypothesis. In Catecholamines and Behaviour (ed. Friedhoff, A. J.). New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Alpert, M., Diamond, F., Weisenfreund, J., et al (1978) The neuroleptic hypothesis: study of the covariation of extrapyramidal and therapeutic drug effects. British Journal of Psychiatry, 133, 169175.Google Scholar
Bacopoulos, N. G., Hattox, S. E. & Roth, R. H. (1979) 3,4-Dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid in rat plasma: Possible indicators of central dopaminergic activity. European Journal of Pharmacology, 56, 225236.Google Scholar
Bowers, M. B., Swigar, M. E., Jatlow, P. I., et al (1984) Plasma catecholamine metabolites and early response to haloperidol. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 45, 248251.Google Scholar
Brody, D., Angrist, B., Rotrosen, J., et al (1987) Lack of effect of carbidopa on plasma homovanillic acid in normal subjects. Psychiatric Research, 21, 185187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carlsson, A. & Lindquvist, M. (1963) Effect of chlorpromazine or haloperidol on formation of 3-methoxytyramine and normetanephrine in mouse brain. Acta Pharmacology and Toxicology, 20, 140144.Google Scholar
Chiodo, L. A. & Bunney, B. S. (1983) Typical and atypical neuroleptics: Differential effects of chronic administration on the activity of A9 and AIO midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Journal of Neuroscience 3, 16071619.Google Scholar
Dávila, R., Ma$nTero, E., Zumárraga, M., et al (1988) Plasma homovanillic acid as a predictor of response to neuroleptics. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 564567.Google Scholar
Davis, K. L., Davidson, M., Mohs, R. C., et al (1985) Plasma homovanillic acid concentrations and the severity of schizophrenia illness. Science, 227, 16011602.Google Scholar
Denham, J. (1961) The implications of extrapyramidal symptoms in treatment of schizophrenia. Revue Canadienne de Biologie, 20, 545548.Google ScholarPubMed
Iversen, L. L., Iversen, S. D. & Snyder, S. S. (eds) (1978) Affective Disorders: Drug actions in animals and man. Handbook of Psychopharmacology Vol. 14. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Kagan, J., Reznick, J. S. & Snidman, N. (1987) The physiology and psychology of behavioural inhibition in children. Child Development, 58, 14591473.Google Scholar
Kendler, K. S., Heninger, G. R. & Roth, R. H. (1981) Brain contribution to the haloperidol-induced increase in plasma homovanillic acid. European Journal of Pharmacology, 71, 321326.Google Scholar
Kendler, K. S., Mohs, R. C. & Davis, K. L. (1983) The effects of diet and physical activity on plasma in normal human subjects. Psychiatry Research, 8, 215223.Google Scholar
Pickar, D., Labarca, R., Linnoila, M., et al (1984) Neurolepticinduced decrease in plasma homovanillic acid and anti-psychotic activity in schizophrenic patients. Science, 225, 954957.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.