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Neuroimaging in autism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 January 2018

Shoumitro Deb  and
Bill Thompson
Shoumitro Deb*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff
Bill Thompson
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff
*
Dr S. Deb, Department of Psychological Medicine. University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Background

Childhood autism is a developmental disorder with distinctive clinical features and characteristic cognitive deficits. Neuroimaging techniques have been extensively used in the study of autism and related disorders.

Method

Recent important literature reported on structural and functional neuroimaging in autism was reviewed and discussed in the context of other neurobiological research findings.

Results

Various abnormalities of brain structure and function have been proposed, but no focal defect has been reliably demonstrated. Important findings, so far, include increased brain volume, structural abnormality in frontal lobe and corpus callosum in a proportion of autistic individuals. Functional neuroimaging findings emphasised the imbalance in interregional and inter-hemispheric brain metabolism and blood flow as well as abnormality in the anterior cingulate gyrus.

Conclusion

The research to date has been hindered by methodological difficulties. However, hypothesis-driven research, particularly involving activation studies and neurotransmitter/neuroreceptor activities, using functional neuroimaging will be very useful in unravelling the enigma associated with this intriguing and distressing condition.

Type
Review Article
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 173 , Issue 4 , October 1998 , pp. 299 - 302
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

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