Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T07:16:00.010Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ethnicity and outcome of psychosis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 January 2018

Nicky Goater ,
Michael King ,
Eleanor Cole ,
Gerard Leavey ,
Eric Johnson-Sabine ,
Robert Blizard  and
Amanda Hoar
Nicky Goater*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London
Michael King
Affiliation:
The Bethlem and Maudsley NHS Trust, Denmark Hill, London
Eleanor Cole
Affiliation:
Haringey Community Healthcare Trust, St Ann's Hospital, London
Gerard Leavey
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London
Eric Johnson-Sabine
Affiliation:
Haringey Community Healthcare Trust, St Ann's Hospital, London
Robert Blizard
Affiliation:
Haringey Community Healthcare Trust, St Ann's Hospital, London
Amanda Hoar
Affiliation:
Haringey Community Healthcare Trust, St Ann's Hospital, London
*
Professor Michael King, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

An excess of psychotic illness in Black people has been found in cross-sectional studies. Little is known about the outcome of psychosis in different ethnic groups in the UK.

Aims

To compare the incidence, nature and long-term outcome of psychosis in different ethnic groups.

Method

A five-year, prospective study of an epidemiological cohort of people with a first contact for psychosis.

Results

Age-standardised incidence rates for schizophrenia and non-affective psychosis were higher for Black and Asian people than Whites. Stability of diagnosis and course of illness were similar in all ethnic groups. During the fifth year, Black people were more likely than others to be detained, brought to hospital by the police and given emergency injections.

Conclusions

The nature and outcome of psychotic illness is similar in all ethnic groups but Black people experience more adverse contacts with services later in the course of illness.

Type
Papers
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 175 , Issue 1 , July 1999 , pp. 34 - 42
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Declaration of interest

The study was funded by the Department of Health.

References

Atkins, M., Burgess, A., Bottomley, C., et al (1997) Chlorpromazine equivalents: a consensus of opinion for both clinical and research applications. Psychiatric bulletin, 21, 224–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edn, revised) (DSM–III–R). Washington. DC: APA.Google Scholar
Andreason, N. C. (1982) Negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Definition and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39, 784–788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhopal, R. (1997) Is research into ethnicity and health racist, unsound, or important science? British Medical Journal, 314, 1751–1756.Google Scholar
Bhugra, D., Leff, J., Mallet, R., et al (1997) Incidence and outcome of schizophrenia in Whites, African-Caribbeans and Asians in London. Psychological Medicine, 27, 791–798.Google Scholar
Birchwood, M., McGorry, P. & Jackson, H. (1997) Early intervention in schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 2–5.Google Scholar
Carpenter, W. T. & Strauss, M. D. (1991) The prediction of outcome in schizophrenia IV: eleven-year follow-up of the Washington IPSS cohort. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 179, 517–525.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Commander, M. J., Sashi Dharan, S. P., Odell, S. M., et al (1997) Access to mental health care in an inner-city health district. I: Pathways into and within specialist psychiatric services. British Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 312–316.Google Scholar
Craig, J. T., Siegel, C., Hopper, K., et al (1997) Outcome in schizophrenia and related disorders compared between developing and developed countries. A recursive partitioning re-analysis of the WHO DOSMD data. British Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 229–233.Google Scholar
Eagles, J. M. (1995) Biological is not synonymous with genetic (letter). British Medical Journal, 310, 332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fernando, S. (1991) Mental Health, Race and Culture. London: Macmillan/Mind.Google Scholar
Foster, K., Meitzer, H., Gill, B., et al (1996) OPCS Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity in Great Britain. Report 8. Adults with a Psychotic Disorder Living in the Community. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Foster, P. (1989) Neuroleptic equivalence. Pharmaceutical Journal, Sept. 30, 431–432.Google Scholar
Gardner, M. J., Gardner, S. B. & Winter, P. B. (1989) Confidence Interval Analysis Version 1.1. London: BMJ Publishing.Google Scholar
Guy, W. (ed.) (1976) ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology Revised, DHEW Publication No. (ADM) 76–338. Washington. DC: United States Department of Health. Education and Welfare.Google Scholar
Harrison, G., Owens, D. Holten, A., et al (1988) A prospective study of severe mental disorder in Afro-Caribbean patients. Psychological Medicine, 18, 643–657.Google Scholar
Jablensky, A., Sartorius, N., Emberg, G., et al (1992) Schizophrenia: manifestations, incidence and course in different cultures. A World Health Organization ten-country study. Psychological Medicine, Monograph Supplement, 20, 1–97.Google Scholar
Ken-Ming, L. & Kleinman, A. M. (1988) Psychopathology and clinical course of schizophrenia: a cross cultural perspective. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 14, 555–567.Google Scholar
King, M., Coker, E., Leavey, G., et al (1994) Incidence of psychotic illness in London: comparison of ethnic groups. British Medical Journal, 309, 1115–1119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koffman, J., Fulop, N. J., Pashley, D., et al (1997) Ethnicity and use of acute psychiatric beds: one-day survey in North and South Thames regions. British Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 238–241.Google Scholar
Lavik, N. J., Hauff, E., Skrondal, A., et al (1996) Mental disorder among refugees and the impact of persecution and exile: some findings from an out-patient population. British Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 726–732.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lillie-Blanton, M. & Laveist, T. (1996) Race/ethnicity, the social environment, and health. Social Science and Medicine, 43, 83–91.Google Scholar
Littlewood, R. & Lipsedge, M. (1981) Some social and phenomenological characteristics of psychotic immigrants. Psychological Medicine, 11, 289–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKenzie, K., Van Os, J., Fahy, T., et al (1995) Psychosis with good prognosis in Afro-Caribbean people now living in the United Kingdom. British Medical Journal, 311, 1325–1328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Numerical Algorithms Group (1986) Generalised Linear Interactive Modelling (revised edn). Oxford: NAG.Google Scholar
Odell, S. M., Suttees, P. G., Wainwright, N. W. J., et al (1997) Determinants of general practitioner recognition of psychological problems in a multi-ethnic inner-city health district. British Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 537–541.Google Scholar
Phan, T. & Silove, D. (1997) The influence of culture on psychiatric assessment: the Vietnamese refugee. Psychiatric Services, 48, 86–90.Google Scholar
Sartorius, N., Jablensky, A., Korten, A., et al (1986) Early manifestations and first contact incidence of schizophrenia in different cultures. Psychological Medicine, 16, 909–928.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Selten, J-P., Slaets, J. P. J. & Kahn, R. S. (1997) Schizophrenia in Surinamese and Dutch Antillean immigrants to The Netherlands: evidence of an increased incidence. Psychological Medicine, 27, 807–811.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sugarman, P. A. (1992) Outome of schizophrenia in the Afro-Caribbean Community. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 27, 102–105.Google Scholar
Takei, N., Persaud, R., Woodruff, P., et al (1998) First episodes of psychosis in Afro-Caribbean and White people. An 18-year follow-up population-based study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 172, 147–153.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Teague, A. (1993) Ethnic group: first results from the 1991 census. Population Trends, 72, 12–17.Google Scholar
Wing, J. K., Cooper, J. E. & Sartorius, N. (1974) Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wojcik, J. D., Gelenberg, A. J., LaBrie, R. A., et al (1980) Prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in an outpatient population. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 21, 370–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization (1978) Mental Disorders: Glossary and Guide to their Classification in Accordance with the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.