Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-31T14:50:34.307Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Changes During Weeks in Effects of Tricyclic Drugs on the Human Sleeping Brain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

D. L. F. Dunleavy ,
Vlasta Brezinova ,
Ian Oswald ,
A. W. Maclean  and
M. Tinker
D. L. F. Dunleavy
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EHZO 5HF, Scotland
Vlasta Brezinova
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EHZO 5HF, Scotland
Ian Oswald
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EHZO 5HF, Scotland
A. W. Maclean
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EHZO 5HF, Scotland
M. Tinker
Affiliation:
Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, 4, Scotland
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The tricyclic antidepressants are established in therapy but not in mode of action. Effects on mouse or rat brain of single and relatively enormous doses provide the basis for theories. Yet it may be inferred that the clinical use of tricyclic antidepressants relies upon an induction of brain changes on a time-scale of weeks. Studies of tricyclic drug actions upon human brain physiology are as scanty as are easily-measurable human brain functions. Electrophysiological techniques, however, can conveniently be applied during one principal brain-state, namely sleep, when there is a relative freedom from uncontrollable extraneous variables.

Type
Research Article
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 120 , Issue 559 , June 1972 , pp. 663 - 672
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1972 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akindele, M. O., Evans, J. I., and Oswald, I. (1970). ‘Mono-amine oxidase inhibitors, sleep and mood.’ Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 29, 47–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baldy-Moulinier, M., Dapres, G., and Passouant, P. (1969). ‘Organisation of sleeping and waking in the cat during the 24 hours: pharmacological changes.’ Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 27, 105.Google ScholarPubMed
Baxter, B. L., and Gluckman, M. I. (1969). ‘Iprindole: an antidepressant which does not block REM sleep.’ Nature, 223, 750–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carlsson, A. (1970). ‘Structural specificity for inhibition of [14C]-5-hydroxytryptamine uptake by cerebral slices.’ Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 22, 729–32.Google Scholar
Carlsson, A. Jonason, J., Lindquist, M., and Fuxe, K. (1969). ‘Demonstration of extraneuronal 5-hydroxytryptamine accumulation in brain following membrane-pump blockade by chlorimipramine.’ Brain Research, 12, 456–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cicero, T. J., and Moore, B. W. (1970). ‘Turnover of the brain specific protein, S-100.’ Science, 169, 1333–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferguson, G. A. (1959). Statistical Analysis in Psychology and Education. New York.Google Scholar
Guilford, J. P. (1956). Fundamental Statistics in Psychology and Education. New York.Google Scholar
Hartmann, E. (1966). ‘Reserpine: its effect on the sleep-dream cycle in man.’ Psychopharmacologia, Berl., 9, 242–7.Google Scholar
Hartmann, E. (1968a). ‘Amitriptyline and imipramine: effects on human sleep.’ Psychophysiology, 5, 207.Google Scholar
Hartmann, E. (1968b). ‘The effect of four drugs on sleep patterns in man.’ Psychopharmacologia, Berl., 12, 346–53.Google Scholar
Hery, F., Pujol, J., Lopez, M., Macon, J., and Glowinski, J. (1970). ‘Increased synthesis and utilization of serotonin in the central nervous system of the rat during paradoxical sleep deprivation.’ Brain Research, 21, 391–403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoffman, J. S., and Domino, E. F. (1969). ‘Comparative effects of reserpine on the sleep cycle of man and cat.’ Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 170, 190–8.Google Scholar
Jouvet, M. (1969). ‘Neurophysiological and biochemical mechanisms of sleep.’ In: Sleep: Physiology and Pathology (ed. Kales, A.). Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Khazan, N., and Brown, P. (1970). ‘Differential effects of three tricyclic antidepressants on sleep and REM sleep in the rat.’ Life Sciences Part 1, 9, 279–84.Google Scholar
Koella, W. P. (1967). Sleep. Illinois: Springfield.Google Scholar
Lewis, S. A. (1970). ‘Comparative effects of some amphetamine derivatives on human sleep.’ In: Amphetamines and Related Compounds (ed. Costa, E., and Garattini, S.). New York.Google Scholar
Lewis, S. A. and Oswald, I. (1969). ‘Overdose of tricyclic antidepressants and deductions concerning their cerebral action.’ British Journal of Psychiatry, 115, 1403–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meek, J., and Werdinius, B. (1970). ‘Hydroxytryptamine turnover decreased by the antidepressant drug chlorimipramine.’ Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 22, 141–3.Google ScholarPubMed
Offermeier, J., and Potgieter, B. (1969). ‘Tricyclic antidepressives—a possible mode of action.’ South African Medical Journal, 43, 1366–70.Google Scholar
Oswald, I., Jones, H. S., and Mannerheim, J. E. (1968). ‘Effects of two slimming drugs on sleep.’ British Medical Journal, 1, 796–9.Google Scholar
Rechtschaffen, A., and Kales, A., (eds.) (1968). A manual of standardised terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects. Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Ritvo, E. R., Ornitz, E. M., La Franchi, S., and Walter, R. D. (1967). ‘Effects of imipramine on the sleep-dream cycle: an EEG study in boys.’ Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 22, 465–8.Google Scholar
Schildkraut, J. J., Winokur, A., and Applegate, C. W. (1970). ‘Norepinephrine turnover and metabolism in rat brain after long-term administration of imipramine.’ Science, 168, 867–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schubert, J., Nybäck, H., and Sedvall, G. (1970). ‘Effect of antidepressant drugs on accumulation and disappearance of mono-amines formed in vivo from labelled precursors in mouse brain.’ Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 22, 136–9.Google Scholar
Stille, G. (1968). ‘Pharmacological investigation of antidepressant compounds.’ Pharmakopsychiatrie Neuro-Psychopharmakologie, 2, 92–106.Google Scholar
Toorick, A., and Tait, A. C. (1969). ‘The inhibition of human platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake by tricyclic antidepressive drugs. The relation between structure and potency.’ Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 21, 751–62.Google Scholar
Way, E. L., Loh, H. H., and Shen, F. (1968). ‘Morphine tolerance, physical dependence, and synthesis of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine.’ Science, 162, 1290–2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wise, C. D., and Ruelius, H. W. (1968). ‘The binding of serotonin in brain: a study in vitro of the influence of physicochemical factors and drugs.’ Biochemical Pharmacology, 17, 617–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wohlfarth-Ribbentrop, A., and Schaumann, W. (1969). ‘Tierexperimenteller Vergleich der tranquilisierenden Wirkung von Doxepin mit bekannten psychopharmaka.’ Arzneimittel-Forschung, 19, 2012–5.Google Scholar
Wyatt, R. J., Fram, D. H., Kupfer, D. J., and Snyder, F. (1971). ‘Total prolonged drug-induced REM sleep suppression in anxious-depressed patients.’ Archives of General Psychiatry, 24, 145–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zuno, W. W. K. (1969). ‘Effect of antidepressant drugs on sleeping and dreaming. III. On the depressed patient.’ Biological Psychiatry, 1, 283–7.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.