Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T10:16:10.807Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Assessing Depression in Schizophrenia: The Calgary Depression Scale

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2018

Donald Addington*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary
Jean Addington
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary
Eleanor Maticka-tyndale
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary
*
Foothills Hospital Department of Psychiatry, 1403-29th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N2T9, Canada

Abstract

Since existing depression scales were designed for assessment of depression in non-psychotic populations, such scales have items which do not distinguish depressed from non-depressed psychotic subjects. The authors describe a new scale, the Calgary Depression Scale, which was designed for the assessment of depression in schizophrenia. The scale was derived from two existing scales by factor analysis and reliability analysis. It has been further tested in two new samples. In the first it has been shown to be reliable, congruent with a self-report scale and valid. In the second sample it has been shown that there is no overlap with negative or extrapyramidal symptoms.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Addington, D., Addington, J. & Schissel, B. (1990) A depression rating scale for schizophrenics. Schizophrenia Research, 3, 247251.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Addington, D., Addington, J., Maticka-Tyndale, E., et al (1992) Reliability and validity of a depression rating scale for schizophrenics. Schizophrenia Research, 5, 5159.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edn, revised) (DSM–III–R). Washington, DC: APA.Google Scholar
Awad, G. (1992) Quality of life of schizophrenics on medications: implications for clinical trials of neuroleptics. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 43, 262265.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., Ward, C. I., Mendelson, M., et al (1961) An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Green, M. F., Nuechterlein, K. H., Ventura, J., et al (1990) The temporal relationship between depressive and psychotic symptoms in recent onset schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 179182.Google ScholarPubMed
Hamilton, M. (1960) A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 23, 5662.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hirsch, S. R. (1982) Depression revealed in schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 421424.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, D. A. W. (1986) Depressive symptoms in schizophrenia: some observations on the frequency, morbidity and possible causes. In Contemporary Issues of Schizophrenia (eds Kerr, A. & Snaith, P.). London: Gaskell.Google Scholar
Kane, J., Honigfeld, G., Singer, J., et al (1988) Clozapine for the treatment resistant schizophrenic: a double-blind comparison versus chlorpromazine/benztropine. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 789796.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A. & Opler, L. A. (1987) The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13, 261276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lapierre, Y. D., Nair, N. V. P., Chouinard, G., et al (1990) A controlled dose-ranging study of remoxipride versus haloperidol in a Canadian multicentre trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 82, 7276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meltzer, H. Y., Sommers, A. A. & Luchins, D. J. (1986) The effect of neuroleptics on negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 6, 329338.Google Scholar
Schooler, N. R. (1991) Maintenance medication for schizophrenia: strategies for dose reduction. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 17, 311324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simpson, G. M., Amuse, D., Blair, J. P., et al (1966) Phenothiazine produced extrapyramidal system disturbance. Archives of General Psychiatry, 10, 199208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siris, S. G., Adan, F., Cohen, M., et al (1988) Postpsychotic depression and negative symptoms: an investigation of syndromal overlap. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 15321537.Google ScholarPubMed
Williams, J. B. (1988) A structured interview guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 742747.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wing, J. K., Cooper, J. E. & Sartorious, N. (1974) The Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms. London: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.