Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T09:09:11.214Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Assessing and Treating Attention Deficit Disorder in Adolescents

The Clinical Application of a Single-Case Research Design

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

S. P. Kutcher
S. P. Kutcher*
Affiliation:
University of Toronto; Visiting Clinical Scientist, MRC. Brain Metabolism Unit and Young People's Unit, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Psychiatric assessment strategies that integrate research findings with daily practice are necessary and clinically useful. This paper uses the example of an attention deficit disordered adolescent to illustrate how double-blind placebo controlled and multi-dose adjustment designs can be successfully implemented in routine clinical practice. These designs are especially valuable In evaluating the therapeutic effect of methylphenidate because of biases that may lead to clinical misuse of this stimulant medication.

Type
Papers
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 149 , Issue 6 , December 1986 , pp. 710 - 715
Copyright
Copyright © 1986 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ackerman, P. T., Dykman, R. A. & Peters, J. E.(1977) Teenage status of hyperactive and non-hyperactive learning disabled boys. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 47, 557–596.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric association (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed. DSM-III. Washington, DC: Division of Public Affairs, APA.Google Scholar
Barkley, R. A.(1977) A review of stimulant drug research with hyperactive children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 18, 137–165.Google Scholar
Bellak, L.(1979) Psychiatric aspects of minimal brain dysfunction in adults: their ego function assessment. In Psychiatric Aspects of Minimal Brain Dysfunction in Adults (ed. L. Bellak). New York: Grune & Stratton.Google Scholar
Bloomingdale, L. M.(1984) Whither ADD attention deficit disorder. The Psychiatric Journal of the University of Ottawa, 9, 175–186.Google Scholar
Borland, B. & Heckman, H.(1976) Hyperactive boys and their brothers. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, 669–675.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cantwell, D.(1977) Hyperkinetic syndrome. In Child Psychiatry: Modern Approaches (eds M. Rutter, I. Hersov). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Cantwell, D.(1984) The attention deficit disorder syndrome current knowledge, future needs. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 23, 315–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, N., Weiss, G. & Minde, K.(1972) Cognitive styles in adolescents previously diagnosed as hyperactive. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 13, 203–209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conners, C. K.(1969) A teacher rating scale for use in drug studies with children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 126, 884–888.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Erickson, E. H.(1950) Childhood and Society, New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Erickson, E. H.(1968) Identity: Youth and Crisis, New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Evans, J.(1983) Adolescent and Pre-Adolescent Psychiatry, Academic Press: London.Google Scholar
Gauthier, M.(1984) Stimulant medications in adults with attention deficit disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 29, 435–440.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gittleman, R.(1983) Hyperkinetic syndrome: treatment issues and principles. In Development Neuropsychiatry (ed. M. Rutter). London: Churchill Livingstone.Google Scholar
Greenhill, L. L., Puic-Antich, J., Novacenko, H., Solomon, M., Anghera, C., Florea, J., Goetz, R., Piscina, B. & Sachor, E.(1984) Prolactin, growth hormone and growth responses in boys with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity treated with methylphenidate. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 23, 58–67.Google Scholar
Hechtman, L., Weiss, G. & Perlman, T.(1984) Young adult outcome of hyperactive children who received long-term stimulant treatment Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 23, 261–269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hill, P., Murray, R. & Thorley, A.(1979) Essentials of Postgraduate Psychiatry, London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Huessy, H., Marshall, C. & Gendron, R.(1972) Five hundred children followed from Grade 2 through grade 5 for the prevalence of behavior disorder. Acta Paedopsychiatrica, 39, 301–309.Google Scholar
Kaplan, S. L., Hong, G. K. & Weinhold, C.(1984) Epidemiology of depressive symptomatology in adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 23, 91–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kazdin, A. E.(1983) Single-case research designs in clinical child psychiatry. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 22, 423–432.Google Scholar
Kendell, R. E. & Zealley, A. K.(1983) Companion to Psychiatric Studies. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.Google Scholar
Laufer, M. W. & Denhoff, E.(1957) Hyperkinetic behaviour syndrome in children. Journal of Pediatrics, 50, 463–474.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lerer, R. J. & Lerer, M. P.(1977) Responses of adolescents with minimal brain dysfunction to methylphenidate. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 10, 223–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mendelson, W., Johnson, N. & Stewart, M. A.(1974) Hyperactive children as teenagers: a following study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 153, 273–279.Google Scholar
Menkes, M., Rowe, J. & Menkes, J.(1967) A 25-year follow-up study on the hyperactive child with minimum brain dysfunction. Pediatrics, 39, 393–399.Google Scholar
Minde, K., Weiss, G. & Mendelson, N.(1972) A five-year followup study of 91 hyperactive school children. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 11, 595–610.Google Scholar
McKay, M. C., Beck, L. & Taylor, R.(1973) Methylphenidate for adolescents with minimal brain dysfunction. New York Journal of Medicine, 73, 550–554.Google Scholar
Offord, D., Sullivan, K., Allen, N. & Abrams, S.(1979) Delinquency and hyperactivity. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 167, 734–739.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rapoport, J., Buchsbaum, M., Weingartner, M. Zahn, H., Ludlow, C., Bartko, J. & Mikkelsen, E. J.(1980) Dextroamphetamine: cognitive and behavioural effects in normal and hyperactive boys and normal adult males. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 933–943.Google Scholar
Rutter, M.(1983) Behavioural studies: questions and findings on the concept of a distinctive syndrome. In Developmental Neuropsychiatry, (ed. M. Rutter). London: Churchill Livingstone.Google Scholar
Safer, D. & Allen, R.(1975) Stimulant drug treatment of hyperactive adolescents. Diseases of the Nervous System, 368, 454–457.Google Scholar
Satterfield, J., Satterfield, B. & Cantwell, D.(1981) Three- year multimodality treatment study of hyperactive boys. Journal of Pediatrics, 98, 650–655.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sprague, R. & Sleator, E.(1977) Methylphenidate in hyperkinetic children: differences in dose effects on learning and social behaviour. Science, 198, 1274–1276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, M. A. & Mendelson, W. B.(1973) Hyperactive Children as Adolescents: How they describe themselves. Child Psychology and Human Development, 6, 3–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, E.(1983) Drug response and diagnostic validation. In Developmental Neuropsychiatry (ed. M. Rutter). London: Churchill Livingstone.Google Scholar
Taylor, E.(1985) Syndromes of overactivity and attention deficit. In Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Modem Approaches (eds M. Rutter & L. Herson). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Varley, C.(1983) Effects on methylphenidate in adolescents with Attention Deficit Disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 22. 351–354.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weiss, G.(1983) Long-term outcome: findings, concepts and practical implications. In Developmental Neuropsychiatry (ed. M. Rutter). London: Churchill Livingstone.Google Scholar
Weiss, G., Minde, K., Werg, J., Douglas, V. & Nemeth, F.(1971) Studies on the hyperactive child: VII Five-year followup. Archives of General Psychiatry, 24, 409–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiss, G., Minde, K., Werg, J., Douglas, V. & Nemeth, F. & Hechtman, I.(1979) The hyperactive child syndrome. Science, 205, 1348–1354.Google Scholar
Weiss, G., Minde, K., Werg, J., Douglas, V. & Nemeth, F. & Hechtman, I., Hectman, I., Perlman, T., Hopkins, J. & Werner, A.(1979) Hyperactives as young adults. A controlled prospective ten-year followup of 75 children. Archives of General Psychiatry, 36, 675–681.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wender, P.(1978) Minimal brain dysfunction: an overview. In Psychopharmacology: A generation of progress (eds M. A. Lipton, A. D. Mascio & K. F. Killam). New York: Raven Press.Google Scholar
White, J. H.(1981) The hyperactive child in adolescence: some pharmacologic approaches. Journal of Adolescence, 4, 79–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wood, D., Reimherr, F., Wender, P. & Johnson, G.(1976) Diagnosis and treatment of minimal brain dysfunction in adults: A preliminary report. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, 1453–1460.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.