Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T16:29:18.707Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Suicide in England and Wales and in Scotland

An Examination of Divergent Trends

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Iain K. Crombie*
Affiliation:
Department of Community Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY

Abstract

The suicide rates in England and Wales and Scotland converged during the late 1960s, and from 1970 were higher in Scotland. The convergence occurred because of differences in the falls in rates of those aged over 45 years and not because of differences in frequency and decline of coal gas suicide. Male suicide increased more rapidly in Scotland during the 1970s. In England and Wales overall female suicide rates fell during 1958–76 whereas in Scotland there was no clear trend. Suicide by car exhaust increased similarly in both countries, but that by hanging and drug poisoning increased more rapidly in Scotland.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1990 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barraclough, B. M. (1972) Are the Scottish and English suicide rates really different? British Journal of Psychiatry, 120, 267273.Google Scholar
Carstairs, V. & Morris, R. (1989) Deprivation: explaining differences in mortality between Scotland and England and Wales. British Medical Journal, 299, 886889.Google Scholar
Crombie, I. K. (1989) Trends in suicide and unemployment in Scotland, 1976–86. British Medical Journal, 298, 782784.Google Scholar
Crombie, I. K. (1990) Can changes in unemployment rates explain the recent changes in suicide rates in developed countries. International Journal of Epidemiology, 19, 412416.Google Scholar
Durkheim, E. (1897) Le Suicide (trans. Spaulding, J. A. & Smith, C., 1952). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Farmer, R. & Rhode, J. (1980) Effect of availability and acceptability of lethal instruments on suicide mortality. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 62, 436446.Google Scholar
Holterman, S. (1975) Areas of deprivation in Great Britain: an analysis of 1971 census data. Social Trends, 6, 3347.Google Scholar
Kreitman, N. (1972) Suicide in Scotland in comparison with England and Wales. British Journal of Psychiatry, 120, 8387.Google Scholar
McClure, G. M. G. (1987) Suicide in England and Wales, 1975–1984. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 309314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLcone, P. & Crombie, I. K. (1987) Trends in suicide in Scotland 1974–84: an increasing problem. British Medical Journal, 295, 629631.Google Scholar
Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (1958–86) The Registrar General's statistical reviews of England and Wales. London: OPCS.Google Scholar
Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (1985) Drinking and attitudes to licensing in Scotland. OPCS Monitor, 55 85/Z.Google Scholar
Oliver, R. G. & Hetzel, B. S. (1973) An analysis of recent trends in suicide rates in Australia. International Journal of Epidemiology, 2, 91101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Platt, S. (1984) Unemployment and suicidal behaviour: a review of the literature. Social Science and Medicine, 19, 93115.Google Scholar
Reoistrar General (Scotland) (1958–86) Annual Reports. Edinburgh: HMSO.Google Scholar
Ross, O. & Kreitman, N. (1975) A further investigation of differences in suicide rates of England and Wales and of Scotland. British Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 575582.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1982) Changing Patterns in Suicide Behaviour. Copenhagen: WHO.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.