Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T02:09:04.024Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Some Problems in Behaviour Therapy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

V. Meyer
Affiliation:
Academic Psychiatry Unit, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, W.I
A. H. Crisp
Affiliation:
Academic Psychiatry Unit, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, W.I

Extract

Behaviour therapy is conducted in this department under combined general psychiatric and behaviour therapist supervision. Patients considered suitable for behaviour therapy are first assessed clinically at a phenomenological and psychodynamic level. On the basis of this assessment an appropriate symptom or number of symptoms are selected for treatment by behaviour therapy. The patient is thereafter observed by the original clinician and assessed at regular intervals. Meanwhile the behaviour therapist treats the specific symptom or symptoms.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1966 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ayllon, T. (1963). “Intensive treatment of psychotic behaviour by stimulus and food reinforcement” Beh, Res. Ther., 1, 5361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ayllon, T., and Haughton, E. (1962). “Control of the behaviour of schizophrenic patients by food” J. exp. anal. Behav., 5, 343–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ayllon, T., and Haughton, E. (1964). “Modification of symptomatic verbal behaviour of mental patients” Beh. Res. Ther., 2, 8797.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ayllon, T., and Michael, J. (1959). “The psychiatric nurse as a behavioural engineer” J. exp. anal. Behav., 2, 323–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bachrach, A. J., Erwin, A. J., and Mohr, J. P. (1965). “The control of eating behaviour in an anorexic by operant conditioning techniques.” In: Case Studies in Behaviour Modification (eds. Ullman, L. P. and Krasner, L.). New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1961). “Psychotherapy as a learning process” Psychol. Bull., 58, 143–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bannister, D. (1964). Personal communication.Google Scholar
Barrett, B. H. (1962). “Reduction in rate of multiple tics by free operant conditioning methods” J. nerv. ment. Dis., 135, 187–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beech, H. R. (1960). “The symptomatic treatment of writer's cramp.” In: Behaviour Therapy and the Neuroses (ed. Eysenck, H. J.). London: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Beech, H. R. (1963). “Some theoretical and technical difficulties in the application of behaviour therapy” Bull. Brit. Psychol. Soc., 16 (52), 2533.Google Scholar
Bevan, J. R. (1960). “Learning theory applied to the treatment of a patient with obsessional ruminations”. In: Behaviour Therapy and Neuroses (ed. Eysenck, H. J.). London: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Bijou, S. W., and Orlando, R. (1961). “Rapid development of multiple-schedule performances with retarded children” J. exp. anal. Behav., 4, 716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blakemore, C. B. (1964). “The application of behaviour therapy to a sexual disorder.” In: Experiments in Behaviour Therapy (ed. Eysenck, H. J.). Oxford: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Blakemore, C. B., Thorpe, J. C., Conway, C. G., and Lavin, N. I. (1963). “The application of faradic aversion conditioning in a case of transvestism” Beh. Res. Ther., 1, 2934.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bookbinder, L. J. (1962), “Simple conditioning VS the dynamic approach to symptoms and symptom substitution.” Psychol. Repl., 10, 7177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brady, J. P., and Lind, D. (1961). “Experimental analysis of hysterical blindness” Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 4, 331–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, D. F. (1963). “The treatment of hysterical spasm and agoraphobia by behaviour therapy” Beh. Res. Ther., i, 245250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costello, C. G. (1964). “Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD25) and behaviour therapy” Ibid., 2, 117–29.Google Scholar
Cowden, R., and Ford, L. (1962). “Systematic desensitization with phobic schizophrenics” Amer. J. Psychol., 119, 241–5.Google Scholar
Crisp, A. H. (1964a). “An attempt to measure an aspect of ‘transference’” Brit. J. med. Psychol., 37, 1730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crisp, A. H. (1964b). “Development and application of a measure of ‘transference’” J. psychosom. Res., 8, 327–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crisp, A. H. “$ ‘Transference’, ‘symptom emergence’ and ‘social repercussions’ in behaviour therapy.” Brit. J. med. Psychol. (In press.)Google Scholar
Crisp, A. H., and Moldofsky, H. (1965). “A psychosomatic study of writer's cramp” Brit. J. Psychiat., 111, 841–58CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davison, G. C. (1964). “A social learning programme with an autistic child” Beh. Res. Ther., 2, 149–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Estes, W. K. (1944). “An experimental study of punishment” Psychol. Monogr. 57, Vol. No. 263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. (ed.) (1960). Behaviour Therapy and the Neurosis. London: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. (ed.) (1962). “Conditioning and personality” Brit. J. Psychol., 53, 299305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. (ed.) (1963a). “Behaviour therapy, exctinction and relapse in neurosis” Brit. J. Psychiat., 109, 1218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. (ed.) (1963b). “Behaviour therapy, spontaneous remission and transference in neurotics” Amer. J. Psychiat., 119, 867–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. (ed.) (1964). Experiments in Behaviour Therapy. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Feldman, M. P., and McCulloch, M. J. (1964). “A systematic approach to the treatment of homosexuality by conditioned aversion: Preliminary report” Amer. J. Psychiat., 121, 167–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feldman, M. P., and McCulloch, M. J. (1965). “The application of anticipatory avoidance learning to treatment of homosexuality. Theory and preliminary results” Beh. Res. Ther., 2, 165–83.Google Scholar
Ferster, C. B. (1958). “Reinforcement and punishment in the control of human behaviour by social agencies” Psych. Res. Rep., 10, 101–18.Google Scholar
Ferster, C. B. (1961). “Positive reinforcement and behavioural deficits in autistic children” Child Developm., 32, 437–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferster, C. B., and De Myer, M. K. (1961). “The development of performances in autistic children in an automatically controlled environment” J. chron. Dis., 13, 312–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flanagan, B., Goldiamond, I., and Azrin, N. (1958). “Operant stuttering: The control of stuttering behaviour through response-contingent consequences” J. exp. anal. Behav., 1, 173–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franks, C. M. (1956). “Conditioning and personality: a study of normal and neurotic subjects” J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 52, 143–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franks, C. M. (1960). “Conditioning and abnormal behaviour.” In: Handbook of Abnormal Psychology (ed. Eysenck, H. J.). London: Pitman Medical Pub. Co. Ltd.Google Scholar
Franks, C. M., and Laverty, S. G. (1955). “Sodium amytal and eyelid conditioning” J. ment. Sci., 101, 654–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franks, C. M., and Trauton, D. S. (1958). “Effects of amobarbital and dexamphetamine sulphate on the conditioning of the eyeblink response” J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 51, 220–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freund, K. (1960). “Some problems in the treatment of homosexuality.” In: Behaviour Therapy and Neuroses (ed. Eysenck, H. J.). London: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Fuller, P. R. (1949). “Operant conditioning of a vegetative human organism” Amer. J. Psychol., 62, 587–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gelber, H., and Meyer, V. (1965). “Behaviour therapy and encopresis: the complexities involved in treatment” Beh. Res. Ther., 1, 227–31.Google Scholar
Gelder, M. G. (1964). “Behaviour therapy and psychotherapy for phobic disorders” Paper read at Sixth International Congress of Psychotherapy, London.Google Scholar
Grossberg, J. M. (1964). “Behaviour therapy: A review” Psychol. Bull., 62, 7388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutchinson, R. R., and Azrin, N. H. (1961). “Conditioning of mental hospital patients to fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement” J. exper. anal. Behav., 4, 8795.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isaacs, W., Thomas, J., and Goldiamond, I. (1960). “Application of operant conditioning to reinstate verbal behaviour in psychotics” J. Speech Disord., 25, 812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobson, E. (1938). Progressive Relaxation. Chicago: University Press.Google Scholar
Jones, H. G. (1960). “Applied abnormal psychology: the experimental approach.” Chapter 20 in: Handbook of Abnormal Psychology, (ed. Eysenck, H. J.). London: Pitman Medical Pub. Co. Ltd.Google Scholar
Kennedy, T. (1964). “Treatment of chronic schizophrenia by behaviour therapy: case reports” Beh. Res. Ther., 2, 16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimble, G. A. (1956). Principles of General Psychology. New York: Ronald Press, 272–4.Google Scholar
King, G. F., Armitage, S., and Tilton, J. (1960). “A therapeutic approach to schizophrenics of extreme pathology” J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 61, 276–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lang, P. J., and Lazovik, A. D. (1963). “Experimental desensitization of a phobia” Ibid., 66, 519–25.Google Scholar
Lazarus, A. A. (1961). “Group therapy of phobic disorders by systematic desensitization” Ibid., 63, 504–10.Google Scholar
Lazarus, A. A. (1963). “The results of behaviour therapy in 126 cases of severe neurosis” Beh. Res. Ther., 1, 6979.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazarus, A. A. (1964). “Crucial procedural factors in desensitization therapy” Ibid., 2, 6570.Google Scholar
Lazarus, A. A., and Rachman, S. (1957). “The use of systematic desensitization in psychotherapy” S. Afr. med. J., 31, 334–7.Google Scholar
Lewis, D. J. (1960). “Partial reinforcement: A selective review of the literature since 1950” Psychol. Bull., 57, 128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindsley, O. R. (1956). “Operant conditioning methods applied to research in chronic schizophrenia” Psychiat. Res. Rep., 5, 118–39.Google Scholar
Lindsley, O. R. (1959). “Reduction in rate of vocal psychotic symptoms by different positive reinforcement” J. exp. anal. Beh., 2, 269.Google Scholar
Lindsley, O. R. (1960). “Characteristics of the behaviour of chronic psychotics as revealed by free-operant conditioning methods” Dis. nerv. Syst. Monogr. Suppl., 21, 6678.Google Scholar
Lindsley, O. R. (1963a). “Direct measurement and functional definition of vocal hallucinatory symptoms” J. nerv. ment. Dis., 136, 293–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindsley, O. R. (1963b). “Free operant conditioning and psychotherapy” In: Current Psychiatric Therapies, Vol. III (ed. Masserman, ). New York.Google Scholar
Lovibond, S. H. (1964). Conditioning and Enuresis. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Metzner, R. (1961). “Learning theory and the therapy of neuroses” Brit. J. Psychol., Mon. Supp. No. 33, London.Google Scholar
Metzner, R. (1963). “Re-evaluation of Wolpe and Dollard Miller” Beh. Res. Ther., 1, 212–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, V. (1957). “The treatment of two phobic patients on the basis of learning principles” J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 55, 261–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, V. (1964). “Behaviour therapy: problems and critical evaluation” Paper read at Sixth International Congress of Psychotherapy, London.Google Scholar
Meyer, V., and Crisp, A. H. (1964). “Aversion therapy in two cases of obesity” Beh. Res. Ther., 2, 143–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, V., and Gelder, M. G. (1963). “Behaviour therapy and phobic disorders” Brit. J. Psychiat., 109, 1928.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, V., and Mair, J. M. M. (1963). “A new technique to control stammering: A preliminary report” Beh. Res. Ther., i, 251254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neal, D. H. (1963). “Behaviour therapy and encopresis in children” Ibid., 1, 139–49.Google Scholar
Oswald, I. (1962). “Induction of illusory and hallucinatory voices with consideration of behaviour therapy” J. ment. Sci., 108, 196212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peters, H. N., and Jenkins, R. L. (1954). “Improvement of chronic schizophrenic patients with guided problem solving motivated by hunger” Psychiat. Quart. Suppl., 28, 84101.Google Scholar
Rachman, S. (1963). “Introduction to behaviour therapy” Beh. Res. Ther., 1, 315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rafi, A. A. (1962). “Learning theory and the treatment of tics” J. psychosom. Res., 6, 7176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raymond, M.J. (1964). “The treatment of addiction by aversion therapy” Beh. Res. Ther., 1, 287–91.Google Scholar
Rickard, H. C., Dignan, P.J., and Horner, R. F. (1960). “Verbal manipulation in a psychotherapeutic relationship” J. clin. Psychol., 16, 364–7.3.0.CO;2-2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rotter, J. B. (1960). “Psychotherapy” Ann. Rev. Psychol., 11, 381414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, S. (1964). “A comparative evaluation of verbal conditioning and behaviour training in an individual case” Beh. Res. Ther., 2, 1926.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwitzgebel, R., and Kolb, D. A. (1964). “Inducing behaviour change in adolescent delinquents” Ibid., 1, 297304.Google Scholar
Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and Human Behaviour. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Skinner, B. F. (1959). Cumulative Record. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.Google Scholar
Thorpe, J. G. and Schmidt, E. (1964). “Therapeutic failure in a case of aversion therapy” Beh. Res. Ther., 1, 293–6.Google Scholar
Thorpe, J. G., Schmidt, E., Brown, P. T., and Castell, D. (1964). “Aversion-relief therapy: A new method for general application” Ibid., 2, 7182.Google Scholar
Walton, D. (1960a). “The relevance of learning theory to the treatment of an obsessive-compulsive state.” In: Behaviour Therapy and the Neuroses (ed.Eysenck, H. J.). New York: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Walton, D. (1960b). “Strengthening of incompatible responses and the treatment of a phobic state in a schizophrenic patient” Ibid. Google Scholar
Walton, D., and Mather, M. D. (1963). “The application of learning principles to the treatment of obsessive-compulsive states in the acute and chronic phases of illness” Beh. Res. Ther., 1, 163–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, J. G. (1959). “The use of learning theory in psychological treatment of children” J. clin. Psychol., 15, 227–9.3.0.CO;2-E>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, E. (1960). “Interpersonal relations in reflexologic terms: An integrated approach.” In: Progress in Psychotherapy, Vol. V, (eds. Masserman, and Moreno, ). New York: Grune & Stratton Inc.Google Scholar
Wolf, M., Bisley, T., and Mees, H. (1964). “Application of operant conditioning procedures to the behaviour problems of an autistic child” Beh. Res. Ther., 1, 305–12.Google Scholar
Wolpe, J. (1958). Psychotherapy by Reciprocal Inhibition. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Wolpe, J. (1961a). “The systematic desensitization treatment of neuroses” J. nerv. ment. Dis., 132, 189203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolpe, J. (1961b). “The prognosis in unpsycho-analysed recovery from neurosis” Amer. J. Psychiat., 117, 3539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolpe, J. (1962). “Isolation of a conditioning procedure as the crucial psychotherapeutic factor: A case study” J. nerv. ment. Dis., 134, 316–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolpe, J. (1964). “Behaviour therapy in complex neurotic states” Brit. J. Psychiat., 110, 2834.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yates, A. J. (1958a). “The application of learning theory to the treatment of tics” J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 56, 175–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yates, A. J. (1958b). “Symptoms and symptom substitution” Psychol. Rev., 65, 371–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.